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Lecture No.

2
STATUS OF ORGANIC FARMING IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
TAMIL NADU
What is available is not safe for consumption.
By 2020 underground water will be full of fluorides
Pollutants in the food chain -- due to toxins in agrochemicals
1 molecule of chlorine affects 100,000 molecules of ozone (Shivashankar, 2001)
In tropics OC of 2.5-3.0 % or SOM of 5-6 % would possibly lead to sustainable crop
production (Hunsigi, 1997)
Possible to increase crop yield by 12 % for every 1 % organic matter
Export: Certified Organic Products and Volume- India
Year

2001
2006
2011
2016
2021

Populatio
n (m)

1006
1086
1164
1244
1324

Requirement ( m.t)
Food

Plant
nutrients

230
248
266
284
302

32
37
40
43
46

CURRENT STATUS IN INDIA

Area under certified cultivation

Number of projects

Number of farmers involved

Products exported
Total exports (2002-03)
Approximate value
Total agriculture exports
Organic exports

: 25 lakh ha
: 218
: approx
11000
: 18 items
: 63452 m t
: Rs. 89.42 cr
: Rs.27720cr
: 0.32 %

MARKET

Current market
: 23-25 B us$

Annual growth
: 15 - 20%

U.s. A
: 11-13 b us$

Japan
: 350-450 m us$

Projected
potential
of
nutrients
from
organics
28
(m.t.)
30
32
34
36


Europe
: 10 -11 B US$
POTENTIAL PRODUCTS

Rice

Cereal products

Pulses

Honey

Canesugar

Jaggery

Fruits ( Juices,Concentrates & Nectars )

Herbs and spices

Peanuts
ADVANTAGE INDIA

Conducive agro climatic conditions.

Prevailing traditional farming.

Many areas in the state are not yet exposed to chemicals .

Progressive farmers .

Availability of manpower.
Govt. Initiatives.

Year

P2O5

K2O

Total

Lakh tonnes

Per hectare (kg)

1970's

2.70

0.67

0.69

3.56

47.50

1980's

5.54

1.15

1.44

6.36

94.80

1990's

4.47

1.65

2.15

8.27

122.75

2000

5.65

2.26

2.74

10.65

164.9

India

116.21

48.04

17.04

181.29

95.6

Ramasamy et al., 2000

In Tamil Nadu
80 NGOs
10 Districts LEISA
3000 Farmers following organic farming

Year
India

Quantity (tons)

1960-1961

7,340

1970-1971

23,160

1980-1981

51,920

1990-1991

71,190

1995-1996

90,000

1997-1998

72,000

1999-2000

83,000 (0.44 kg ha-1)

Tamil Nadu

1999-2000

1,690 (0.26 kg ha-1)

Uttar pradesh

1999-2000

7500

Punjab

1999-2000

6975

Haryana

1999-2000

5025

Andhrapradesh

1999-2000

4050

Gujarat

1999-2000

3650

Maharashtra

1999-2000

3600

West Bengal

1999-2000

3370

Karnataka

1999-2000

2500

Kerala

1999-2000

1060

Source : Pesticide information Sept.1989 and Dureja and Parmer, 2001

28000 soil samples analysed Zinc deficiency 58.4 %


Iron deficiency 17.0 %
Copper deficiency 6.0 %
Manganese deficiency 6.0 %
Savithri et al., 2000

Low persistence
(Half life < 30 days)

Moderate persistence
(30-100 days)

High persistence
(>100 days)

Aldicarb

Aldrin

Bromacil

Captan

Atrazine

Chlordane

Dalapan

Carbaryl

Lindane

Dicamba

Diazinon

Paraquat

Malathion

Linuron

Picloran

Oxamyl

Fonotos

Trifluralin

2,4-D

Glyphosate

2,4,S-T

Paration

Source: Pesticides Residue Lab., TNAU, Coimbatore-3

Ground water contamination


Air pollution

Affects soil biology Microbes and Earthworms


Out break of secondary pests
Kills natural enemies
Residues in plants Out of 45 rice grain samples analyzed
30 contains Butachlor residue at detectable level,
33 contains Thiobencarp residue at detectable level
Affects human health - Skin allergies to cancer
Affects animal health

Crops

Rice, groundnut, sugarcane, banana, cotton, vegetables, turmeric, coconut

Nutrient management

Vermicomposts
Composted crop residues
Animal manures
Green manures, green leaf manure
Spraying of "Panchakavya"
Mixing of "Panchakavya" with irrigation
Application of tank silt
In situ incorporation of crop residues
Biofertilizers
Oil cakes and neem cake

Moisture
conservation

Mulching with residues of same crop (banana, coconut, sugarcane, jasmine)


Water harvesting technique, percolation ponds Pitcher irrigation for fruit
crops

Seed treatment

Soaking in Panchakavya (1%)

Pest control

Spray "Panchakavya"
Plant extracts with cow urine (Neem, Vitex, Clerodendron and Calotropis)
Pest repellent crops
Butter milk
Herbal smoke
Neem cake

Weed control

Mulching
Ducks in paddy fields
Navadhanya intercropping

Sl.No.

Available quantity
(Lakh tonnes)

Organics

Farmyard manure

174.00

Poultry manure

14.740

Pig manure

9.600

Town waste

9.328

Compost

3.974

Pressmud

6.830

Coirwaste

3.261

Vermicompost

Requirements
(lakh tones)

595.00

0.030
Total

221.763

595.00

Santhi and Selvakumari, 2000

Crop

Residue yield
(lakh tonnes)

Nutrient potential (lakh tonnes)


N

P2O5

K2 O

Rice

90.92

0.53

0.21

1.51

Sorghum

8.50

0.05

0.02

0.16

Pearl millet

5.08

0.03

0.01

0.11

Maize

1.61

0.01

0.01

0.03

Minor millets

1.86

0.01

0.01

0.04

Total pulses

4.10

0.07

0.01

0.08

Green
manures

1.11

0.89

0.19

0.94

1.59

0.46

2.87

Total

Waste

Quantity
(lakh tonnes)

Nutrient potential (lakh tones/litres)


N

P2O5

K2 O

Pressmud

3.00

0.04

0.05

0.02

Sugar mill effluent

30.0

0.06

0.02

0.33

Raw coirpith

2.80

0.007

0.001

0.022

Sewage sludge

2.60

0.09

0.04

0.07

0.20

0.11

0.44

Total

Murugappan, 2001

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