SWISS GERMAN UNI

VERRSITY

CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT

Subject
Instructors
Faculty

: Chemistry
: Dr. Ing. Evita Legowo, Tabligh Permana S.Si., Silvya Yusri
S.Si.
: Life Sciences and Technology/PE, SEE, BE, and FT

Date of
Experiment

: September 21st , 2014

Date of Lab.
Report

Semester

:1

Experiment :

SOLUBILITY AND SEPARATION OF IONIC

COMPOUNDS IN A SOLUTION

PARTICIPANTS:
1. Diaz Marsya Puspita
2. Jennifer Sunardi
3. William

Swiss German University

EduTownBSDCity
Tangerang Selatan 15339
INDONESIA

Tel.
0045
Fax.
0001

+62 21 3045
+62 21 3045
info@sgu.ac.id
www.sgu.ac.id

I.

Objective
1. The derivation and writing of ionic equations.
2. Separation and identification of cations in an unknown mixture.

II.

Equipment
- Pipette
- Filter paper
- Watch glass
- Funnel
- Volumetric flask 100 ml
- Wash bottle

III.

Chemicals
- Unknown sample that contains at minimum one of these ion

2+
,
Cu

+
Ag ,

2+
,
Ba

2+

Na

HNO 3

HCl

H 2 SO 4

1M

NaOH

1M

1M
1M

- Aquadest
IV.

Procedure
1. Dissolve your sample in

HNO 3 1M.

2. Check the color of the solution; if it is blue, this is a hint for the presence of
Cu.
3. Add 10 drops of 1M HCl. If Ag is present precipitation starts. Wait until the
precipitation is finished and add two more drops of HCl to make sure, that the
reaction is completed.
4. Filtrate the solution.
5. Add 10 drops of 1M

H 2 SO 4

solution to your sample. If Ba is present

precipitation starts. Wait until the precipitation is finished and add two more
drops of

H 2 SO 4

to make sure, that the reaction is completed.

6. Filtrate the solution.

Page 2 of 5

7. Add 1M NaOH to the solution until you reach a pH value of 13. If Cu is present
precipitation starts. Wait until the precipitation is finished and let the solution
boil for several minutes.

V.

Data

Reactions

Color change

Precipitatio

Notes

1
2

Sample + HNO3
Sample + HCl

Blue
Light Blue

Cu exists
Ag doesnt

3
4

Sample + H2SO4
Sample + NaOH

Cloudy white
Blue

exist
Ba exists
Cu exists

n
VI.

Analysis

and

Discussion
Scheme of
Ionic:

Separation by precipitation

2+

2+ , Na
Ba

+
2+ , Na
2+ , Cu

+ , Ba
HCl
(aq)
Ag

Flame test

Decantate

2+

Cu

Precipitate
AgCl(s )

+
2+ , Na
2+ , Cu

Ba
Na2 SO 4 (aq )
Precipitate

Blue color

Decantate
+
2+ , Na
Cu

BaSO 4 (aq)

NaOH (aq )

Decantate
+
Na

Precipitate
Cu ( OH )2(s)

Page 3 of 5

Discussion
One of the methods chemists used to figure out what chemicals are in the
compound or solution is using fractional precipitation method. It takes
advantage of the different solubilities of ions to determine which ions are
present in a solution. Some examples to test for certain ions are using color
change, solid formation and other visible changes.
Qualitative Analysis
1. First experiment: does Cu exist?
If theres Cu in the solution, the balance reaction would be:
2+

: Cu(aq)

Molecular
Ionic

: Cu

2+

(aq)

+2

HNO3 (aq)

+ 2H+(aq) + 2NO3-

(aq)

Cu(NO3)2

(aq)

+2 H+(aq)

Net ionic :
2. Second experiment: does Ag exist?
If theres Ag in the solution, the balance reaction would be:
: Cu2+(aq) + 2HCl(aq) CuCl2(aq) + 2H+(aq)

Molecular
Ionic

Net ionic :
Ag doesnt exist because CuCl2(aq) is soluble, therefore precipitation
doesnt occur and Ag doesnt exist.
3. Third experiment: does Ba exist?
: Cu2+(aq) + H2SO4

Molecular
Ionic

: Cu2+(aq) +2H+(aq)

Net ionic : Cu2+(aq) +

(aq)

SO 4(aq)
+

CuSO4(s)+ 2H+(aq)
CuSO4(s)+ 2H+(aq)

2
SO 4(aq)
CuSO4(s)

CuSO4(s) is insoluble, therefore precipitation occurs and Ba exists.

4. Fourth experiment:
NaOH 1M was added in the solution sample and in a base condition (pH
=13) the precipitation process occured. It is a hint of the presence of Cu.
The blue jelly was formed after the reaction when the value of PH
reached 13.
Page 4 of 5

Molecular
Ionic

: Cu2+(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Cu(OH)2(s) + 2Na+(aq)

: 2Na+

(aq)

+ 2OH-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) Cu(OH)2(s) + 2 Na+(aq)

Net ionic : Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Cu(OH)2(s)

The substance was boiled on the hotplate and the color changed into dark
brown.
The chemical reaction when the Cu(OH) 2 was boiling :
Cu(OH)2(aq) CuO(s) + 2OH-

(aq)

The dark brown substance is indicating the presence of CuO.

VII.

Conclusion
From the experiment, it can be identified the composition which is contain in the
unknown sample. To sum up, Cu2+ is the action of the unknown sample.

VIII.

References
Brady Senese, Chemistry Matter And Its Changes Fourth Edition 2004 John Wiley and
Sons Chapters. 19
Steven L. Murov: Experiments in General Chemistry Thomson Bookstore 2004 p 97ff

Page 5 of 5