1.

Biomass Filter (FR-101)

Biomass and also coagulated protein is separated from fermentation brooth by rotary
vacuum filtration. Filter is designed with equation (Doran, 2002):
f c
r
t
=
Vf+ f m
2
Vf 2A P
AP

c=

) (

Eq.101

Mc
Vf

= filtration time

Vf

= filtrate volume

= filtrate viscosity

= filter area

= pressure drop across filter

Mc

= total mass of solids in the cake

= average specific cake resistance

rm

= filter medium resistance

= mass of solids deposited per volume of filtrate

The total biomass content in feed is 52180.02 kg (in 286.044 m 3 feed). Biomass cake contains 10
%wt mother liquor, we decided to use 6 units so the filtrate volume is 41.28 m 3. The filter is
designed as such:

Feed temperature = 70C

Operating pressure = 30000 Pa
P = 100000 Pa 30000 Pa = 70000 Pa
s = feed density = 1478.25 kg/m3(calculated by considering feed composition)
f is assumed to be four times water viscosity at 70C. (4)
f = 0.004 Pa.s
cake porosity () value which is get from calculation is 0.0529
Biomass cake is highly compressible. For compressible cakes, cake resistance () is actually
dependent on filter pressure drop. However, due to some unknown variables in cake

resistance calculation, the value of resistance () is assumed.

= 2.6 x 109 m/kg
Mc is divided by Number of Unit which is used (Using 6 Units) which is 8610.58 kg

c is calculated from Mc (8610.58 kg) and Vf (41.28 m3), yield 208.59 kg/m3
t is assumed 2.5 hour.
Filter medium used in this design is coarse filter aids (see table below). Filter medium
resistance rm is calculated:
r m=
cake thickness =

Cake Thickness
filter Permiability

c Vf
s ( 1 ) A

cake thickness =19.1cm

From table A.7., the permeability of coarse filter aids is is 4 x10 -12 m2.Therefore using the

r
equation given, resistance of the filter medium ( m) is 4.78 x 10-14 m/m2.

Table A.1. The Permeability Of Clarifying Filter

(Source: Walas, 1990)

With the Equation 1.1 the calculated value of A is 54.16 m2

From the Filter area data below
54.161910
3
10
16

A
Drum Diameter
Length

m2
ft
ft

581.373945
3.04
4.864

ft2
m
m

The filter drum dimension can be determined with the table below.
Table A.2. Filter Drum Dimension

(Source: Walas, 1990)

From the picture above the possible drum diameter is 12 ft (3.648 m) and the length of
filter drum is 16 ft (4.864 m).
Filtration time has been assumed, the drum rate and knife advanced rate can be
determined from the table below.

Table A.9. Drum & Knife Advanced Rate

(Source : Fluid/Particle Separation Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, April 2000)

From the table below the rotary drum speed is 0.75 Minute per rotation(MPR) and the
advanced knife speed is 5 MPR.
ROTARY VACUUM FILTER I
Identification
Name
Code
Function
Number of Unit
Type
Operating Condition
Feed design capacity (L/batch)
Design temperature (C)
Allowable pressure drop (Pa)
Design Specifications
Cake thickness (cm)
Filter area (m2)
Drum diameter (m)
Drum length (m)
Drum material
Filter cloth
Drum Speed (MPR)

Rotary Vacuum Filter

FR-101
Separating Biomass from Fermentation
Brooth
6
Rotary drum vacuum filter
286,044
60-70
70.000
19,10
45317
3,648
4,864
Carbon steel
Nylon
0.75

Knife Rate (MPR)

2. Calcium Oxalate Filter (FR-102)

Precipitated calcium oxlatae is separated from mother liquor by rotary vacuum
filtration. Filter is designed with Equation 101 .
The total calcium oxalate content in feed is 78418 kg (in 280.145 m 3 feed). Calcium
oxalate cake contains 5 %wt mother liquor, we decided to use 6 units so the filtrate volume is
40.02 m3. The filter is designed as such:

Feed temperature = 70C

Operating pressure = 30000 Pa
P = 100000 Pa 30000 Pa = 70000 Pa
s = feed density = 1466.84 kg/m3(calculated by considering feed composition)
f is assumed to be four times water viscosity at 70C. (4)
f = 0.004 Pa.s
cake porosity () value which is get from calculation is 0.032
Calcium citrate cake is highly compressible. For compressible cakes, cake resistance () is
actually dependent on filter pressure drop. However, due to some unknown variables in cake

resistance calculation, the value of resistance () is assumed.

= 2.6 x 109 m/kg
Mc is divided by Number of Unit which is used (Using 6 Units) which is 13070.67 kg
c is calculated from Mc (13070.67 kg) and Vf (40.02 m3), yield 326.53 kg/m3
t is assumed 2.5 h
Filter medium used in this design is coarse filter aids (see table below). Filter medium
resistance rm is calculated:
r m=
cake thickness =

c Vf
s ( 1 ) A

cake thickness =11.5 cm

Cake Thickness
filter Permiability

From table A.7., the permeability of coarse filter aids is is 4 x10 -12 m2.Therefore using the
r
(
m) is 2.9 x 10-14 m/m2.
equation given, resistance of the filter medium

Table A.3. The Permeability Of Clarifying Filter

(Source: Walas, 1990)

With the Equation 1.1 we get the A value is 65.71 m2

From the Filter area data below
A
Drum Diameter
Length

65.712439
1
12
20

m2
ft
ft

The filter drum dimension can be determined with the table below.
Table A.4. Filter Drum Dimension

705.3573212
3.648
6.08

ft2
m
m

(Source: Walas, 1990)

From the picture above the possible drum diameter is 12 ft (3.648 m) and the length of
filter drum is 20 ft 6.08 m).
Filtration time has been assumed, the drum rate and knife advanced rate can be
determined from the table below.
Table A.9. Drum & Knife Advanced Rate
(Source : Fluid/Particle Separation Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, April 2000)

From the table below the rotary drum speed is 0.75 Minute per rotation(MPR) and the
advanced knife speed is 5 MPR.

ROTARY VACUUM FILTER II

Identification
Name
Code
Function
Number of Unit
Type
Operating Condition
Feed design capacity (L/batch)
Design temperature (C)
Allowable pressure drop (Pa)
Design Specifications
Cake thickness (cm)
Filter area (m2)
Drum diameter (m)
Drum length (m)
Drum material
Filter cloth
Drum Speed (MPR)
Knife Rate (MPR)

Rotary Vacuum Filter

FR-102
Separating Calcium Oxalate from Mother
Liquor
6
Rotary drum vacuum filter
280,145
60-70
70.000
11,5
54.976
3,648
6,08
Carbon steel
Nylon
0.75
5

3. Calcium Citrate Filter (FR-103)

Precipitated calcium citrate is separated from mother liquor by rotary vacuum filtration.
Filter is designed with Equation 101 .
The total calcium citrate content in feed is 234222.9 kg (in 339.1705 m 3 feed). Calcium
oxalate cake contains 5 %wt mother liquor, we decided to use 6 units so the filtrate volume is
32.17 m3. The filter is designed as such:

Feed temperature = 90C

Operating pressure = 30000 Pa
P = 100000 Pa 30000 Pa = 70000 Pa
s = feed density = 1288.69 kg/m3(calculated by considering feed composition)
f is assumed to be four times water viscosity at 90C. (4)
f = 0.002 Pa.s
cake porosity () value which is get from calculation is 0.027
Calcium citrate cake is highly compressible. For compressible cakes, cake resistance () is
actually dependent on filter pressure drop. However, due to some unknown variables in cake

resistance calculation, the value of resistance () is assumed.

= 2.6 x 109 m/kg
Mc is divided by Number of Unit which is used (Using 6 Units) which is 6520.39 kg
c is calculated from Mc (6520.39 kg) and Vf (32.17 m3), yield 326.53 kg/m3
t is assumed 3.5 h
Filter medium used in this design is coarse filter aids (see table below). Filter medium
resistance rm is calculated:
r m=
cake thickness =

c Vf
s ( 1 ) A

Cake Thickness
filter Permiability

cake thickness =14.54 cm

From table A.7., the permeability of coarse filter aids is is 4 x10 -12 m2.Therefore using the
r
(
m) is 7.27 x 10-14 m/m2.
equation given, resistance of the filter medium

Table A.5. The Permeability Of Clarifying Filter

(Source: Walas, 1990)

With the Equation 1.1 we get the A value is 84.845 m2

From the Filter area data below
A
Drum Diameter
Length

84.84463
2
24
12

m2
ft
ft

The filter drum dimension can be determined with the table below.
Table A.6. Filter Drum Dimension

910.7222796
7.296
3.648

ft2
m
m

(Source: Walas, 1990)

From the picture above the possible drum diameter is 12 ft (3.648 m) and the length of
filter drum is 24 ft (7.296 m).
Filtration time has been assumed, the drum rate and knife advanced rate can be
determined from the table below.
Table A.9. Drum & Knife Advanced Rate
(Source : Fluid/Particle Separation Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, April 2000)

From the table below the rotary drum speed is 3.5 Minute per rotation(MPR) and the
advanced knife speed is 12 MPR.

ROTARY VACUUM FILTER III

Identification
Name
Code
Function
Number of Unit
Type
Operating Condition
Feed design capacity (L/batch)
Design temperature (C)
Allowable pressure drop (Pa)
Design Specifications
Cake thickness (cm)
Filter area (m2)
Drum diameter (m)
Drum length (m)
Drum material
Filter cloth
Drum Speed (MPR)
Knife Rate (MPR)

Rotary Vacuum Filter

FR-103
Separating Calcium Citrate from Mother
Liquor
6
Rotary drum vacuum filter
339,170
80-90
70.000
14.54
84.845
3,648
7,296
Carbon steel
Nylon
3.5
12

4. Calcium Citrate Filter (FR-104)

Precipitated gypsum is separated from mother liquor by rotary vacuum filtration. Filter
is designed with Equation 101 .
The total gypsum content in feed is 192093.8 kg (in 475.2841 m 3 feed). Calcium
oxalate cake contains 10 %wt mother liquor, we decided to use 10 units so the filtrate volume is
37.114 m3. The filter is designed as such:

Feed temperature = 7t0C

Operating pressure = 30000 Pa
P = 100000 Pa 30000 Pa = 70000 Pa
s = feed density = 1459.79 kg/m3(calculated by considering feed composition)
f is assumed to be four times water viscosity at 70C.
(4)f = 0.004 Pa.s
cake porosity () value which is get from calculation is 0.795
Calcium citrate cake is highly compressible. For compressible cakes, cake resistance () is
actually dependent on filter pressure drop. However, due to some unknown variables in cake

resistance calculation, the value of resistance () is assumed.

= 2.6 x 109 m/kg
Mc is divided by Number of Unit which is used (Using 6 Units) which is 19209.38 kg
c is calculated from Mc (19209.38 kg) and Vf (37.11 m3), yield 517.58 kg/m3
t is assumed 6.3 h
Filter medium used in this design is coarse filter aids (see table below). Filter medium
resistance rm is calculated:
r m=
cake thickness =

c Vf
s ( 1 ) A

Cake Thickness
filter Permiability

cake thickness =17.44 cm

From table A.7., the permeability of coarse filter aids is is 4 x10 -12 m2.Therefore using the
r
(
m) is 4.36 x 10-14 m/m2.
equation given, resistance of the filter medium

Table A.7. The Permeability Of Clarifying Filter

(Source: Walas, 1990)

With the Equation 1.1 we get the A value is 84.845 m2

From the Filter area data below
A
Drum Diameter
Length

84.84463
2
24
12

m2
ft
ft

The filter drum dimension can be determined with the table below.
Table A.8. Filter Drum Dimension

910.7222796
7.296
3.648

ft2
m
m

(Source: Walas, 1990)

From the picture above the possible drum diameter is 12 ft (3.648 m) and the length of
filter drum is 24 ft (7.296 m).
Filtration time has been assumed, the drum rate and knife advanced rate can be
determined from the table below.
Table A.9. Drum & Knife Advanced Rate
(Source : Fluid/Particle Separation Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, April 2000)

From the table below the rotary drum speed is 0.75 Minute per rotation(MPR) and the
advanced knife speed is 2 MPR.

ROTARY VACUUM FILTER IV

Identification
Name
Code
Function
Number of Unit
Type
Operating Condition
Feed design capacity (L/batch)
Design temperature (C)
Allowable pressure drop (Pa)
Design Specifications
Cake thickness (cm)
Filter area (m2)
Drum diameter (m)
Drum length (m)
Drum material
Filter cloth
Drum Speed (MPR)
Knife Rate (MPR)

Rotary Vacuum Filter

FR-104
Separating Calcium Citrate from Mother
Liquor
10
Rotary drum vacuum filter
475,2841
60-70
70.070
17.44
84.845
3,648
7,296
Stainless steel
Nylon
0.75
2