Touchless Bin

CHAPTER I
Introduction
This chapter contains the background of the study, statement of the problem,
hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitations, and definition of terms.
Background of the Study
Trash cans have developed for years already. Common trash cans are those
opened and closed using your bare hands. Nowadays, step-on trash cans are used by
households, schools and workplaces. The disadvantage of using these types of trash
cans is that using your hands or feet can increase the risk of cross-contamination.
These also cause junks to mix, making segregating a difficult job to do.
Touchless faucets are used in restrooms in grocery stores, malls and hotels. The
faucet turns on or off depending on the presence of infrared energy near the sensor
attached in the spout of the faucet. This concept is applied in the study. Usually, people
open or close trash cans by touching the lids. Developments on trash cans have
occurred as time passed by. Step-on trash cans which are operated by feet, as said a
while ago, is one of these developments. There is still direct contact between the user
and the trash which may cause various diseases. The aid for preventing this is the
utilization of infrared proximity sensor.
In schools, most of the wastes produced by students and teachers are papers,
plastic bottles and tin cans. The problem about disposing these is that they are mixed in
one bin. The liquid residues from different beverages also mix in the bin which makes
the bin sticky and unpleasant in terms of appearance and odor. This also causes the
recyclable materials to destroy easily. So instead of recycling these wastes immediately,
segregation has to take place first which makes the process of recycling lengthy. The
innovation involves the segregating feature of the trash bin which serves as a solution to
this problem. It has a division where you can dispose the liquid residues before throwing
the waste itself. Garbage slides down the inside of the bin which is divided into three
compartments and goes to the base where the segregator is placed.
Trash Segregator with Attached Infrared Long Range Proximity Sensor and Bin Capacity Indicator
Overflowing of trash bin is also a problem when it comes to the disposal of trash.
This leads to the addition of bin capacity indicator in this innovation.
The trash segregator with attached infrared long range proximity sensor and bin
capacity indicator serves as a solution to the three problems regarding health,
convenience and environment people encounter in disposing trash.
Statement of the Problem
The study aims to devise a trash bin that performs multiple functions.
Researchers intend to make segregating easier by dividing the bin into three
compartments for biodegradable wastes, non-biodegradable trash and liquid residues.
Another objective is to equip the trash bin with infrared long range proximity sensor
which automatically opens the lid whenever an object is detected. The third objective is
to design the bin with light emitting diodes that turn on when the bin is already full. The
study also aims to determine the range of the distance in inches covered by the sensor
for it to be able to work accurately and fast and the range of weight of the garbage
needed for the light emitting diodes to turn on.
Hypotheses
The following hypotheses are formulated: The compartments make segregating
easy; liquid residues are not mixed to the wastes. The infrared long range proximity
sensor can detect an object at a certain range of distance. The lid opens and closes
smoothly. The light emitting diodes turn on or off depending on the weight of the trash
inside the compartment.
Significance of the Study
With the use of the infrared long range proximity sensor attached on the lid of the
bin, the host does not need to have direct contact with the trash can. The bin is divided
into three compartments. The two compartments are for biodegradable and nonbiodegradable wastes. The last compartment is for liquid residues. The upper part of the
bin, smaller the size of the lower part, is also divided into three so the wastes pass
through it and is deposited at the base of the trash can where the plastic bags for
2
storage of biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes and the basin for the liquid
residues are located. This makes throwing easy and convenient for people. The
innovation is practical because it saves time and effort exerted by the user to segregate.
In addition to this development, the trash bin is also equipped with a bin capacity
indicator which helps people know whether the compartments reached their maximum
capacity. This prevents bins from overflowing.
The trash segregator with attached infrared long range proximity sensor and bin
capacity indicator is a step towards an eco-friendly, convenient and healthy lifestyle.
Scope and Limitation
The study covers the application of infrared long range proximity sensor and light
emitting diodes (LEDs) as bin capacity indicator in the innovation of trash cans in order
to solve three major problems. These problems are related to health, environment and
convenience. The study also includes upgrading of modern day trash bins into bins with
compartments designed to make segregating easy. The study is limited to the use of
infrared long range proximity sensor only. The springs and LEDs are also used as bin
capacity indicators in the upgraded trash bin.
The research involves the identification of the effectiveness of infrared proximity
sensors in relation to the distance of the object from the trash bin. Other factors such as
setting the temperature are not included in the study.
Definition of Terms
Trash Segregator is a customized rectangular trash bin divided into three equal
parts for an easier and more convenient way of disposing and segregating trash. The
first compartment is for biodegradable wastes. The second is for non-biodegradable
trash and the last is for liquid residues.
Infrared Proximity Sensor is an electronic sensor which works by applying a
voltage to a pair of infrared light emitting diodes (LEDs). The infrared light emitted by
the pair propagates through the air and once the beam hits an object, the light is
3
reflected back to the sensor. The sensing unit detects the reflected infrared light and the
circuit becomes active. The activation of the sensing unit causes it to send
corresponding signal to the output terminal which can be used to activate any devices.
In this study, the servo motor operates the lid for it to open when an object is detected
and for it to close when nobody is near the unit.
Bin Capacity Indicator is a device composed of compression springs that are
connected to light emitting diodes (LEDs). The springs, LEDs and batteries are
integrated. The LEDs are located on top of the lower part of the bin. Four springs are
attached to the four corners of each divider. A battery clip, facing the base of the bin, is
glued at the aluminum divider. The bottom of the battery is glued at the base of the bin.
As the springs are compressed by the junks, the battery clip will touch the battery which
will generate energy for the light emitting diodes to light, indicating that the bin has
reached its maximum capacity.
CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter contains the related literatures and related studies about Trash
Segregator with Attached Infrared Long Range Proximity Sensor and Bin Capacity
Indicator.
Related Literatures
Gizduino
On 2010, Kris introduced Gizduino in e-gizmo.com. Gizduino is a clone of the
popular Arduino Diecimilia, it is an open source computing platform based on a simple
input/output (I/O) board and the use of standard programming language. Gizduino is
programmed using the IDE (Integrated Development Environment). Gizduino uses an
ATmega168 microcontroller.
Gizduino can be powered by the USB connection or an external power supply.
The external power supply can be an AC-DC adapter connected to the power jack or a
battery with the positive end connected to VIN power pin and negative pin to GND pin.
It is used in programming the servo motor. The temperature and distance needed
for the lid of the bin to be opened and maximum angle that the lid would make would be
indicated to the servo motor by the use of this.
Infrared Proximity Sensor
Garrett
HamiltonSmith,
Raihan
Khondker,
and Will
Norris
posted
in
g9toengineering.com about infrared proximity sensor. An infrared proximity sensor

works by applying a voltage to a pair of infrared light emitting diodes (LEDs) which in
turn, emit infrared light. This light propagates through the air and once it hits an object it
is reflected back towards the sensor. If the object is close, the reflected light will be
stronger than if the object is further away.
The sensing unit, in the form of an integrated circuit (IC), detects the reflected
infrared light, and if its intensity is strong enough, the circuit becomes active. When the
sensing unit becomes active, it sends a corresponding signal to the output terminal
which can then be used to activate any number of devices.
The infrared long range proximity sensor will be detecting the infrared light from a
certain distance that will trigger the servo motor to work.
Servo Motor Control
A post entitled Servo Control was posted by Simit Pradhan in psimit.geek.in last
2008. Servo control is a closed loop control system for electric motors. The motor used
in servo control are usually DC motors (although AC servo is also possible). A typical
servo motor uses a sensor to sense motor position and uses it as a feedback to reduce
the speed of the motor as the motor reaches the commanded position.
The servo motor will be programmed using the Gizduino that would open the lid
when the sensor detects infrared light.
9 volts PP3 Battery
A 9 volts PP3 battery is a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a
polarized snap connector at the top.
In ehow.com, Eric Tilden posted about lithium batteries visited last Sept. 10,
2012. Lithium 9-volt battery is a disposable (primary) type of battery that has a lithium
metal or lithium compounds as anode and manganese oxide as cathode. It has a high
energy density designed to last up to 5 times longer than alkaline 9-volt batteries and up
to 10 times longer than carbon-zinc 9-volt batteries.
Lithium batteries can be used in place of ordinary alkaline cells in many devices,
such as clocks and cameras. Although they are more costly, lithium cells will provide
much longer life, therefore minimizing battery replacement.
This will be used as energy source of the infrared proximity sensor, servo motor
and LED. This battery will be attached to the base of the bin and the battery clip will be
attached to the movable board inside the bin.
Aluminum
Jinyuda Trading Company posted about aluminum in en.jinyuda.com last June
13, 2012. Aluminum is silver-colored, relatively soft, durable, lightweight, ductile and
malleable metal. It has low density (2.7 g/cc) metal that finds use in a huge variety of
commercial applications. Aluminum is commonly used in both wrought and cast forms.
It is easily machined, cast, drawn and extruded. It is remarkable for its ability to resist
corrosion due to the phenomenon of passivation. It has excellent joining characteristics
and good acceptance of applied coatings. It is also widely available.
This is the material used in molding the bin. The batteries, sensor, motor, and
LED were attached here. The purpose of using aluminum is it is durable and cheaper
compared to other materials.
Free Electron Model
Arnold Sommerfeld developed the Free Electron Model; a model showing the
behavior of valence electrons in a crystal structure of a metallic solid. It explains many
experimental phenomena such as electrical conductivities. The bin capacity indicators
work perfectly because the light emitting diodes are connected via electrical wires to the
aluminum sheets, good conductors of electricity, which are integrated to the battery clip
of the 9 volts PP3 transistor battery.
Related Studies
With regards to the utilization of sensors, numerous projects, mini projects and
studies were conducted. Last April 20, 2012, Mike Szczys posted in hackaday.com a
project entitled Simple Proximity Sensor. The project was built by Dustin Andrews who
wanted a standalone sensor for his Arduino projects. When an object approaches the
sensor,
this
let
him
alert
the
Arduino.
In
2010,
P.
Marian
posted
in
electroschematics.com a project entitled Invisible Infrared Alarm Circuit. The circuit

7
used infrared light to detect the movement of people through the door. When the
infrared beam breaks, a short beep is generated. It is ideal for monitoring entrance and
exit doors of shops, stalls, and banks where many people are moving. Another project
was posted in electroschematics.com by T.K. Hareendran in the same year, 2010. It
was entitled Power Switch with Infrared Proximity Sensor. It was intended for the
recognition of obstructions at distances of a few millimetres to a few centimetres. It can
be used to open a water tap using a solenoid valve. Jeff Koenig made a project and
posted it in dprg.org last August, 1998 with the title IR Proximity Detector Project. He
used it to improve the detection of infrared light emitting diodes and infrared photo
detectors.
Projects and studies dealing with the use of servo motor were also conducted. In
July, 2011, a servo motor controller mini project was posted in examsadda.com. It was
a simple basic design of servo pulse generator. Last July 11, 2010, a computer
stimulation study on the optimization of linear servo motor used in computer numerical
control (CNC) machines was posted in ieeexplore.ieee.org. As stated in the study, the
double side air-cored permanent magnet linear servo motor (DAPMLSM) is suitable for
high-speed and high-precision servo feed systems. In December, 2002, a servo motorcontrolled bicycle ergometer was designed for studies in Human Biomechanics. The
paper presented the computer-controlled bicycle ergometer called the TiltCycle.
Besides the use of servo motor, the TiltCycle also used sensors to measure the
kinematics and force production of the pedalling work performed.
CHAPTER III
Research Methodology
This chapter contains the materials, procedures, and the scientific explanations
behind this study.
Materials
This is the list of the materials including the quantities, functions, prices, and
illustrations used in the innovation.
Materials
Infrared Proximity
Sensor
Quantity
Servo Motor
Gizduino
9-volt PP3
transistor battery
Function
Works
by
Illustration
detecting
incoming infrared energy
Operates the lid of the bin
Used in programming the

servo motor
Supplies energy to the

3
sensor, motor and light

emitting diode
100
Aluminum Sheets
inches by
110
The material used in the

whole bin
inches
Connects
Connecting Wire
12 m
battery
the
and
sensor,
motor;
compression
the
springs,
battery and LEDs
Battery Clip
Light Emitting
Diode
Socket for the battery
Lights when the bin has

2
reached
Springs
maximum
capacity
Source
Compression
its
of
mechanical
energy that is converted to

electrical energy which is
used to light the LEDs
Sealant
Sticker Paper
10
250 mL
Binds
one
material
to
another
52 inches
Covers the entire trash bin
by 19
for an attractive and user-
inches
friendly look
Figure 1. Design of the Trash Segregator

Procedure
The materials for the trash segregator such as the aluminum sheet that is 110
inches long and 100 inches wide and the sealant were prepared. The aluminum sheet
was cut to form the back support of the bin that is 22 inches wide and 19 inches high.
The sides of the bin were made by cutting two pieces of aluminum sheet with the
following dimensions: 6 inches wide and 19 inches high. The sides were laid down on
the floor. A 3-inch wide and 5-inches long rectangle was traced and cut from the side.
This was done to the other side too. For the base of the trash bin, a 22-inch wide and 6inch long aluminum sheet was cut. Using sealant, the back support, sides, and base
were glued. The passageway for the trashes was made narrower than the storage for
trash as seen in the illustration. This bin was also divided into three compartments
equally. Aluminum sheets were placed inside it to serve as dividers. A drawer was
made for the third compartment for the liquid residue. Springs were also attached at the
bottom part of the first two compartments; above the springs was where the aluminum
sheets were glued. The sheets were not glued to the sides of the bin, only to the
springs. A lid for the bin was made using hinges and aluminum sheets that would fit the
passageway. Hinges and aluminum sheets were also used in making the cover of the
compartment of trashes. The hinges were placed at the top of the compartment so that
it can be opened upward.
11
Two metal conductors were prepared. One metal conductor was placed at the
base of the bin; the other was placed below the aluminum sheet that is placed above
the springs. The negative wire of the battery clip was soldered to the metal conductor at
the base of the bin while the positive wire of the battery clip was connected to the
positive side of the light emitting diodes by long connecting wires. Connecting wires
were also soldered from the metal conductor below the aluminum sheet up to the
aluminum sheet divider of the bin. The connecting wire from the positive side of the LED
was soldered to the aluminum sheet divider also; the energy form the 9 volts battery in
the battery clip will travel to the divider because aluminum is a conductor, and it will be
received by this wire that was connected to the LED. Light was emitted by the LED
every time the springs compress and the metal conductor below the aluminum sheet
above the spring touch the metal conductor at the bottom of the bin. The lid was
operated by the motor every time the sensor detects an object. The energy of the motor
and infrared long range proximity sensor was supplied by the batteries. The gizDuino,
sensor, and motor were secured to the bin using foam tape.
The bin was now ready for testing. Before testing, the connectivity of the sensor,
circuit and motor were checked. The bin was tested by standing in front of it at varying
distances and checking if the sensor responds. To check the bin capacity indicator,
loads of wastes like plastic cups, plastic bottles, and aluminum tin cans were thrown in
the bin. Check each part if the sensor and bin capacity indicator did not work effectively
for there may be errors in programming the sensor, connectivity of the sensor, battery
and motor, or the connectivity of light emitting diodes and batteries.
12
CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Results and Data
This chapter contains the result and analysis of tests conducted in the study.
Table 1. Response of Infrared Long Range Proximity Sensor to an Object with
Respect to its Distance from the Bin
DISTANCE FROM THE BIN
RESPONSE
5 inches
Hardly Responds
10 inches
Responds
15 inches
Responds
20 inches
Responds
25 inches
Responds
30 inches
Responds
35 inches
Hardly Responds
40 inches
Does not respond
45 inches
Does not respond
50 inches
Does not respond
Based on the table above (Table 1), the infrared long range proximity sensor
responds when the object is 10 inches to 30 inches away from the sensor. When the
13
object is 5 inches or 35 inches away from the trash bin, the sensor hardly responds.
When the object is 40 inches to 50 inches away from the trash bin, the sensor does not
respond.
From the given results, the infrared long range proximity sensor only detects
object 30 inches away from the trash bin. Objects beyond 30 inches from the sensor will
not be detected since the sensor only works when an object, within the sensors sensing
range, has interfere the beam of light emitted by the sensor itself.
Table 2. Response of the Light Emitting Diodes to the Weight of Biodegradable
and Non-Biodegradable Wastes
Weight
Biodegradable
Non-Biodegradable
100 grams
200 grams
300 grams
400 grams
Does not
Does not
Does not
Does not
turn on
turn on
turn on
turn on
Does not
Does not
turn on
turn on
Turns on
Turns on
500grams
Turns on
Turns on
Based on the table above, the light emitting diode does not turn on when the
biodegradable wastes weigh 100 grams to 400 grams. When the biodegradable wastes
reach 500 grams, the light emitting diode turns on. The light emitting diode does not turn
on when the non-biodegradable wastes weigh 100 grams to 200 grams. When the nonbiodegradable wastes reach 300 grams to 500 grams, the light emitting diode turns on.
From the given results, the light emitting diode only turns on when the
biodegradable wastes reach 500 grams. The light emitting diodes turn on when the nonbiodegradable wastes weigh 300 grams to 500 grams.
14
CHAPTER V
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
This
chapter
contains
the
summary
of
tests
done,
conclusion
and
recommendations.
Summary
After performing series of tests for the infrared long range proximity sensor and
the bin capacity indicator, the following results were obtained: The sensor attached to
the trash segregator could detect a person, who is 30 inches away from trash bin.
Beyond this distance, the sensor could not detect anymore and the lid will not be
triggered to open. The bin capacity indicator attached to the two compartments will turn
on if: biodegradable wastes weigh 500 grams and non-biodegradable wastes weigh 300
to 500 grams.
Conclusion
This innovation concluded the following: The trash segregator with attached
infrared long range proximity sensor and bin capacity indicator can make segregating
and disposing trash easy. The lid opens and closes smoothly without direct contact to
the person. The liquid residues were not mixed to the wastes. There is no need to check
the compartment from time to time because the light emitting diodes work as bin
capacity indicators, depending on the weight of the wastes inside each compartment.
The infrared long range proximity sensor can detect an object at a certain range of
distance.
Recommendations
Further improvements are required for the advancement of the trash segregator.
Improvements such as increasing the size of the bin will make it store more wastes and
making the passageway of the wastes broader will make throwing larger trash possible.
Additional appropriate container for the sensor, Gizduino, and motor is needed to
prevent short circuit when throwing liquid residues. Using thicker kind of aluminum
15
sheet especially for the cover of the compartments is also recommended so that it will
not bend and expand easily which if happens, affects the functionality of the bin
capacity indicator. Good quality springs that can easily compress are advised for a
better performance of the bin capacity indicator. The infrared long range proximity
sensor cannot only detect people, but also objects, so it is also recommended to use
other kinds of sensor like passive infrared sensor which detects only infrared radiation
coming from the human body.
16
APPENDIX A
The trash segregator
Making the bin capacity indicator
17
Programming the servo motor and infrared long range proximity sensor with Gizduino
Testing the sensing capacity of the infrared long range proximity sensor
18
Bibliography
Hareendran,
T.K.
Invisible
Infrared
Alarm
Circuit,
Sept.
10,
2012
Sept.
10,
2012
http://electroschematics. invisible com/6239/ -alarm/

Koenig,
J.
(1998).
IR
Proximity
Detector
Project.
http://www.dprg.org/projects/1998-08a/
Kris. (2010). e Gizmo Tech Blog, Sept. 07, 2012,
http://e-gizmo.com/wordpress/?p=369
Pradhan,
S.
(2008).
Servo
Control,
Sept.
07,
2012,
http://psimit.igeek.in/servocontrol.php
Smith,
G.
Building
Tools
for
Mindstorms Lego
System,
Sept.
07,
2012,
http://www.g9toengineering.com/AllSaints/infraredproximity.htm
Szczys,
M.
(2012).
Simple
Proximity
Sensor,
Sept.
07,2012,
http://hackaday.com/2012/04/20/simple-proximity-sensor/
Tilden,
E.
Information
on
Volt
Lithium
Batteries,
Sept.
10,2012,
http://www.ehow.com/facts_5891042_information-volt-lithium-batteries.html
Yuqiu Z. (2010) Computer simulation study on optimization of linear servo motor used in
CNC
machines,
Sept.
6,2012,
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=5564980
(2012). Jinyuda Trading, Sept. 10, 2012, http://en.jinyuda.com/news/85.html
(2012).
Servo
Motor
Controller
Mini
Project,
Sept.
10,
2012,
http://www.examsadda.com/2011/05/servo-motor-controller-mini-project.html
19

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CHAPTER I

g9toengineering.com about infrared proximity sensor. An infrared proximity sensor

electroschematics.com a project entitled Invisible Infrared Alarm Circuit. The circuit

incoming infrared energy

Operates the lid of the bin

Used in programming the

Supplies energy to the

sensor, motor and light

The material used in the

battery and LEDs

Socket for the battery

Lights when the bin has

energy that is converted to

Covers the entire trash bin

for an attractive and user-

Figure 1. Design of the Trash Segregator

DISTANCE FROM THE BIN

Does not respond

Does not respond

Does not respond

The trash segregator

Making the bin capacity indicator

http://electroschematics. invisible com/6239/ -alarm/

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