1.

A 50-year-old physician is recovering from aseptic meningitis that began two

weeks ago. He appears to have lost considerable cognitive function, and he says
he will not go on living if his cognitive ability remains compromised. To
demonstrate to him that recovery is occurring, serial evaluations with which of
the following psychological assessments is indicated?
A. Halstead-Reitan Battery
B. Stanford Binet Intelligence Test
C. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale
D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
E. Wide Range Achievement Test
2. A young child is able to walk when held by one hand and speaks in strings of
unrecognizable words. When placed in a room with other children, the child
stays close to his mother but plays by himself. Based on these observations, in
the next six to eight months the child is most likely to learn to
(A) ride a tricycle
(B) stand on his tiptoes
( C) draw a circle
(D) build a tower of three blocks
(E) play peek-a-boo

3. An oncologist tells his patient that her laboratory results support a diagnosis
of advanced malignant melanoma with multiple metastases to the. liver and
brain. He also advises her that the prognosis is poor. Which of the following is
most likely to be the first statement that the patient will make?
(A) "Can you keep me. alive until my daughter graduates from medical school?"
(B) "Damn you doctor, you should have caught this earlier!
(C) "Doctor, you.mustbe wrong."
(D) "I think it is timethat I make a will and say goodbye to everyone."

(E) "It's no use, I always lose and get the short end of the. stick."

4. Which of the following would most likely be considered an example of an

objective, criterion-referenced test?
a. California Personality Inventory
b. Halsted-Reitan Battery
c. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
d. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
e. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Revised (WASIS-R)

5. For the average adult, most sleep time is spent in what stage of sleep?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4
e. REM

6. A 20-year-old woman sees her baby cousin for the first time. As she attempts
to play with the infant, he begins to cry incessantly. Which of the following is
the most likely age of this infant?
(A) 1-4months
(B) 6-9 months
(C) 9-12 months
(D) 13-16 months
(E) 17-20 months

7. A woman has difficulty going to sleep each night. She decides that the noise
of the traffic outside her home is keeping her awake. She shuts the bedroom
window, the noise is muffled, and she is able to go to sleep. Shutting the
bedroom window becomes a nightly routine. She most likely continues to shut
the window each night because of which of the following behavioral principles?
A.

Classical conditioning

B.

Extinction

C.

Negative reinforcement

D.

Positive reinforcement

E.

Secondary reinforcement

8. Although at first, a heroin user may take the drug in order to experience the
drug-induced high, the heroin addict seeks his daily fix, not to feel good, but to
avoid the pain of withdrawal. From this perspective, the type of reinforcement
that most contributes to the maintenance of heroin addiction is which of the
following?
A.

Classical conditioning

B.

Extinction

C.

Negative reinforcement

D.

Positive reinforcement

E.

Punishment

Questions 911
For the past year, pizza has been sold from a white van outside a high school.
The teenage students complain that they are often embarrassed because their
stomachs begin to growl whenever they see any white vehicle, even on
weekends. The principal then bans the van from selling pizza near the school
and the students' stomachs stop growling at the sight of white vehicles.
9. For this scenario, which element represents the unconditioned response?
(A) Stomach growling in response to the white van

(B) Stomach growling in response to pizza

(C) The white van
(D) Pairing the white van with getting pizza
(E) Pizza

10. For this scenario, which element represents the unconditioned stimulus?
(A) Stomach growling in response to the white van
(B) Stomach growling in response to pizza
(C) The white van
(D) Pairing the white van with getting pizza
(E) Pizza
View Answer
11. For this scenario, which element represents the conditioned stimulus?
(A) Stomach growling in response to the white van
(B) Stomach growling in response to pizza
(C) The white van
(D) Pairing the white van with getting pizza
(E) Pizza

12. As the physician enters the room, the patient sits quietly and says nothing.
The physician greets the patient and then says, "You seem very quiet today."
This statement by the physician would most likely be considered an example of
which of the following?
A. Confrontation
B. Directed action
C. Facilitation
D. Leading question
E. Redirection

13.

Ans: G

14. Before the beginning of a gynecological examination, the patient asks her
physician if they can stop and have a short prayer together before proceeding.
The physician is not an especially religious person. The best course of action on
the part of the physician would be to do which of the following?
A. Ask the patient why she thinks this is necessary
B. Ask the patient if there is some particular issue that may be causing her
anxiety
C. Begin saying a prayer and ask the patient to follow along
D. Explain to the patient that this is not part of normal medical procedure
E. Find out what sort of prayer the patient would like to have
F. Offer to wait quietly while the patient prays

15.

ANS:B

16. A 28-year-old male patient is brought to the emergency room after a fight in
which he attacked a man who cut into his line at the supermarket checkout. In
the emergency room he remains assaultive and combative. The body fluids of
this patient are most likely to show
(A) increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl- glycol (MHPG)
(B) decreased MHPG
(C) increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
(D) decreased 5-HIAA
(E) decreased homovanillic acid (HVA)

17. A 24-year-old man sustains a head injury in an automobile accident. His

father relates that prior to the accident, the patient was respectful, modest,
controlled, and hard working. In the hospital, the patient is rude to the nurses
and aides, loses his temper with the slightest provocation, and refuses to wear a
hospital gown or anything else. These behavioral changes after the accident
indicate that the area of the brain most likely to have been injured in this patient
is the
(A) dorsolateral convexity of the frontal lobe

(B) hypothalamus
(C) orbitofrontal cortex
(D) reticular system
(E) amygdala
(F) nucleus basalis of Meynert

18. Analysis of the blood plasma of a 45-year-old male patient shows increased
concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA). This elevation is most likely to be
associated which of the following conditions?
(A) Parkinson disease
(B) Depression
(C) Bulimia
(D) Pheochromocytoma
(E) Schizophrenia

19. To determine whether a 3-month-old infant is able to hear sounds, the most
appropriate diagnostic technique is .
(A) PET
(B) CT
(C) amobarbital sodium [Amytal] interview
(D) EEG
(E) evoked EEG

20. A man reports that he often awakens in the morning and finds himself
unable to move. Only when his wife pushes him over on his side does he regain
his ability to move. Based on this information, the most likely preliminary
diagnosis for this man would be which of the following?

A.

Central sleep apnea

B.

Narcolepsy

C.

Sleep inertia

D.

Somnambulism

E.

Withdrawal from substance abuse

21. A child is observed walking down the stairs using alternating feet, can throw
and catch a ball, states her gender accurately, and is able to correctly name the
colors of presented objects. Based on this evidence, which of the following
geometric shapes did the child most recently learn to draw?
(A) Cross
(B) Diamond
(C) Square
{D) Triangle
(E) Circle

Q 22-25 For each age below, select the psychosocial crisis, as described by
Erikson, with which it is most likely to be associated.
(A) Identity versus role confusion (B) Generativity versus stagnation (C)
Integrity versus despair (D) Initiative versus guilt (E) Industry versus inferiority
22. 5 years of age ANS:E
23. 15 years of age ANS:A
24. 40 years of age ANS:B
25. 65 years of age ANS:C

26. A 6-year-old child has an IQ of 50. The mental age of this child is
equivalent to that of a child aged
(A) 2 years
(B) 3 years
(C) 4 years
(D) 5 years
(E) 7 years
27. The mother of a 3-year-old child tells you that although she instructs the
child to sit still at the dinner table, the child cannot seem to do so for more than
10 minutes at a time. She squirms in her seat and gets out of her chair. The
child's motor and verbal skills are appropriate for her age. Which of the
following best fits this picture?
(A) Separation anxiety disorder
(B) Normal behavior
(C) Delayed development
(D) Lack of basic trust
(E) ADHD

28. During a sleep study a physician discovers that a patient shows too little
REM sleep during the night. In order to increase REM sleep the physician
should give the patient a medication aimed at increasing circulating levels of
(A) serotonin
(B) norepinephrine
(C) acetylcholine
(D) dopamine
(E) histamine

29. A physician is conducting a school physical on a normal l0-year-old girl.

When interviewing the child, the physician is most likely to find which of the
following psychological characteristics?
(A) Lack of conscience formation
(B) Poor capacity for logical thought
(C) Identification with her father
(D) Relatively stronger importance of friends over family when compared
to children of younger ages
(E) No preference with respect for the sex of playmates

30. For each set of symptoms, select the substance-related disorder in which it is
commonly seen.
(A) Alcohol intoxication
(B) Amphetamine intoxication
(C) Hallucinogen intoxication
(D) Opioid intoxication
(E) Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication
5. Euphoria, hypervigilance, dilated pupils, and cardiac arrhythmia ANS:B
6. Apathy, pupillary constriction, drowsiness, slurred speech ANS: D
7. Labile mood, slurred speech, unsteady gait, nystagmus . ANS:E

31. A 20-year-old female patient tells the doctor that she has little interest in
going back to school or in getting a job. She also reports that she often craves
snack food and has gained over 10 pounds in the last 4 months. What substance
is this patient is most likely to be using?
(A) Phencyclidine (PCP)
(B) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

(C) Marijuana
(D) Cocaine
(E) Heroin

32. A 22-year-old student tells the doctor that he has been using "speed" nightly.
Which of the following outcomes is the student most likely to report?
(A) Increased fatigue
(B) Decreased pain threshold
(C) Increased appetite
(D) Decreased body weight
(E) Decreased libido

33.

ANS:A

34.

ANS:D
35.

ANS:B
36. According to recent data, the most common known cause for mental
retardation in the United States is which of the following?
A.

Down syndrome

B.

Fetal alcohol syndrome

C.

Fragile X syndrome

D.

Intracranial hemorrhage

E.

Reye syndrome

37. A woman reports that most nights during the last year she has lain awake in
bed for more than 2 hours before she falls asleep. After these nights, she is tired
and forgetful and makes mistakes at work. Of the following, the most effective
long-term treatment for this woman is
(A) continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)
(B) an antipsychotic agent
(C) a sedative agent
(D) a stimulant agent
(E) development of a "sleep ritual"

38. A patient reports that he is sleepy all day despite having 8 hours of sleep
each night. His wife reports that his loud snoring keeps her awake. Of the
following, the best treatment for this patient is
(A) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
(B) an antipsychotic agent
(C) a sedative agent
(D) a stimulant agent
(E) development of a "sleep ritual"

39. A 40-year-old man develops depressed mood, anhedonia, initial and

terminal insomnia, loss of appetite, a 10-lb weight loss, and difficulty with
sexual arousal. The clinical features of the patients psychiatric illness suggest
dysfunction of the
a. Frontal lobes
b. Pituitary

c. Hippocampus
d. Hypothalamus
e. Corpus callosum

Questions 40-44. Match the following

a. Hypothalamus
b. Amygdala
c. Nucleus basalis of Meynert
d. Mesolimbic circuit
e. Hippocampus
40. A 22-year-old woman with an inoperable craniopharyngioma has become
grossly obese and experiences rapid fluctuation of body temperature. ANS:A
41. A 34-year old homeless man with a chronic psychiatric disorder hears the
voices of the angels and believes he is the New Savior. ANS:D
42. A 17-year-old male cannot remember anything that happened after he
recovered from a bout of encephalitis, but he has no difficulties with remote
memories. ANS:E
43. A 70-year-old retired librarian lives in a nursing home because she cannot
take care of herself. She does not recognize her children anymore, she gets lost
in her own room, and requires help for showering and dressing. ANS:C
44. An 82-year-old woman at the late stage of dementing disorder roams her
nursing home touching and licking everything she passes, over and over again.
She is placid and nothing seems to frighten her. ANS:B

45. A father scolds his child when she hits the dog. The child stops hitting the
dog. This change in the child's behavior is most likely to be a result of
(A) punishment
(B) negative reinforcement

(C) positive reinforcement

(D) shaping
(E) classical conditioning
(F) extinction
(G) sensitization
(H) habituation
46. Although a father spanks his child when she hits the dog, the child continues
to hit the dog. This child's hitting behavior is most likely to be a result of
(A) punishment
(B) negative reinforcement
(C) positive reinforcement
(D) shaping
(E) classical conditioning
(F) extinction
(G) sensitization
(H) habituation

A 50-year-old physician is recovering from aseptic meningitis that began two weeks ago. He appears
to have lost
considerable cognitive function, and he says he will not go on living if his cognitive ability
remains compromised.
To demonstrate to him that recovery is occurring, serial evaluations with which of the following
psychological
assessments is indicated?

A. Halstead-Reitan Battery

B. Stanford Binet Intelligence Test

C. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale

D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

E. Wide Range Achievement Test

Explanation:

The correct answer is A. The Halstead-Reitan Battery is a group of tests that reflects the basic
and higher level
cognitive and neuro-sensory functioning of the entire brain, and can be used in a serial fashion
with little
learning effect being present. Since there is recovery of function for up to 2 years post CNStrauma, test results
can demonstrate that the present loss the patient is experiencing is not permanent.

The Stanford Binet Intelligence Test (choice B), used in the adult, mainly reflects verbal skills
and consequently
would miss large portions of this man's situation.

The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (choice C) assesses developmental and social functioning,
not cognitive
and neuro-sensory abilities.

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (choice D) confines its results to intelligence assessment
and does not

assess more basic issues like aphasia and neuro-sensory skills.

The Wide Range Achievement Test (choice E) assesses academic achievement only.

A 27-year-old swimmer who feels insecure about her athletic abilities harshly criticizes her
teammates'
techniques. Which of the following ego defense mechanisms is she displaying?

A. Displacement

B. Projection

C. Reaction formation

D. Repression

E. Sublimation

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. Projection involves attributing one's own traits, feelings, and attitudes
to someone
else. This 27-year-old swimmer's harsh criticism of her teammates' abilities is a reflection of her
personal

feeling of incompetence. (Doubts about her own ability are translated into doubts about her
teammates'
aptitude.)

Displacement (choice A) involves the automatic transferring of a wish or an affect from one
object to a
substitute. For example, a man who is angry at his wife releases his hostility by kicking the
table.

Reaction formation (choice C) involves turning a repressed impulse or unconscious wish to its
opposite. For
example, a man who is attracted to his brother's wife develops an aversion to her personality.

Repression (choice D) occurs when the conflicting thought or feeling is automatically hidden
from the person's
awareness. Forgetting an emotionally charged event is an example of repression.

Sublimation (choice E) is a very mature mechanism that involves consciously turning socially
unacceptable
impulses into acceptable or more benign forms. For example, a young college girl immerses
herself in athletics
rather than engage in premarital sex.

-year-old patient is given a battery of neuropsychological tests. He scores 85 on the Wechsler Adult

Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Verbal IQ, 135 on the Performance IQ test, and 125 on the Wechsler
Memory Scale
test. Which of the following is the most likely site of his brain dysfunction?

A. Bilateral frontal lobes

B. Bilateral hippocampal gyri

C. Bilateral occipital lobes

D. Left hemisphere

E. Right hemisphere

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. The pattern presented suggests this person is having difficulties with
verbal material
(WAIS verbal IQ of 85) but not with visual-spatial tasks (performance IQ) or memory (Wechsler
memory scale).
Since the left hemisphere is dominant for speech and verbal material in the majority of
individuals, the lesion is
most likely in the left hemisphere.

Choice A is incorrect since the frontal lobes control socially appropriate behavior, sequencing,
and future
planning. There is no indication that these are deficient in this person.

Since memory is intact, a lesion in the bilateral hippocampal gyri (choice B) is unlikely.

Bilateral occipital lesions (choice C) would produce problems with visual recognition, which are
not apparent in
this person.

The right hemisphere (choice E) is related to control of visual-spatial functions (e.g., map
reading, locating
oneself in space, etc.), rather than verbal ability.

There is a classic zoo story about a cage with three monkeys in it. The largest monkey steals the
middle-sized
monkey's banana. The middle-sized monkey then screams with rage, hits the smallest monkey
on the head, and
then steals his banana. The middle-sized monkey is using which of the following mechanisms of
defense?

A. Displacement

B. Projection

C. Reaction formation

D. Regression

E. Repression

Explanation:

The correct answer is A. This is an example of displacement. In this defense mechanism, there is
a transfer of
emotion from a person, object, or situation with which it is appropriately associated to another
that causes less
distress. Displacement is common and often destructive to other individuals, such as when a
man is fired from
his job and subsequently beats his wife or children. In the medical setting, the hospital staff is a
frequent target
of displacement when family members react to their own feelings of guilt about someone's
death.

Projection (choice B) occurs when someone attributes his or her own thoughts to a different
person.

Reaction formation (choice C) is the unconscious adoption of behavior opposite to one's true
feelings.

Regression (choice D) is the adoption of behavior more appropriate to a younger age.

Repression (choice E) is the deeply subconscious blocking of memories or emotions.