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Advance Design
Validation Guide
Version: 2016
Tests passed on: 17 June 2015
Number of tests: 606
INTRODUCTION
Before being officially released, each version of GRAITEC software, including
Advance Design, undergoes a series of validation tests. This validation is performed in
parallel and in addition to manual testing and beta testing, in order to obtain the
"operational version" status. This document contains a description of the automatic
tests, highlighting the theoretical background and the results we have obtained using
the current software release.
Usually, a test is made of a reference (independent from the specific software version
tested), a transformation (a calculation or a data processing scenario), a result (given
by the specific software version tested) and a difference usually measured in
percentage as a drift from a set of reference values. Depending on the cases, the
used reference is either a theoretical calculation done manually, a sample taken from
the technical literature, or the result of a previous version considered as good by
experience.
Starting with version 2012, Graitec Advance has made significant steps forward in term of
quality management by extending the scope and automating the testing process.
While in previous versions, the tests were always about the calculation results which
were compared to a reference set, starting with version 2012, tests have been
extended to user interface behavior, import/export procedures, etc.
The next major improvement is the capacity to pass the tests automatically. These
current tests have obviously been passed on the operational version, but they are
actually passed on a daily basis during the development process, which helps improve
the daily quality by solving potential issues, immediately after they have been
introduced in the code.
In the field of structural analysis and design, software users must keep in mind that the
results highly depend on the modeling (especially when dealing with finite elements)
and on the settings of the numerous assumptions and options available in the
software. A software package cannot replace engineers experience and analysis.
Despite all our efforts in term of quality management, we cannot guaranty the correct
behavior and the validity of the results issued by Advance Design in any situation.
With this validation guide, we are providing a set of concrete test cases showing the
behavior of Advance Design in various areas and various conditions. The tests cover
a wide field of expertise: modeling, climatic load generation according to Eurocode 1,
combinations management, meshing, finite element calculation, reinforced concrete
design according to Eurocode 2, steel member design according to Eurocode 3, steel
connection design according to Eurocode 3, timber member design according to
Eurocode 5, seismic analysis according to Eurocode 8, report generation, import /
export procedures and user interface behavior.
We hope that this guide will highly contribute to the knowledge and the confidence you
are placing in Advance Design.
Manuel LIEDOT
Chief Product Office
Contents
1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
Short beam on simple supports (on the neutral axis) (01-0017SDLLB_FEM) ..............................................46
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
Annular thin plate fixed on a hub (repetitive circular structure) (01-0022SDLSB_FEM) ............................111
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
Beam on two supports considering the shear force (01-0041SSLLB_FEM) ............................................. 141
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
Simply supported square plate under a uniform load (01-0051SSLSB_FEM) .......................................... 157
1.44
1.45
1.46
Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0053SSLSB_FEM) ................................... 164
1.47
A plate (0.01 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (01-0057SSLSB_FEM)..... 166
1.48
A plate (0.02 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (01-0059SSLSB_FEM)..... 168
1.49
1.50
Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments (01-0054SSLSB_FEM) .... 173
1.51
A plate (0.01333 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (01-0058SSLSB_FEM) ...... 175
1.52
1.53
Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0052SSLSB_FEM) ................................... 179
1.54
1.55
A plate (0.01333 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0063SSLSB_FEM) ... 184
1.56
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in space (case 1) (01-0067SDLLB_FEM) ...................................... 187
1.57
A plate (0.1 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (01-0061SSLSB_FEM)....... 190
1.58
A plate (0.05 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0065SSLSB_FEM) ......... 192
1.59
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in space (case 3) (01-0069SDLLB_FEM) ...................................... 194
1.60
Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Columns) (01-0078SSLPB_FEM) . 197
1.61
A plate (0.01 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0062SSLSB_FEM) ......... 199
1.62
A plate (0.1 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0066SSLSB_FEM) ........... 202
1.63
Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Rafters) (01-0077SSLPB_FEM) .... 204
1.64
A plate (0.05 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (01-0060SSLSB_FEM)..... 206
1.65
A plate (0.02 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0064SSLSB_FEM) ......... 208
1.66
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in space (case 2) (01-0068SDLLB_FEM) ...................................... 211
1.67
1.68
1.69
Slender beam of variable rectangular section with fixed-free ends (=5) (01-0085SDLLB_FEM) ............ 221
1.70
Cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling with thermal load (01-0092HFLLB_FEM) ....................................... 226
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
Double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load (01-0091HFLLB_FEM) ................................250
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86 Linear element in combined bending/tension - without compressed reinforcements - Partially tensioned
section (02-0158SSLLB_B91) ..............................................................................................................................287
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
2.2
2.3
Verifying the visualisation of supports with rotational or moving DoFs.(TTAD #13891) ..............................326
2.4
Verifying the annotations dimensions when new analysis is made.(TTAD #14825) ...................................326
2.5 Verifying the dimensions and position of annotations on selection when new analysis is made.(TTAD
#12807) ................................................................................................................................................................326
2.6
Verifying the saved view of elements with annotations. (TTAD #13033) ...................................................326
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
Verifying the snap points behavior during modeling (TTAD #11458) ........................................................328
2.15
Verifying the representation of elements with HEA cross section (TTAD #11328) ....................................328
2.16
2.17
Verifying the display of elements with compound cross sections (TTAD #11486).....................................328
9
2.18
Verifying the descriptive model display after post processing results in analysis mode (TTAD #11475) .. 329
2.19
Modeling using the tracking snap mode (TTAD #10979) .......................................................................... 329
2.20
Verifying holes in horizontal planar elements after changing the level height (TTAD #11490) ................. 329
2.21
Turning on/off the "ghost" rendering mode (TTAD #11999) ...................................................................... 329
2.22
Verifying the "ghost display on selection" function for saved views (TTAD #12054) ................................. 329
2.23
Moving a linear element along with the support (TTAD #12110) .............................................................. 329
2.24
Verifying the "ghost" display after changing the display colors (TTAD #12064) ........................................ 330
2.25
2.26
Verifying the fixed load scale function (TTAD #12183). ............................................................................ 330
2.27
2.28
Verifying the saved view of elements by cross-section. (TTAD #13197) ................................................ 330
2.29
2.30
Verifying the dividing of planar elements which contain openings (TTAD #12229) ................................... 331
2.31
Verifying the program behavior when trying to create lintel (TTAD #12062) ............................................. 331
2.32 Verifying the program behavior when launching the analysis on a model with overlapped loads (TTAD
#11837) ................................................................................................................................................................ 331
2.33
Verifying the display of punctual loads after changing the load case number (TTAD #11958) ................. 331
2.34
2.35
Creating base plate connections for non-vertical columns (TTAD #12170) .............................................. 331
2.36
2.37
Verifying rotation for steel beam with joint (TTAD #12592) ....................................................................... 332
2.38
EC1: Generating snow loads on two side by side buildings with gutters (TTAD #12806) .......................... 334
3.2 EC1: Generating wind loads on a square based structure according to UK standards (BS EN 1991-14:2005) (TTAD #12608) ....................................................................................................................................... 334
3.3
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes with gutters building (TTAD #12716) ..................................... 334
3.4
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and parapets. (TTAD #12878) ................ 334
3.5
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12835) ....................................... 334
3.6
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters (TTAD #12528) .......................................... 335
3.7 EC1: generating wind loads on a square based lattice structure with compound profiles and automatic
calculation of "n" (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12744) ...................................................................................... 335
3.8
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes with gutters building. (TTAD #12719) .................................... 335
3.9
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12841) ....................................... 335
3.10
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12808) ...................................... 335
3.11
EC1: Generating snow loads on a single slope with lateral parapets (TTAD #12606) .............................. 336
3.12
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters (TTAD #12528)......................................... 336
3.13 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3 slopes 3D portal frame with parapets (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA) (TTAD
#11111) ................................................................................................................................................................ 336
10
3.14 EC1: generating wind loads on a 3D portal frame with one slope roof (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT : 3.2 Wind - Example B) ................................................................................................................................................336
3.15 EC1: wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles and user defined "n" (NF
EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12276) ........................................................................................................................336
3.16 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT : 3.3 - Wind Example C) ...........................................................................................................................................................337
3.17 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA) (VT : 3.4 - Snow Example A) ...........................................................................................................................................................337
3.18 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT : 3.1 - Wind Example A) ...........................................................................................................................................................337
3.19
EC1: Verifying the wind loads generated on a building with protruding roof (TTAD #12071, #12278) ......337
3.20 EC1: generating wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles and automatic
calculation of "n" (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12276) ......................................................................................337
3.21
EC1: Verifying the geometry of wind loads on an irregular shed. (TTAD #12233) ....................................338
3.22
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 almost horizontal slope building. (TTAD #13663) .............................338
3.23 EC1: snow load generation on building with 2 slopes > 60 degrees according to Czech national annex.
(TTAD #14235) .....................................................................................................................................................338
3.24
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with different height (TTAD 13159) ....338
3.25
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets. (TTAD #14179) ......................................338
3.26
3.27
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with parapets. (TTAD #13671) ..................................339
3.28
EC1: wind load generation on portal with CsCd set to auto (TTAD #12823) .............................................339
3.29
EC1: generating wind loads on a canopy according to Eurocodes 1 - French standard. (TTAD #13855) .339
3.30
EC1: Generating wind loads on a single-roof volume compound with parapets. (TTAD #13672) .............339
3.31
EC1: Generating snow loads on a shed with parapets. (TTAD #12494) ...................................................340
3.32 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with double slope roof using different parameters defined per
directions (DEV2013#4.2).....................................................................................................................................340
3.33
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds (TTAD #13286) ..........................340
3.34 EC1: snow load generation on compound with a double-roof volume close to a single-roof volume (TTAD
#13559) ................................................................................................................................................................340
3.35 EC1: generating wind loads on a 35m high structure according to Eurocodes 1 - French standard with
CsCd min set to 0.7 and Delta to 0.15. (TTAD #11196) .......................................................................................340
3.36
EC1: Generating snow loads on a shed with gutters building. (TTAD #13856) .........................................341
3.37
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with parapets (TTAD #13992) ....341
3.38
3.39
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 slope building with parapets. (TTAD #13669) ...................................341
3.40
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 slope building with increased height. (TTAD #13759) .......................341
3.41
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with custom pressure values. (TTAD #14004) ..........342
3.42 EC1: snow load generation on a 3 compound building according to Romanian national annex. (TTAD
#13930s)...............................................................................................................................................................342
3.43
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and lateral parapets. (TTAD #14005).....342
3.44
EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an multibay canopy roof (DEV2013#4.3) ..........................342
3.45
EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an isolated roof with one slope (DEV2013#4.3) ................342
11
3.46 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with horizontal roof using UK annex (DEV2013#4.1) (TTAD
#12608) ................................................................................................................................................................ 343
3.47
EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an isolated roof with double slope (DEV2013#4.3)........... 343
3.48 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with a horizontal roof using different CsCd values for each
direction (DEV2013#4.4) ...................................................................................................................................... 343
3.49 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with roof thickness greater than the parapet
height (TTAD #11943) .......................................................................................................................................... 343
3.50 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex (TTAD
#11687) ................................................................................................................................................................ 344
3.51
EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (TTAD #11531) ............................................. 344
3.52 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex (TTAD
#11569) ................................................................................................................................................................ 344
3.53 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex (TTAD
#11570) ................................................................................................................................................................ 344
3.54
EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (TTAD #11699) ............................................ 345
3.55
Generating the description of climatic loads report according to EC1 Romanian standards (TTAD #11688) ... 345
3.56
EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with 2 fully opened windwalls (TTAD #11937) ...... 345
3.57
EC1: verifying the snow loads generated on a monopitch frame (TTAD #11302)..................................... 345
3.58 EC1: generating wind loads on a 55m high structure according to German standards (DIN EN 1991-14/NA) (DEV2012 #3.12) ....................................................................................................................................... 346
3.59
EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with gutter (TTAD #11113) .......................... 346
3.60 EC1: generating snow loads on duopitch multispan roofs according to German standards (DIN EN 1991-13/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13) ....................................................................................................................................... 346
3.61
EC1: snow on a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and parapet with height reduction (TTAD #11191) . 346
3.62 EC1: generating snow loads on monopitch multispan roofs according to German standards (DIN EN 19911-3/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13) .................................................................................................................................... 347
3.63 EC1: generating wind loads on double slope 3D portal frame according to Czech standards (CSN EN
1991-1-4) (DEV2012 #3.18) ................................................................................................................................. 347
3.64 EC1: generating snow loads on two side by side roofs with different heights, according to German
standards (DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13) ............................................................................................ 347
3.65 EC1: generating snow loads on two close roofs with different heights according to Czech standards (CSN
EN 1991-1-3) (DEV2012 #3.18) ........................................................................................................................... 347
3.66
EC1: generating snow loads on a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and gutter (TTAD #11113) .......... 348
3.67 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3D portal frame with a roof which has a small span (< 5m) and a parapet
(TTAD #11735) .................................................................................................................................................... 348
12
3.68
EC1: generating wind loads on double slope 3D portal frame with a fully opened face (DEV2012 #1.6) . 348
3.69
EC1: generating wind loads on an isolated roof with two slopes (TTAD #11695) ..................................... 348
3.70
EC1: generating wind loads on duopitch multispan roofs with pitch < 5 degrees (TTAD #11852) ............ 349
3.71
EC1 NF: generating wind loads on a 3D portal frame with 2 slopes roof (TTAD #11932) ........................ 349
3.72
EC1: wind load generation on simple 3D portal frame with 4 slopes roof (TTAD #11604) ........................ 349
3.73
EC1: wind load generation on a high building with horizontal roof ............................................................ 349
3.74
EC1: Generating 2D wind and snow loads on a 2 opposite slopes portal with Z down axis. (TTAD #15094) ... 350
3.75
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with different height (TTAD 13158) .... 350
3.76
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets. (TTAD #14578)..................................... 350
3.77
EC1: Generating snow loads on a custom multiple slope building. (TTAD #14285)..................................350
3.78
EC1: Generating 2D snow loads on a one horizontal slope portal. (TTAD #14975) ..................................350
3.79 EC1: Generating 2D wind and snow loads on a 4 slope shed next to a higher one slope compound. (TTAD
#15047) ................................................................................................................................................................351
3.80
3.81
3.82 EC1: wind load generation on portal with CsCd set to auto according to Romanian national annex. (TTAD
#13930w) ..............................................................................................................................................................351
3.83
EC1: snow load generation on double compound with gutters and parapets on all sides.(TTAD #13717)351
3.84
EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a multiple roof portal. (TTAD #15140) ...............................................352
3.85
EC1: Generating wind loads on a double slope with 5 degrees. (TTAD #15307) ......................................352
3.86
EC1: Generating 2D snow loads on a 2 slope portal with one lateral parapet. (TTAD #14530) ................352
3.87
EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a 2 slope isolated roof. (TTAD #14985) .............................................352
3.88
3.89
3.90
EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 horizontal slopes building one higher that the other. (TTAD #13320)353
3.91
EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a double slope roof with an opening. (TTAD #15328) .......................353
3.92
EC1: wind load generation on a simple 3D portal frame with 2 slopes roof (TTAD #11602) .....................353
3.93
EC1: wind load generation on a simple 3D structure with horizontal roof ..................................................353
4.2
Generating load combinations after changing the load case number (TTAD #11359)................................356
4.3 Generating load combinations with unfavorable and favorable/unfavorable predominant action (TTAD
#11357) ................................................................................................................................................................356
4.4
4.5
Defining concomitance rules for two case families (TTAD #11355) ............................................................356
4.6
Generating the concomitance matrix after adding a new dead load case (TTAD #11361) .........................357
4.7
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no. 5 (DEV2012 #1.7) ......................................357
4.8
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.9 (DEV2012 #1.7) .......................................357
4.9
Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.6 (DEV2012 #1.7) .......................................358
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
Generating a set of combinations with seismic group of loads (TTAD #11889) ........................................360
13
4.19
Generating a set of combinations with different Q "Base" types (TTAD #11806) ...................................... 361
4.20
Generating the concomitance matrix after switching back the effect for live load (TTAD #11806)............ 361
4.21
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - horizontal level behavior
364
5.2 EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - bilinear stress-strain
diagram ................................................................................................................................................................ 364
5.3
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load ..................................... 364
5.4
Modifying the "Design experts" properties for concrete linear elements (TTAD #12498) ........................... 364
5.5
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area for a beam subjected to point loads ............................ 364
5.6
EC2: Verifying the minimum reinforcement area for a simply supported beam .......................................... 365
5.7 EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - inclined stress strain
behavior law ......................................................................................................................................................... 365
5.8 EC2 Test 1: Verifying a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple
bending - Bilinear stress-strain diagram ............................................................................................................... 366
5.9 EC2 Test 5: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram ................................................................................................................................................................ 371
5.10 EC2 Test 3: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to uniformly distributed load, with
compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram .................................................................................. 375
5.11 EC2 Test 44: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to eccentric loading - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class X0)............................................................................................................................................... 384
5.12 EC2 Test 45: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam supporting a balcony - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
(Class XC1) .......................................................................................................................................................... 390
5.13 EC2 Test 43: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a small rotation moment and significant
compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ....... 397
5.14 EC2 Test 46 I: Verifying a square concrete beam subjected to a normal force of traction - Inclined stressstrain diagram (Class X0) ..................................................................................................................................... 406
5.15 EC2 Test30: Verifying the shear resistance for a T concrete beam with inclined transversal reinforcement Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ........................................................................................................... 409
5.16 EC2 Test 20: Verifying the crack openings for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly
distributed load, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1) ....................... 413
5.17 EC2 Test 26: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with vertical transversal
reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .................................................................................. 420
5.18 EC2 Test29: Verifying the shear resistance for a T concrete beam with inclined transversal reinforcement Inclined stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .......................................................................................................... 424
5.19 EC2 Test 18: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load, with
compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1) ............................................................. 428
5.20 EC2 Test 24: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with vertical transversal
reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .................................................................................. 433
5.21 EC2 Test28: Verifying the shear resistance for a T concrete beam with inclined transversal reinforcement Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class X0) ............................................................................................................. 437
5.22 EC2 Test34: Verifying a rectangular concrete column subjected to compression on the top Method
based on nominal stiffness - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ............................................................. 441
5.23 EC2 Test 38: Verifying a rectangular concrete column using the simplified method Professional rules Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ........................................................................................................... 449
14
5.24 EC2 Test32: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression and rotation moment to the top
Method based on nominal curvature- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .............................................452
5.25 EC2 Test36: Verifying a rectangular concrete column using the method based on nominal curvatureBilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ...........................................................................................................462
5.26 EC2 Test 40: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a small compression force and significant
rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ..............................................................469
5.27 EC2 Test 42: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a significant rotation moment and small
compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ........476
5.28 EC2 Test33: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression by nominal rigidity methodBilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ...........................................................................................................485
5.29 EC2 Test 37: Verifying a square concrete column using the simplified method Professional rules Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ...........................................................................................................493
5.30 EC2 Test 41: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a significant compression force and small
rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ..............................................................497
5.31 EC2 Test31: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression and rotation moment to the top
- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .........................................................................................................509
5.32 EC2 Test35: Verifying a rectangular concrete column subjected to compression to top Based on nominal
rigidity method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .................................................................................523
5.33 EC2 Test 39: Verifying a circular concrete column using the simplified method Professional rules Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) ...........................................................................................................534
5.34 EC2 Test 46 II: Verifying a square concrete beam subjected to a normal force of traction - Bilinear stressstrain diagram (Class X0) .....................................................................................................................................538
5.35
EC2: Verifying the transverse reinforcement area for a beam subjected to linear loads ...........................542
5.36 EC2 Test 2: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load, without
compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram ..................................................................................543
5.37 EC2 Test 9: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam with compressed reinforcement Inclined stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................550
5.38 EC2 Test 7: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................560
5.39 EC2 Test 10: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement - Inclined stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................564
5.40 EC2 Test 13: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load, without
compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)..............................................................569
5.41 EC2 Test 15: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................575
5.42 EC2 Test 4 I: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to Pivot A efforts Inclined stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................581
5.43 EC2 Test 8: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam without compressed reinforcement Inclined stressstrain diagram .......................................................................................................................................................587
5.44 EC2 Test 17: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load, without
compressed reinforcement - Inclined stress-strain diagram (Class XD1) .............................................................594
5.45 EC2 Test 12: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to uniformly distributed load, without
compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD3)...............................................................599
5.46 EC2 Test 16: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................605
5.47 EC2 Test 6: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain
diagram.................................................................................................................................................................611
5.48 EC2 Test 11: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load, without
compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)...............................................................615
15
5.49 EC2 Test 14: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load, with
compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1) .............................................................. 621
5.50 EC2 Test 23: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
(Class XC1) .......................................................................................................................................................... 627
5.51 EC2 Test 27: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with vertical transversal
reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .................................................................................. 633
5.52 EC2 Test 19: Verifying the crack openings for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly
distributed load, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1) ....................... 637
5.53 EC2 Test 25: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with inclined transversal
reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1) .................................................................................. 643
5.54 Verifying the capacity design results according to Eurocode EC2 and EC8 French standards. (DEV2013
#8.3) 647
5.55 EC2 Test 4 II: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to Pivot B efforts Inclined stress-strain
diagram ................................................................................................................................................................ 648
5.56 Verifying the peak smoothing influence over mesh, the punching verification and punching reinforcement
results when Z down axis is selected. (TTAD #14963)......................................................................................... 653
5.57 EC2 Test 47: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to tension load - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class XD2) ............................................................................................................................................ 654
5.58 EC2 Test 47 I: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a tension distributed load - Bilinear
stress-strain diagram (Class XD2)........................................................................................................................ 660
5.59 Testing the punching verification and punching reinforcement results on loaded analysis model (TTAD
#14332) ................................................................................................................................................................ 663
16
5.60
EC2: column design with Nominal Stiffness method square section (TTAD #11625) ............................. 663
5.61
Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for a horizontal concrete bar with rectangular cross section....... 663
5.62
Verifying the minimum transverse reinforcement area results for an articulated beam (TTAD #11342) ... 663
5.63
Verifying the minimum transverse reinforcement area results for articulated beams (TTAD #11342) ...... 664
5.64
Verifying the reinforced concrete results on a structure with 375 load cases combinations (TTAD #11683) .... 664
5.65
Verifying the reinforced concrete results on a fixed beam (TTAD #11836) ............................................... 664
5.66
Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for a fixed linear element (TTAD #11700) .................................. 665
5.67
Verifying concrete results for linear elements (TTAD #11556) .................................................................. 665
5.68
5.69
5.70
Verifying Aty and Atz for a fixed concrete beam (TTAD #11812) .............................................................. 666
5.71
Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement bars for a filled circular column (TTAD #11678) ......................... 666
5.72
Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for linear elements (TTAD #11636) ............................................ 666
5.73
Verifying element creation using commas for coordinates (TTAD #11141) ................................................ 668
6.2
Verifying the precision of linear and planar concrete covers (TTAD #12525) ............................................. 668
6.3
Defining the reinforced concrete design assumptions (TTAD #12354) ...................................................... 668
6.4
Generating liquid pressure on horizontal and vertical surfaces (TTAD #10724) ........................................ 668
6.5
Verifying 2 joined vertical elements with the clipping option enabled (TTAD #12238)................................ 668
6.6
6.7
Creating and updating model views and post-processing views (TTAD #11552) .......................................669
6.8
6.9
Importing a cross section from the Advance Steel profiles library (TTAD #11487) .....................................669
6.10
6.11 Creating a new Advance Design file using the "New" command from the "Standard" toolbar (TTAD
#12102) ................................................................................................................................................................669
6.12
Verifying the appearance of the local x orientation legend (TTAD #11737) ..............................................670
6.13
Creating system trees using the copy/paste commands (DEV2012 #1.5) .................................................670
6.14
6.15
Creating system trees using the copy/paste commands (DEV2012 #1.5) .................................................670
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
Verifying geometry properties of elements with compound cross sections (TTAD #11601) ......................671
Verifying the export of a linear element to GTC (TTAD #10932, TTAD #11952) ........................................674
7.2
7.3
7.4
Verifying the GTC files exchange between Advance Design and SuperSTRESS (DEV2012 #1.9) ...........674
7.5
Importing GTC files containing elements with haunches from SuperSTRESS (TTAD #12172) ..................674
7.6
7.7
Importing GTC files containing elements with circular hollow sections, from SuperSTRESS (TTAD #12197) ...675
7.8
Importing GTC files containing elements with circular hollow sections, from SuperSTRESS (TTAD #12197) ... 675
7.9 Verifying the releases option of the planar elements edges after the model was exported and imported via
GTC format (TTAD #12137) .................................................................................................................................675
7.10
System stability when importing AE files with invalid geometry (TTAD #12232) .......................................675
7.11
Verifying the load case properties from models imported as GTC files (TTAD #12306) ...........................676
7.12
7.13
7.14
8.2
Verifying the mesh for a model with generalized buckling (TTAD #11519) .................................................680
9.2
9.3
9.4
Verifying the options to take into account loads in linear and planar elements mesh.(TTAD #15251)........680
17
9.5
10
11
Verifying the mesh of a planar element influenced by peak smoothing. ..................................................... 680
10.2
NV2009: Generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame at 15m height (TTAD #12604) ............... 682
10.3
NV2009: Verifying wind and snow reports for a protruding roof (TTAD #11318) ...................................... 682
10.4
NV2009: generating wind loads and snow loads on a simple structure with planar support (TTAD #11380) ... 682
Generating a report with modal analysis results (TTAD #10849) .............................................................. 684
11.2
System stability when the column releases interfere with support restraints (TTAD #10557) ................... 684
11.3
Modal analysis: eigen modes results for a structure with one level ........................................................... 684
11.4
Generating the critical magnification factors report (TTAD #11379) ......................................................... 684
11.5
11.6
Verifying the shape sheet for a steel beam (TTAD #12455) ..................................................................... 685
11.7
11.8
Verifying the EC2 calculation assumptions report (TTAD #11838) ........................................................... 685
11.9
Verifying the Max row on the user table report (TTAD #12512) ................................................................ 685
11.10
Verifying the Min/Max values from the user reports (TTAD# 12231) ...................................................... 685
11.11 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on the end point of super element) (TTAD
#12230, TTAD #12261) ........................................................................................................................................ 685
11.12
Creating the steel materials description report (TTAD #11954) .............................................................. 686
11.13 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on each 1/4 of mesh element) (TTAD
#12230) 686
11.14 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on end points and middle of super element)
(TTAD #12230) .................................................................................................................................................... 686
11.15
11.16 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on the start point of super element) (TTAD
#12230) 686
11.17 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on all quarters of super element) (TTAD
#12230) 687
11.18 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on each 1/4 of mesh element) (TTAD
#12230) 687
11.19 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on start and end of super element) (TTAD
#12230) 687
11.20 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on end points and middle of super
element) (TTAD #12230) ...................................................................................................................................... 687
11.21 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on the start point of super element)
(TTAD #12230) .................................................................................................................................................... 688
11.22 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on the start point of super element) (TTAD
#12230) 688
11.23 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on end points and middle of super element)
(TTAD #12230) .................................................................................................................................................... 688
11.24
18
Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on all quarters of super element) (TTAD #12230) 689
11.25
Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on start and end of super element) (TTAD #12230) .....689
11.26 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on the end point of super element) (TTAD
#12230, #12261) ..................................................................................................................................................689
11.27 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on start and end of super element)
(TTAD #12230) .....................................................................................................................................................690
12
11.28
Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on all quarters of super element) (TTAD #12230) 690
11.29
11.30
11.31
12.2
EC8 French Annex: verifying torsors on grouped walls from a multi-storey concrete structure .................692
12.3
EC8: verifying the sum of actions on supports and nodes restraints (TTAD #12706) ...............................692
12.4
Verifying the damping correction influence over the efforts in supports (TTAD #13011). ..........................692
12.5
Seismic norm PS92: verifying efforts and torsors on planar elements (TTAD #12974) .............................692
12.6
Verifying the spectrum results for EC8 seism (TTAD #12472) ..................................................................693
12.7 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for spectrum with renewed building option,
according to Eurocode EC8 standard (TTAD #14161) .........................................................................................693
12.8 EC8 Romanian Annex: verifying action results and torsors per modes on point, linear and planar supports
(TTAD #14840) .....................................................................................................................................................693
12.9 EC 8 General Annex: verifying torsors on a 6 storey single concrete core subjected to horizontal forces
and seismic action ................................................................................................................................................693
12.10
EC8 French Annex: verifying seismic results when a design spectrum is used (TTAD #13778) .............694
12.11 EC8 French Annex: verifying torsors on walls, elastic linear supports and user-defined section cuts
(TTAD #14460) .....................................................................................................................................................694
12.12 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to Romanian
EC8 appendix (DEV2013 #8.2) ............................................................................................................................694
12.13 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to Eurocode
EC8 standard (DEV2013 #8.2) .............................................................................................................................694
12.14 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to Marocco
seismic standards (RPS 2011) (DEV2013 #8.2) ...................................................................................................695
12.15
EC8 Fr Annex: Generating forces results per modes on linear and planar elements (TTAD #13797) ....695
12.16
Verifying seismic efforts on planar elements with Q4 and T3-Q4 mesh type (TTAD #14244) .................695
12.17 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element according to Marocco seismic standards (RPS
2011) (DEV2013 #3.6) ..........................................................................................................................................695
12.18 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to French
PS92/100 standard (DEV2013 #8.2) ....................................................................................................................696
12.19 EC8 : Verifying the displacements results of a linear element according to Czech seismic standards (CSN
EN 1998-1) (DEV2012 #3.18) ...............................................................................................................................696
12.20
Verifying the spectrum results for EC8 seism (TTAD #11478) ................................................................696
12.21
Verifying signed concomitant linear elements envelopes on Fx report (TTAD #11517) ..........................697
12.22
EC8: Verifying earthquake description report in analysis with Z axis down. (TTAD #15095) ..................697
12.23
19
1.1
1.1.1
Description
Verifies the vertical displacement on the free extremity of a cantilever rectangular plate fixed on one side. The plate is
1 m long, subjected to a uniform planar load.
1.1.2
Background
1.1.2.1
Model description
Units
S.I.
Geometry
Thickness: e = 0.005 m,
Length: l = 1 m,
Width: b = 0.1 m.
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
22
Scale =1/4
Loadings
1.1.2.2
Reference solution
The reference displacement is calculated for the unsupported end located at x = 1m.
bl4p
u = 8EI =
z
0.1 x 14 x 1700
0.1 x 0.0053
11
8 x 2.1 x 10 x
12
= -9.71 cm
Deformed shape
Deformed cantilever rectangular plate
Scale =1/4
01-0001SSLSB_FEM
1.1.2.3
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-9.71
1.1.3
Result name
DZ
Calculated results
Result description
Vertical displacement on the free extremity [cm]
Value
-9.58696 cm
Error
1.27%
23
1.2
1.2.1
Description
Verifies the eigen modes frequencies for a 10 mm thick lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side, subjected to its own
weight only.
1.2.2
Background
1.2.2.1
Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: t = 0.01 m,
Side: a = 1 m,
= 30
Points coordinates:
A(0;0;0)
B(a;0;0)
3
C ( 0.5a ; 2 a ; 0 )
A
EA
3
D ( 1.5a ; 2 a ; 0 )
A
EA
24
Scale =1/10
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
1.2.2.2
External: None,
Internal: None.
Reference solution
M. V. Barton formula for a lozenge of side "a" leads to the frequencies:
fj =
1
i2
2
2 a
Et 2
12(1 2 )
= 30
12
3.961
22
10.19
M. V. Barton noted the sensitivity of the result relative to the mode and the angle. He acknowledged that the i
values were determined with a limited development of an insufficient order, which led to consider a reference value
that is based on an experimental result, verified by an average of seven software that use the finite elements
calculation method.
Finite elements modeling
25
1.2.2.3
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
9.8987
CM2
Eigen mode
25.4651
1.2.3
Result name
Calculated results
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
Eigen mode 2 frequency [Hz]
26
Value
9.82 Hz
23.44 Hz
Error
-0.80%
-7.95%
1.3
1.3.1
Description
Verifies the eigen modes frequencies for a 10 mm thick lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side, subjected to its own
weight only.
1.3.2
Background
1.3.2.1
Model description
Scale =1/10
01-0007SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: t = 0.01 m,
Side: a = 1 m,
= 0
Points coordinates:
A(0;0;0)
B(a;0;0)
C(0;a;0)
D(a;a;0)
27
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
1.3.2.2
External: None,
Internal: None.
Reference solution
M. V. Barton formula for a side "a" lozenge, leads to the frequencies:
fj =
1
i2
2
2 a
Et 2
12(1 2 )
=0
12
3.492
22
8.525
M.V. Barton noted the sensitivity of the result relative to the mode and the angle. He acknowledged that the i
values were determined with a limited development of an insufficient order, which led to consider a reference value
that is based on an experimental result, verified by an average of seven software that use the finite elements
calculation method.
Finite elements modeling
28
1.3.2.3
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
8.7266
CM2
Eigen mode
21.3042
1.3.3
Result name
Calculated results
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
Eigen mode 2 frequency [Hz]
Value
8.67 Hz
21.21 Hz
Error
-0.65%
-0.44%
29
1.4
1.4.1
Description
On a system of two bars (AC and BC) with three hinges, a punctual load in applied in point C. The vertical
displacement in point C and the tensile stress on the bars are verified.
1.4.2
Background
1.4.2.1
Model description
Scale =1/33
0002SSLLB_FEM
4.5
00
0
.50
4
C
Y
Z
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Materials properties
30
30
30
Boundary conditions
Loading
1.4.2.2
Reference solution
uc = -3 x 10-3 m
Finite elements modeling
Displacement shape
System of two bars with three hinges
Displacement in C
1.4.2.3
Scale =1/33
0002SSLLB_FEM
Bars stresses
Reference solutions
AC bar = 70 MPa
BC bar = 70 MPa
Finite elements modeling
31
1.4.2.4
1.4.2.5
Scale =1/34
0002SSLLB_FEM
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.30
CM2
Sxx
70
CM2
Sxx
70
1.4.3
Result name
DZ
Calculated results
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [cm]
Value
-0.299954 cm
Error
0.02%
Sxx
69.9998 MPa
0.00%
Sxx
69.9998 MPa
0.00%
32
1.5
1.5.1
Description
Verifies the first eigen modes frequencies for a thin circular ring fixed in two points, subjected to its own weight only.
1.5.2
Background
1.5.2.1
Model description
Scale =1/2
01-0006SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: h = 0.005 m,
Width: b = 0.010 m,
-5
2
Section: A = 5 x 10 m ,
Flexure moment of inertia relative to the vertical axis: I = 1.042 x 10-10 m4,
33
Point coordinates:
O (0 ;0),
A (-0.05 3 ; -0.05),
B (0.05 3 ; -0.05).
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
1.5.2.2
External: None,
Internal: None.
Reference solutions
The deformation of the fixed ring is calculated from the deformations of the free-free thin ring
Symmetrical mode:
ui = i cos(i)
vi = sin (i)
1-i2
i = Error! Bookmark not defined. R sin (i)
A
Antisymmetrical mode:
ui = i sin(i)
vi = -cos (i)
1-i2
i = Error! Bookmark not defined. R cos (i)
A
1
h
E
j
2 R 2
12
i
Symmetrical mode
Antisymmetrical mode
1
4.8497
1.9832
34
2
14.7614
9.3204
3
23.6157
11.8490
4
21.5545
35
1.5.2.3
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
235.3
CM2
Eigen mode
575.3
CM2
Eigen mode
1105.7
CM2
Eigen mode
1405.6
CM2
Eigen mode
1751.1
CM2
Eigen mode
2557
CM2
Eigen mode
2801.5
1.5.3
Result name
36
Theoretic results
Calculated results
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency - 1 antisymmetric 1 [Hz]
Value
236.32 Hz
Error
0.43%
578.52 Hz
0.56%
1112.54 Hz
0.62%
1414.22 Hz
0.61%
1760 Hz
0.51%
2569.97 Hz
0.51%
2777.43 Hz
-0.86%
1.6
1.6.1
Description
Verifies the vibration modes of a thin piping elbow (1 m radius) extended by two straight elements of length L,
subjected to its self weight only.
1.6.2
Background
1.6.2.1
Model description
Scale = 1/12
01-0013SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
37
Geometry
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
1.6.2.2
External: None,
Internal: None.
Reference solution
The Rayleigh method applied to a thin curved beam is used to determine parameters such as:
fj =
in plane bending:
2 R
EI z
A
where i = 1,2,
38
1.6.2.3
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
25.300
CM2
Eigen mode
27.000
1.6.3
Result name
Calculated results
Result description
Eigen mode frequency in plane 1 [Hz]
Value
24.96 Hz
Error
-1.34%
26.71 Hz
-1.07%
39
1.7
1.7.1
Description
Verifies the vibration modes of a thin piping elbow (1 m radius) with fixed ends and subjected to its self weight only.
1.7.2
Background
1.7.2.1
Model description
Scale = 1/7
01-0011SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
40
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
1.7.2.2
External: None,
Internal: None.
Reference solution
The Rayleigh method applied to a thin curved beam is used to determine parameters such as:
fj =
in plane bending:
2 R
EI z
A
where i = 1,2,
41
1.7.2.3
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
119
CM2
Eigen mode
227
1.7.3
Result name
42
Theoretical results
Calculated results
Result description
Eigen mode frequency in plane 1 [Hz]
Value
120.09 Hz
Error
0.92%
227.1 Hz
0.04%
1.8
1.8.1
Description
Verifies the vertical displacement on the middle of a beam consisting of four elements of length "l", having identical
characteristics. A punctual load of -10000 N is applied.
1.8.2
Background
1.8.2.1
Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
=1m
2
S = 0.01 m
I = 0.0001 m4
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed at ends x = 0 and x = 4 m,
Loading
43
1.8.2.2
Reference solution
The reference vertical displacement v3, is calculated at the middle of the beam at x = 2 m.
Rigidity matrix of a plane beam:
ES
0
[K e ] = ES
12EI
3
6EI
2
6EI
2
4EI
12EI
3
6EI
2
ES
0
0
ES
l
6EI
2
2EI
6EI
2
2EI
6EI
2
4EI
12EI
3
6EI
2
0
12EI
3
6EI
2
Given the symmetry / X and load of the structure, it is unnecessary to consider the degrees of freedom associated
with normal work (u2, u3, u4).
The same symmetry allows the deduction of:
v2 = v4
2 = -4
3 = 0
12
3
6
2
12
3
6
2
EI
44
6
2
4
6
2
12
3
6
2
24
3
12
3
6
2
6
2
2
0
8
6
2
12
3
6
2
24 1
3 +
12
3
6
2
6
2
2
0
8
6
2
12
3
6
2
24
3
12
3
6
2
6
2
2
0
8
6
2
12
3
6
2
12
3
6
2
v1 R1
M
1 1
v 2 0 (1)
2 0 (2)
v 3 P (3 )
=
3 0 (4 )
v 0 (5 )
4
4 0 (6 )
2
2 v 5 R5
5 M5
6
2
4
[ ]
The elementary rigidity matrix of the spring in its local axis system, k 5 =
EI
the global axis system by means of the rotation matrix (90 rotation):
0 0
0 1
[K 5 ] = EI 0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 (u 3 )
0 (v 3 )
0 ( 3 )
0 (u 6 )
0 (v 6 )
0 ( 6 )
6
2
8
3
v3 + 3 + 4 = 0 4 = v3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 1 (U 3 )
, must be expressed in
1 1 (U 6 )
12
6
24
v 3 2 3 + 3 v 4 = 0 2v 4 = v 3
3
6
2
8
6
2
v + 2 + 3 2 v 4 + 4 = 0 v 4 = v 2 (usually unnecessary)
2 2
3
(3) 12 v 2 6 2 + 24 + 1 v 3 12 v 4 6 4 = P v 3 = P
= 0.11905 10 03 m
3
2
3
3
2
2
EI
3 + l EI
Deformed shape
Double fixed beam with a spring at mid span
Deformed
1.8.2.3
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-0.11905
1.8.3
Result name
Dz
Calculated results
Result description
Vertical displacement on the middle of the beam [mm]
Value
-0.119048
mm
Error
0.00%
45
1.9
1.9.1
Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a short beam on simple supports (the supports are located on the neutral
axis), subjected to its own weight only.
1.9.2
Background
Scale = 1/6
01-0017SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Height: h = 0.2 m,
Length: l = 1 m,
Width: b = 0.1 m,
-2
4
Section: A = 2 x 10 m ,
Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz = 6.667 x 10-5 m4.
Materials properties
46
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Simple support in B.
Inner: None.
Loading
1.9.2.1
External: None.
Internal: None.
Reference solution
The bending beams equation gives, when superimposing, the effects of simple bending, shear force deformations
and rotation inertia, Timoshenko formula.
The reference eigen modes frequencies are determined by a numerical simulation of this equation, independent of
any software.
The eigen frequencies in tension-compression are given by:
fi =
2l
where i =
(2i 1)
2
47
48
1.9.2.2
Theoretical results
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
431.555
CM2
Eigen mode
1265.924
CM2
Eigen mode
1498.295
CM2
Eigen mode
2870.661
CM2
Eigen mode
3797.773
CM2
Eigen mode
4377.837
1.9.3
Result name
Calculated results
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
Value
437.12 Hz
Error
1.29%
1264.32 Hz
-0.13%
1537.16 Hz
2.59%
2911.46 Hz
1.42%
3754.54 Hz
-1.14%
4281.23 Hz
-2.21%
49
1.10.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen modes frequencies of a thin square plate fixed on one side.
1.10.2 Background
1.10.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/6
01-0019SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
50
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: t = 1 m,
Points coordinates in m:
A (0 ;0 ;0)
B (1 ;0 ;0)
C (1 ;1 ;0)
D (0 ;1 ;0)
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
External: None.
Internal: None.
1
i2
2 a 2
i
i
Et 2
12(1 2 )
1
3.492
where i = 1,2, . . .
2
8.525
3
21.43
4
27.33
5
31.11
6
54.44
51
52
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
8.7266
CM2
Eigen mode
21.3042
CM2
Eigen mode
53.5542
CM2
Eigen mode
68.2984
CM2
Eigen mode
77.7448
CM2
Eigen mode
136.0471
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
Value
8.67 Hz
Error
-0.65%
21.22 Hz
-0.40%
53.13 Hz
-0.79%
67.74 Hz
-0.82%
77.15 Hz
-0.77%
134.65 Hz
-1.03%
53
1.11.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes frequencies for a 10 mm thick lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side, subjected to its own
weight only.
1.11.2 Background
1.11.2.1 Model description
Scale =1/10
01-0008SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
54
Thickness: t = 0.01 m,
Side: a = 1 m,
= 15
Points coordinates:
A(0;0;0)
B(a;0;0)
C ( 0.259a ; 0.966a ; 0 )
D ( 1.259a ; 0.966a ; 0 )
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
1
i2
2
2 a
Et 2
12(1 2 )
= 15
12
3.601
22
8.872
M. V. Barton noted the sensitivity of the result relative to the mode and the angle. He acknowledged that the i
values were determined with a limited development of an insufficient order, which led to consider a reference value
that is based on an experimental result, verified by an average of seven software that use the finite elements
calculation method.
Finite elements modeling
55
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
8.999
CM2
Eigen mode
22.1714
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
Eigen mode 2 frequency [Hz]
56
Value
8.95 Hz
21.69 Hz
Error
-0.54%
-2.17%
1.12.1 Description
Verifies the vibration modes of a thin piping elbow (1 m radius) extended by two straight elements of length L,
subjected to its self weight only.
1.12.2 Background
1.12.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/11
01-0012SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
57
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
fj =
in plane bending:
2 R
EI z
A
where i = 1,2,
58
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
94
CM2
Eigen mode
180
Result description
Eigen mode frequency in plane 1 [Hz]
Eigen mode frequency in plane 2 [Hz]
Value
94.62 Hz
184.68 Hz
Error
0.66%
2.60%
59
1.13.1 Description
Verifies the critical load result on node 5 of a cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling. A punctual load of -100000 is
applied.
1.13.2 Background
1.13.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
2
S=0.01 m
I = 0.0002 m4
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
60
Pcritique =
2EI
98696
= 98696 N =
= 0.98696
2
100000
4L
Deformed shape
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fx
-98696
Result description
Critical load on node 5 (mode 1) [N]
Value
-100000 N
Error
-1.32%
61
1.14.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes frequencies and the vertical displacement on the middle of a beam consisting of eight
elements of length "l", having identical characteristics. A punctual load of -50000 N is applied.
1.14.2 Background
1.14.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: l = 16 m,
Axial section: S=0.06 m2
4
Inertia I = 0.0001 m
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
62
v5 =
Pl 3
50000 16 3
=
= 0.05079 m
192EI 192 2.1E11 0.0001
Deformed shape
Double fixed beam
Deformed
1.14.2.3 Eigen mode frequencies of the model in the linear elastic range
Reference solution
Knowing that the first four eigen mode frequencies of a double fixed beam are given by the following formula:
fn =
2. .L2
2
n
12
2
E.I
2
where for the first 4 eigen modes frequencies
2
.S
3
2
4
= 22.37 f1 = 2.937 Hz
= 61.67 f 2 = 8.095 Hz
= 120.9 f 3 = 15.871 Hz
= 199.8 f 4 = 26.228 Hz
63
Modal deformations
Double fixed beam
Mode 1
64
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-0.05079
CM2
Eigen mode
2.937
CM2
Eigen mode
8.095
CM2
Eigen mode
15.870
CM2
Eigen mode
26.228
Result description
Vertical displacement on the middle of the beam [m]
Value
-0.0507937
m
Error
-0.01%
2.94 Hz
0.10%
8.09 Hz
-0.06%
15.79 Hz
-0.50%
25.76 Hz
-1.78%
65
1.15.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a thin rectangular plate simply supported on its perimeter.
1.15.2 Background
1.15.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/8
01-0020SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
66
Length: a = 1.5 m,
Width: b = 1 m,
Thickness: t = 0.01 m,
Points coordinates in m:
A (0 ;0 ;0)
B (0 ;1.5 ;0)
C (1 ;1.5 ;0)
D (1 ;0 ;0)
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
External: None.
Internal: None.
j
i
[ ( )2 + ( )2 ]
a
b
2
Et 2
12(1 2 )
where:
i = number of half-length of wave along y ( dimension a)
j = number of half-length of wave along x ( dimension b)
Finite elements modeling
67
68
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
35.63
CM2
Eigen mode
68.51
CM2
Eigen mode
109.62
CM2
Eigen mode
123.32
CM2
Eigen mode
142.51
CM2
Eigen mode
197.32
Result description
Eigen mode "i" - "j" frequency, for i = 1; j = 1 (Mode 1) [Hz]
Value
35.58 Hz
Error
-0.14%
68.29 Hz
-0.32%
109.98 Hz
0.33%
123.02 Hz
-0.24%
141.98 Hz
-0.37%
195.55 Hz
-0.90%
69
1.16.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes frequencies for a 10 mm thick lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side, subjected to its own
weight only.
1.16.2 Background
1.16.2.1 Model description
Scale =1/10
01-0010SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
70
Geometry
Thickness: t = 0.01 m,
Side: a = 1 m,
= 45
Points coordinates:
A(0;0;0)
B(a;0;0)
C(
D(
2
2
a;
a;0)
2
2
2
2+ 2
a;
a;0)
2
2
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
1
i2
2 a 2
Et 2
12(1 2 )
= 45
12
4.4502
22
10.56
M. V. Barton noted the sensitivity of the result relative to the mode and the angle. He acknowledged that the i
values were determined with a limited development of an insufficient order, which led to consider a reference value
that is based on an experimental result, verified by an average of seven software that use the finite elements
calculation method.
Finite elements modeling
71
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
11.1212
CM2
Eigen mode
26.3897
72
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
Value
11.28 Hz
Error
1.43%
28.08 Hz
6.41%
1.17.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen modes frequencies of a circular ring hanged on an elastic element, subjected to its self weight
only.
1.17.2 Background
1.17.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/1
01-0014SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Ring
Thickness: h = 0.005 m,
Width: b = 0.010 m,
73
Width: b = 0.010 m,
Section: A = 3 x 10-5 m2,
Flexure moment of inertia relative to the vertical axis: I = 2.25 x 10-11 m4,
Points coordinates:
O ( 0 ; 0 ),
A ( 0 ; -0.0725 ),
B ( 0 ; -0.1 ).
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed in A,
Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
74
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
28.80
CM2
Eigen mode
189.30
CM2
Eigen mode
268.80
CM2
Eigen mode
641.00
CM2
Eigen mode
682.00
CM2
Eigen mode
1063.00
Result description
Eigen mode 1 Asymmetrical frequency [Hz]
Value
28.81 Hz
Error
0.03%
189.69 Hz
0.21%
269.38 Hz
0.22%
642.15 Hz
0.18%
683.9 Hz
0.28%
1065.73 Hz
0.26%
75
1.18.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a short beam on simple supports (the supports are eccentric relative to
the neutral axis).
1.18.2 Background
1.18.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/5
01-0018SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
76
Height: h = 0.2m,
Length: l = 1 m,
Width: b = 0.1 m,
-2
4
Section: A = 2 x 10 m ,
-5
4
Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz = 6.667 x 10 m .
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Simple support at B.
Inner: None.
Loading
External: None.
Internal: None.
77
78
79
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
392.8
CM2
Eigen mode
902.2
CM2
Eigen mode
1591.9
CM2
Eigen mode
2629.2
CM2
Eigen mode
3126.2
80
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
Value
393.7 Hz
Error
0.23%
945.35 Hz
4.78%
1595.94 Hz
0.25%
2526.22 Hz
-3.92%
3118.91 Hz
-0.23%
1.19.1 Description
A straight slender beam on three supports is loaded with two punctual loads. The bending moment, vertical
displacement and reaction on the center are verified.
1.19.2 Background
1.19.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/49
01-0025SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 3 m,
Beam inertia: I = 6.3 x 10-4 m4.
81
Materials properties
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinged at A,
6
Simple support at C.
Inner: None.
Loading
6EI
L3Ky
Bending moment at B: MB
MB =
L ( 6 + 2k )F
2
(8 + k )
Results shape
Slender beam on three supports
Scale = 1/49
Bending moment
82
1.19.2.3 Reaction in B
Reference solution
Results shape
Slender beam on three supports
Deformed
83
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
My
-63000
CM2
DZ
-1.00
CM2
Fz
-21000
Result description
Bending moment in point B [Nm]
Value
-63000 N*m
Error
0.00%
DZ
-1 cm
0.00%
Fz
-21000 N
0.00%
84
1.20.1 Description
Verifies the rotation about Z-axis, the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement on several points of a
double hinged thin arc in planar bending.
1.20.2 Background
1.20.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/8
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Medium radius: R = 1 m ,
Circular hollow section:
de = 0.02 m,
di = 0.016 m,
-4
2
A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
85
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinge at A,
Loading
FR2
A = - B = ( 2 - 1) 2EI
A
Displacement;
FR
3
FR3
Vertical at C: vC = 8 EA + ( 4 - 2) 2EI
A
FR FR3
Horizontal at B: uB = 2EA - 2EI
A
86
Displacements shape
Fixed thin arc in planar bending
Scale = 1/11
Deformed
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
0.030774
CM2
RY
-0.030774
CM2
DZ
-1.9206
CM2
DX
5.3912
Result description
Rotation about Z-axis in point A [rad]
Value
0.0307785 Rad
Error
0.01%
RY
-0.0307785 Rad
-0.01%
DZ
-1.92019 cm
0.02%
DX
5.386 cm
-0.10%
87
1.21.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a symmetrical portal frame with fixed supports.
1.21.2 Background
1.21.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/5
01-0023SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
88
A
-0.30
0
B
0.30
0
C
-0.30
0.36
D
0.30
0.36
E
-0.30
0.81
F
0.30
0.81
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
External: None.
Internal: None.
Deformed shape
Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame
Scale = 1/7
Mode 13
89
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
8.8
CM2
Eigen mode
29.4
CM2
Eigen mode
43.8
CM2
Eigen mode
56.3
CM2
Eigen mode
96.2
CM2
Eigen mode
102.6
CM2
Eigen mode
147.1
CM2
Eigen mode
174.8
CM2
Eigen mode
178.8
CM2
Eigen mode
206
CM2
Eigen mode
266.4
CM2
Eigen mode
320
CM2
Eigen mode
335
90
Result description
Eigen mode 1 antisymmetric frequency [Hz]
Value
8.78 Hz
Error
-0.23%
29.43 Hz
0.10%
43.85 Hz
0.11%
56.3 Hz
0.00%
96.05 Hz
-0.16%
102.7 Hz
0.10%
147.08 Hz
-0.01%
174.96 Hz
0.09%
178.92 Hz
0.07%
206.23 Hz
0.11%
266.62 Hz
0.08%
319.95 Hz
-0.02%
334.96 Hz
-0.01%
1.22.1 Description
Arc of a circle fixed at one end, subjected to two punctual loads and a torque at its free end. The horizontal
displacement, vertical displacement and rotation about Z-axis are verified.
1.22.2 Background
1.22.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/24
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Medium radius: R = 3 m ,
Circular hollow section:
de = 0.02 m,
di = 0.016 m,
-4
2
A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
91
Materials properties
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2 x 1011 Pa.
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed in A.
Inner: None.
Loading
External:
At B:
punctual load F1 = Fx = 10 N,
punctual load F2 = Fy = 5 N,
1.22.2.2 Displacements at B
Reference solution
At point B:
R2
displacement parallel to Ox: u = 4EI [F1R + 2F2R + 4Mz]
A
R
displacement parallel to Oy: v = 4EI [2F1R + (3 - 8)F2R + 2( - 2)Mz]
R
rotation around Oz: = 4EI [4F1R + 2( - 2)F2R + 2Mz]
92
Results shape
Fixed thin arc in planar bending
Scale = 1/19
Deformed
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
0.3791
CM2
DZ
0.2417
CM2
RY
-0.1654
Result description
Horizontal displacement in point B [m]
Value
0.378914 m
Error
-0.05%
DZ
0.241738 m
0.02%
RY
-0.165362 Rad
0.02%
93
1.23.1 Description
Verifies the horizontal and the vertical displacement in several points of a truss with hinged bars, subjected to a
punctual load.
1.23.2 Background
Scale = 1/10
01-0031SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Elements
AC
CB
CD
BD
94
Length (m)
0.5 2
0.5 2
2.5
2
A
Area (m2)
2 x 10-4
2 x 10-4
1 x 10-4
1 x 10-4
Materials properties
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 1.962 x 1011 Pa.
Boundary conditions
Loading
Displacements shape
Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load
Deformed
Scale = 1/9
95
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
0.26517
CM2
DX
3.47902
CM2
DZ
0.08839
CM2
DZ
-5.60084
Result description
Horizontal displacement in point C [mm]
Value
0.264693 mm
Error
-0.18%
DX
3.47531 mm
-0.11%
DZ
0.0881705 mm
-0.25%
DZ
-5.595 mm
0.10%
96
1.24.1 Description
Verifies the displacement at the top of an EDF Pylon and the dominating buckling results. Three punctual loads
corresponding to wind loads are applied on the main arms, on the upper arm and on the lower horizontal frames of
the pylon.
1.24.2 Background
1.24.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinged support,
For the modeling, a fixed restraint and 4 beams were added at the pylon supports level.
Inner: None.
97
Loading
External:
Punctual loads corresponding to a wind load.
98
Software
Max deflection (m)
dominating mode
ANSYS 5.3
0.714
2.77
NE/NASTRAN 7.0
0.714
2.77
Deformed shape
99
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
0.714
2.77
CM2
Result description
Displacement at the top of the pylon [m]
Dominating buckling - critical Lambda - mode 4 [Hz]
100
Value
0.71254 m
2.83 Hz
Error
-0.20%
2.17%
1.25.1 Description
A straight slender beam with fixed ends is loaded with a uniform load, several punctual loads and a torque. The shear
force, bending moment, vertical displacement and horizontal reaction are verified.
1.25.2 Background
1.25.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/4
01-0024SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 1 m,
Beam inertia: I = 1.7 x 10-8 m4.
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
101
Loading
External:
Shear force at G: VG
VG = 0.216F 1.26
C
L
Results shape
Slender beam on two fixed supports
Scale = 1/5
Shear force
102
Bending moment at G: MG
pL2
MG = 24 - 0.045LF 0.3C
A
Results shape
Slender beam on two fixed supports
Scale = 1/5
Bending moment
Vertical displacement at G: vG
pl4
0.003375FL3 0.015CL2
vG = 384EI +
+
EI
EI
A
103
Results shape
Slender beam on two fixed supports
Scale = 1/4
Deformed
Horizontal reaction at A: HA
HA = -0.7F1 0.3F2
Finite elements modeling
104
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fz
-540
CM2
My
-2800
CM2
Dz
-4.90
CM2
Fx
24000
Result description
Shear force in point G [N]
Value
-540 N
Error
0.00%
My
-2800 N*m
0.00%
DZ
-4.90485 cm
-0.10%
Fx
24000 N
0.00%
105
1.26.1 Description
An arc of a circle fixed at one end is loaded with a punctual force at its free end, perpendicular to the plane. The out
of plane displacement, torsion moment and bending moment are verified.
1.26.2 Background
1.26.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Medium radius: R = 1 m ,
Circular hollow section:
de = 0.02 m,
di = 0.016 m,
-4
2
A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
Materials properties
106
Scale = 1/6
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed at A.
Inner: None.
Loading
1.26.2.2 Displacements at B
Reference solution
Displacement out of plane at point B:
FR3 EIx 3
uB = EI [ 4 + K ( 4 - 2)]
x
T
A
where KT is the torsional rigidity for a circular section (torsion constant is 2Ix).
KT = 2GIx =
EIx
1+
A
FR3
3
uB = EI [ 4 + (1 + ) ( 4 - 2)]
x
A
1.26.2.3 Moments at = 15
Reference solution
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
0.13462
CM2
Mx
74.1180
CM2
Mz
-96.5925
Result description
Displacement out of plane in point B [m]
Value
0.135156 m
Error
0.40%
Mx
74.103 N*m
-0.02%
Mz
96.5925 N*m
0.00%
107
1.27.1 Description
A beam under 3 punctual loads lays on a soil of constant linear stiffness. The bending moment, vertical displacement
and rotation about z-axis on several points of the beam are verified.
1.27.2 Background
1.27.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
108
L = ( 10 )/2,
I = 10-4 m4.
A
Scale = 1/21
Materials properties
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
4
A
K/(4EI)
E
= L/2
= sh (2) + sin (2)
Bending moment:
MC = (F/(4))(ch(2) - cos (2) 8sh()sin())/
Vertical displacement:
vC = - (F/(2K))( ch(2) + cos (2) + 8ch()cos() + 2)/
Scale = 1/20
Bending moment
109
1.27.2.3 Displacements at A
Reference solution
Vertical displacement:
vA = (2F/K)( ch()cos() + ch(2) + cos(2))/
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
My
5759
CM2
Dz
-0.006844
CM2
Dz
-0.007854
CM2
RY
-0.000706
Result description
Bending moment in point C [Nm]
Value
5779.54 N*m
Error
0.36%
Dz
-0.00684369 m
0.00%
Dz
-0.00786073 m
-0.09%
RY
-0.000707427 Rad
-0.20%
110
1.28 Annular thin plate fixed on a hub (repetitive circular structure) (01-0022SDLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2454
Test status: Passed
1.28.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode frequencies of a thin annular plate fixed on a hub.
1.28.2 Background
1.28.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/3
01-0022SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Material properties
111
Boundary conditions
Loading
External: None.
Internal: None.
1
2
2Re2 ij
E
EA
Et2
12(1-2)
A
AE
where:
i = the number of nodal diameters
j = the number of nodal circles
and
j \ i
0
1
ij2
such as:
0
13.0
85.1
112
1
13.3
86.7
2
14.7
91.7
3
18.5
100
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
79.26
CM2
Eigen mode
518.85
CM2
Eigen mode
81.09
CM2
Eigen mode
528.61
CM2
Eigen mode
89.63
CM2
Eigen mode
559.09
CM2
Eigen mode
112.79
CM2
Eigen mode
609.70
Result description
Eigen mode "i" - "j" frequency, for i = 0; j = 0 (Mode 1) [Hz]
Eigen mode "i" - "j" frequency, for i = 0; j = 1 (Mode 18) [Hz]
Value
79.05 Hz
521.84 Hz
Error
-0.26%
0.58%
80.52 Hz
-0.70%
529.49 Hz
0.17%
88.43 Hz
-1.34%
552.43 Hz
-1.19%
110.27 Hz
-2.23%
593.83 Hz
-2.60%
113
1.29.1 Description
Two beams fixed at one end and rigidly connected to an undeformable beam is loaded with a punctual load. The
deflection, vertical reaction and bending moment are verified in several points.
1.29.2 Background
1.29.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
114
Lengths:
L = 2 m,
l = 0.2 m,
-8
4
Beams inertia moment: I = (4/3) x 10 m ,
-2
The beam sections are squared, of side: 2 x 10 m.
Scale = 1/10
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
Results shape
Fixed beams connected to a stiff element
Deformed
Scale = 1/10
115
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
0.125
CM2
0.125
CM2
Fz
-500
CM2
Fz
-500
CM2
My
500
CM2
My
500
Result description
Deflection in point B [m]
Value
0.125376 m
Error
0.30%
0.125376 m
0.30%
Fz
-500 N
0.00%
Fz
-500 N
0.00%
My
500.083 N*m
0.02%
My
500.083 N*m
0.02%
116
1.30.1 Description
Verifies the rotation about z-axis and the bending moment on a portal frame with lateral connections.
1.30.2 Background
1.30.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/21
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Beam
AB
Length
lAB = 4 m
Moment of inertia
64
IAB = 3 x 10-8 m4
1
IAC = 12 x 10-8 m4
1
IAD = 12 x 10-8 m4
4
IAE = 3 x 10-8 m4
A
AC
AD
AE
lAC = 1 m
lAD = 1 m
lAE = 2 m
117
AAB = 16 x 10 m
-4
AAD = 1 x 10 m
-4
AAC = 1 x 10 m
-4
AAE = 4 x 10 m
Materials properties
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2 x 1011 Pa,
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed at B, D and E,
Hinge at C,
Inner: None.
Loading
External:
5
Punctual force at G: Fy = F = - 10 N,
3
1.30.2.2 Displacements at A
Reference solution
Rotation at A about z-axis:
EIAn
We say: kAn = l
An
A
where n = B, C, D or E
3
K = kAB + kAD + kAE + 4 kAC
kAn
rAn = K
FlAD plAB2
C1 = 8 - 12
C1
= 4K
E
118
Displacements shape
Portal frame with lateral connections
Deformed
1.30.2.3 Moments in A
Reference solution
plAB2
MAB = 12 + rAB x C1
FlAD
MAD = - 8 + rAD x C1
MAE = rAE x C1
MAC = rAC x C1
119
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
-0.227118
CM2
My
11023.72
CM2
My
113.559
CM2
My
12348.588
CM2
My
1211.2994
Result description
Rotation Theta about z-axis in point A [rad]
Value
-0.227401 Rad
Error
-0.12%
My
11021 N*m
-0.02%
My
113.704 N*m
0.13%
My
12347.5 N*m
-0.01%
My
1212.77 N*m
0.12%
120
1.31.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the radial deformation and the longitudinal deformation of a cylinder loaded with a uniform internal
pressure.
1.31.2 Background
1.31.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/18
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 4 m,
Radius: R = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.02 m.
Materials properties
121
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Free conditions
For the modeling, only of the cylinder is considered and the symmetry conditions are applied. On the
other side, we restrained the displacements at a few nodes in order to make the model stable.
Inner: None.
Loading
xx = 0
pR
yy = h
A
Radial deformation:
pR2
R = Eh
A
Longitudinal deformation:
L =
-pRL
Eh
A
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
syy_mid
500000.000000
CM2
Dz
2.380000
CM2
DY
-2.860000
Result description
Sigma yy stress in all points [Pa]
Value
499521 Pa
Error
-0.10%
Dz
2.39213 m
0.51%
DY
-2.85445 m
0.19%
122
1.32.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the longitudinal deformation and the radial deformation of a cylinder under a uniform axial load.
1.32.2 Background
1.32.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/19
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: h = 0.02 m,
Length: L = 4 m,
Radius: R = 1 m.
Materials properties
123
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
yy = 0
Finite elements modeling
-qR
Eh
E
124
Deformation shape
Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load
Scale = 1/22
Deformation shape
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
sxx_mid
5 x 105
CM2
syy_mid
CM2
DY
9.52 x 10-6
CM2
Dz
-7.14 x 10-7
Result description
Sigma xx stress at all points [Pa]
Value
500000 Pa
Error
0.00%
syy_mid
1.05305e-009 Pa
0.00%
DY
-0.00952381 mm
-0.04%
Dz
0.000710887 mm
-0.44%
125
1.33.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement in the center of a simply supported square plate.
1.33.2 Background
1.33.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side = 1 m,
Thickness h = 0.01m.
Materials properties
126
Scale = 1/9
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
192g(1 - 2)
mn(m2 + n2)6Eh2
AE
Deformed shape
Simply supported square plate
Deformed
Scale = 1/6
127
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-0.158
128
Result description
Vertical displacement in point O [m]
Value
-0.164901 m
Error
-4.37%
1.34.1 Description
Verifies the horizontal displacement and the stress on a plate (8 x 12 cm) fixed in the middle on 3 supports with a
punctual load at its free node.
1.34.2 Background
1.34.2.1 Model description
Reference: Klaus-Jrgen Bathe - Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis, Example 5.13;
Analysis type: static linear;
Element type: planar (membrane).
, [ 1;1]
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
uA =
F
F
6000
=
= 9.3410 4 cm
=
K eabE
ES 2.674106 + 3.75106
2
1
+
+
3 a 2 1 2 b 2 (1 + ) 2a
= 1; xx1 = 0
E uA
= 1; yy1 = 0
= 1; xy1 = 0
E uA
Deformed shape
130
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
9.340000
CM2
sxx_mid
38.490000
CM2
sxx_mid
CM2
syy_mid
11.550000
CM2
syy_mid
CM2
sxy_mid
CM2
sxy_mid
-8.980000
CM2
sxy_mid
-17.960000
Result description
Horizontal displacement Element 1 in A [m]
Value
9.33999 m
Error
0.00%
sxx_mid
38.489 MPa
0.00%
sxx_mid
1.81899e-015 MPa
0.00%
syy_mid
11.5467 MPa
-0.03%
syy_mid
-2.72848e-015 MPa
0.00%
sxy_mid
0 MPa
0.00%
sxy_mid
-8.98076 MPa
-0.01%
sxy_mid
-17.9615 MPa
-0.01%
131
1.35.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the longitudinal deformation and the radial deformation of a thin cylinder subjected to its self
weight only.
1.35.2 Background
1.35.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: h = 0.02 m,
Length: L = 4 m,
Radius: R = 1 m.
Materials properties
132
Scale = 1/24
Boundary conditions
Outer:
For the modeling, we consider only a quarter of the cylinder, so we impose the symmetry conditions on
the nodes that are parallel with the cylinders axis.
Inner: None.
Loading
1.35.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
x axis of the local coordinate system of planar elements is parallel to the cylinders axis.
xx = z
yy = 0
Finite elements modeling
-Rz
E
E
133
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
sxx_mid
-314000.000000
CM2
DY
0.002990
CM2
Dz
-0.000440
* To obtain this result, you must generate a calculation note Planar elements stresses by load case in neutral fiber"
with results on center.
Result description
Sigma xx stress for z = L [Pa]
Value
-309143 Pa
Error
1.55%
DY
0.00298922 mm
-0.03%
Dz
-0.000443587 mm
-0.82%
134
1.36.1 Description
A spherical shell is subjected to a uniform internal pressure. The stress and the radial deformation are verified.
1.36.2 Background
1.36.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: h = 0.02 m,
Radius: R2 = 1 m,
= 90 (hemisphere).
135
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Simple support (null displacement along vertical displacement) on the shell perimeter.
For modeling, we consider only half of the hemisphere, so we impose symmetry conditions (DOF restrains
placed in the vertical plane xy in translation along z and in rotation along x and y). In addition, the node at the
top of the shell is restrained in translation along x to assure the stability of the structure during calculation).
Inner: None.
Loading
1.36.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
(See stresses description on the first scheme of the overview)
If 0 90
11 = 22 =
pR22
2h
A
pR22 (1 - ) sin
2Eh
A
136
Deformed shape
Spherical shell under internal pressure
Scale = 1/11
Deformed
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
sxx_mid
2.50 x 105
CM2
syy_mid
2.50 x 105
CM2
Dz
8.33 x 10-7
Result description
Sigma 11 stress for all Theta [Pa]
Value
250202 Pa
Error
0.08%
syy_mid
249907 Pa
-0.04%
Dz
0.000832794 mm
-0.02%
137
1.37.1 Description
A torsion moment is applied on the free end of a caisson beam fixed on one end. For both ends, the displacement,
the rotation about Z-axis and the stress are verified.
1.37.2 Background
1.37.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length; L = 1m,
Square section of side: b = 0.1 m,
Thickness = 0.005 m.
Materials properties
138
01-0037SSLSB_FEM
Scale = 1/4
Boundary conditions
Loading
External: Torsion moment M = 10N.m applied to the free end (for modeling, 4 forces of 50 N).
Internal: None.
A (0,0.05,0.5)
B (-0.05,0,0.8)
Note: point O is the origin of the coordinate system (x,y,z).
Finite elements modeling
Deformed shape
Caisson beam in torsion
Deformed
Scale = 1/4
139
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
-0.617 x 10-6
CM2
-0.987 x 10-6
CM2
RY
0.123 x 10-4
CM2
RY
0.197 x 10-4
CM2
sxy_mid
-0.11
CM2
sxy_mid
-0.11
Result description
Displacement in point A [m]
Value
0.615909 m
Error
-0.18%
0.986806 m
-0.02%
RY
-1.23211e-005 Rad
-0.17%
RY
-1.97172e-005 Rad
-0.09%
sxy_mid
-0.100037 MPa
-0.04%
sxy_mid
-0.100212 MPa
-0.21%
140
1.38.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement on a 300 cm long beam, consisting of an I shaped profile of a total height of 20.04
cm, a 0.96 cm thick web and 20.04 cm wide / 1.46 cm thick flanges.
1.38.2 Background
1.38.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
l=
h=
b=
tw =
tf =
Sx=
Iz =
Sy =
300
20.04
20.04
1.46
0.96
74.95
5462
16.43
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm2
cm4
cm2
Materials properties
141
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
3
Pl
Pl
20246 x3003
20246 x300
v6 =
+
=
+
= 0.912 0.105 = 1.017 cm
48EI z 4GS y 48 x 2285938 x5462 4 x 2285938 x16.43
2(1 + 0.3)
Deformed shape
142
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-1.017
Result description
Vertical displacement at node 6 [cm]
Value
-1.01722 cm
Error
-0.02%
143
1.39.1 Description
Verifies the stress and the radial deformation of a torus with uniform internal pressure.
1.39.2 Background
1.39.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
144
Thickness: h = 0.02 m,
Transverse section radius: b = 1 m,
Average radius of curvature: a = 2 m.
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer: For the modeling, only 1/8 of the cylinder is considered, so the symmetry conditions are imposed to end
nodes.
Inner: None.
Loading
1.39.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
(See stresses description on the first scheme of the overview)
If a b r a + b
pb r + a
11 = 2h r
A
pb
22 = 2h
A
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
syy_mid
7.5 x 105
CM2
syy_mid
4.17 x 105
CM2
sxx_mid
2.50 x 105
CM2
Dz
1.19 x 10-7
CM2
Dz
1.79 x 10-6
145
1.39.3Calculated results
Result name
syy_mid
Result description
Sigma 11 stresses for r = a - b [Pa]
Value
742770 Pa
Error
-0.96%
syy_mid
415404 Pa
-0.38%
sxx_mid
250331 Pa
0.13%
Dz
-0.000117352 mm
1.38%
Dz
0.00180274 mm
0.71%
146
1.40.1 Description
A beam under a punctual load, a distributed load and two torques lays on a soil of constant linear stiffness. The
rotation around z-axis, the vertical reaction, the vertical displacement and the bending moment are verified in several
points.
1.40.2 Background
1.40.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/27
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = ( 10 )/2,
I = 10-4 m4.
A
147
Materials properties
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
External:
4
A
K/(4EI)
E
= L/2
= ch(2) + cos(2)
148
1
2
E
1
(K/)
E
Deformed shape
Beam on elastic soil, hinged ends
Scale = 1/20
Deformed
Vertical displacement:
vD = 2p( - 2ch()cos()) + F(sh(2) sin(2)) - 82Csh()sin() x
1
2K
E
Bending moment:
MD = 4psh()sin() + F(sh(2) + sin(2)) - 82Cch()cos() x
A
1
42
E
149
Scale = 1/20
Bending moment
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
0.003045
CM2
Fz
-11674
CM2
Dz
-0.423326
CM2
My
-33840
Result description
Rotation around z-axis in point A [rad]
Value
0.00304333 Rad
Error
-0.05%
Fz
-11709 N
-0.30%
Dz
-0.423297 cm
0.01%
My
-33835.9 N*m
0.01%
150
1.41.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement and the stresses on a square plate of 2 x 2 m, fixed on 3 sides with a uniform
surface load on its surface.
1.41.2 Background
1.41.2.1 Model description
Modeling
Scale = 1/19
, [ 1;1]
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: e = 1 m,
4 square elements of side h = 1 m.
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Inner: None.
Loading
External: Uniform load p = -1. 108 N/ml on the upper surface,
Internal: None.
v9 =
A
v7 =
4(3 - )
v9 = -0.592 x 10-3 m,
3+
A
E (v9 - v7)
(1 + ) for
1 - 2 2h
yy =
A
xx = yy
= -1 ; xx = 0
= 0 ; xx = -14.23 MPa
= 1 ; xx = -28.46 MPa
for
for
152
= -1 ; = 0 ; xy = -47.82 MPa
= 0 ; = 0 ; xy = -31.21 MPa
= 1 ; = 0 ; xy = -14.61 MPa
Deformed shape
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
CM2
DZ
-0.592
DZ
-0.1809
CM2
sxx_mid
CM2
sxx_mid
-14.23
CM2
sxx_mid
-28.46
CM2
syy_mid
CM2
syy_mid
-47.44
CM2
syy_mid
-94.88
CM2
sxy_mid
-14.66
CM2
sxy_mid
-47.82
Result description
Vertical displacement on node 7 [mm]
Value
-0.59203 mm
Error
-0.01%
DZ
sxx_mid
7.45058e-015 MPa
0.00%
sxx_mid
-14.2315 MPa
-0.01%
sxx_mid
-28.463 MPa
-0.01%
syy_mid
1.49012e-014 MPa
0.00%
syy_mid
-47.4383 MPa
0.00%
syy_mid
-94.8767 MPa
0.00%
sxy_mid
-14.611 MPa
0.33%
sxy_mid
-47.8178 MPa
0.00%
-0.180898 mm
0.00%
153
1.42.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the longitudinal deformation and the radial deformation of a thin cylinder under a hydrostatic
pressure.
1.42.2 Background
1.42.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/25
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Thickness: h = 0.02 m,
Length: L = 4 m,
Radius: R = 1 m.
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
154
Outer: For the modeling, we consider only a quarter of the cylinder, so we impose the symmetry conditions on
the nodes that are parallel with the cylinders axis.
Inner: None.
Loading
z
External: Radial internal pressure varies linearly with the "p" height, p = p0 L ,
Internal: None.
1.42.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
x axis of the local coordinate system of planar elements is parallel to the cylinders axis.
xx = 0
yy =
A
p0Rz
Lh
E
-p0Rz2
2ELh
A
155
Deformation shape
Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure
Deformed
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
syy_mid
500000.000000
CM2
DY
-0.002860
CM2
Dz
0.002380
Result description
Sigma yy stress in z = L/2 [Pa]
Value
504489 Pa
Error
0.90%
DY
-0.00285442 mm
0.20%
Dz
0.00238372 mm
0.16%
156
1.43.1 Description
A square plate simply supported is subjected to a uniform load. The vertical displacement and the bending moments
at the plate center are verified.
1.43.2 Background
1.43.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/9
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a =b = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.01 m,
Materials properties
157
Boundary conditions
Outer: Simple support on the plate perimeter (null displacement along z-axis),
Inner: None
Loading
1.43.2.2 Vertical displacement and bending moment at the center of the plate
Reference solution
Love-Kirchhoff thin plates theory.
Finite elements modeling
Result description
Reference value
CM2
-4.43 x 10-3
CM2
0.0479
CM2
0.0479
Result description
Vertical displacement at plate center [m]
Value
-0.00435847 m
Mxx
0.0471381 N*m
-1.59%
Myy
0.0471381 N*m
-1.59%
158
Error
1.61%
1.44.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement of a rectangular shear plate fixed at one end, loaded with two forces.
1.44.2 Background
1.44.2.1 Model description
01-0055SSLSB_FEM
Scale = 1/50
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 12 m,
Width: l = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.05 m,
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
External:
At B: Fz = -1.0 N,
At C: FZ = 1.0 N,
Internal: None.
Deformed shape
Shear plate
Scale = 1/35
Deformed
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
35.37 x 10-3
160
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [m]
Value
35.6655 mm
Error
0.84%
1.45.1 Description
A spherical shell with holes is subjected to 4 forces, opposite 2 by 2. The horizontal displacement is verified.
1.45.2 Background
01-0049SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Radius: R = 10 m
Thickness: h = 0.04 m,
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer: For modeling, we consider only a quarter of the shell, so we impose symmetry conditions (nodes in the
vertical yz plane are restrained in translation along x and in rotation along y and z. Nodes on the vertical xy
plane are restrained in translation along z and in rotation along x and y),
Inner: None.
Loading
Deformed shape
Spherical shell with holes
162
Deformed
Scale = 1/79
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
94.0
Result description
Horizontal displacement at point A(R,0,0) [mm]
Value
92.6205 mm
Error
-1.47%
163
1.46.1 Description
A rectangular plate simply supported is subjected to a uniform load. The vertical displacement and the bending
moments at the plate center are verified.
1.46.2 Background
1.46.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/25
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Width: a = 1 m,
Length: b = 5 m,
Thickness: h = 0.01 m,
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
164
Outer: Simple support on the plate perimeter (null displacement along z-axis),
Inner: None.
Loading
1.46.2.2 Vertical displacement and bending moment at the center of the plate
Reference solution
Love-Kirchhoff thin plates theory.
Finite elements modeling
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
1.416 x 10-2
CM2
Mxx
0.1246
CM2
Myy
0.0375
Result description
Vertical displacement at plate center [cm]
Value
-1.40141 cm
Error
1.03%
Mxx
-0.124082 N*m
0.42%
Myy
-0.0375624 N*m
-0.17%
165
1.47 A plate (0.01 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (010057SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2487
Test status: Passed
1.47.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.01 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a
uniform pressure.
1.47.2 Background
1.47.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.01 m,
a
Slenderness: = h = 100.
A
Materials properties
Reinforcement,
11
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 Pa,
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed sides: AB and BD,
For the modeling, we impose symmetry conditions at the CB side (restrained displacement along x and
restrained rotation around y and z) and CD side (restrained displacement along y and restrained rotation
around x and z),
166
Inner: None.
Loading
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-6.639 x 10-2
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [cm]
Value
-6.56563 cm
Error
1.11%
167
1.48 A plate (0.02 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (010059SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2489
Test status: Passed
1.48.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.02 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a
uniform pressure.
1.48.2 Background
1.48.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.02 m,
a
Slenderness: = h = 50.
A
Materials properties
Reinforcement,
11
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 Pa,
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed edges: AB and BD,
For the modeling, we impose symmetry conditions at the CB side (restrained displacement along x and
restrained rotation around y and z) and CD side (restrained displacement along y and restrained rotation
around x and z),
Inner: None.
Loading
168
1.1.1
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-0.83480 x 10-2
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [cm]
Value
-0.82559 cm
Error
1.10%
169
1.49.1 Description
A spherical dome of radius (a) is subjected to a uniform external pressure. The horizontal displacement and the
external meridian stresses are verified.
1.49.2 Background
1.49.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
170
Geometry
Radius: a = 2.54 m,
Thickness: h = 0.0127 m,
Angle: = 75.
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
Deformed shape
171
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
Horizontal displacements in = 15
1.73 x 10-3
CM2
DX
Horizontal displacements in = 45
-1.02 x 10-3
CM2
syy_mid
-74
CM2
sxx_mid
-68
Result description
Horizontal displacements in Psi = 15 [mm]
Value
1.73064 mm
Error
0.04%
DX
-1.01367 mm
0.62%
syy_mid
-72.2609 MPa
2.35%
sxx_mid
-68.9909 MPa
-1.46%
172
1.50 Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments (010054SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2484
Test status: Passed
1.50.1 Description
A rectangular plate simply supported is subjected to a punctual force and moments. The vertical displacement is
verified.
1.50.2 Background
1.50.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Width: DA = CB = 20 m,
Length: AB = DC = 5 m,
Thickness: h = 1 m,
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
173
Loading
External:
In B: MX = 20 Nm, MY = 10 Nm,
Deformed shape
Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments
Deformed
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-12.480
174
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [m]
Value
-12.6677 m
Error
-1.50%
1.51 A plate (0.01333 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (010058SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2488
Test status: Passed
1.51.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.01333 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with
a uniform pressure.
1.51.2 Background
1.51.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.01333 m,
a
Slenderness: = h = 75.
A
Materials properties
Reinforcement,
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa,
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed sides: AB and BD,
For the modeling, we impose symmetry conditions at the CB side (restrained displacement along x and
restrained rotation around y and z) and CD side (restrained displacement along y and restrained rotation
around x and z),
Inner: None.
175
Loading
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-2.8053 x 10-2
176
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [cm]
Value
-2.79502 cm
Error
0.37%
1.52.1 Description
A cylinder of length L is pinched by 2 diametrically opposite forces (F). The vertical displacement is verified.
1.52.2 Background
01-0048SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
177
Geometry
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer: For the modeling, we consider only half of the cylinder, so we impose symmetry conditions (nodes in
the horizontal xz plane are restrained in translation along y and in rotation along x and z),
Inner: None.
Loading
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-113.9 x 10-3
178
Result description
Vertical displacement in point A [mm]
Value
-113.3 mm
Error
0.53%
1.53.1 Description
A rectangular plate simply supported is subjected to a uniform load. The vertical displacement and the bending
moments at the plate center are verified.
1.53.2 Background
1.53.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/11
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Width: a = 1 m,
Length: b = 2 m,
Thickness: h = 0.01 m,
Materials properties
179
Boundary conditions
Outer: Simple support on the plate perimeter (null displacement along z-axis),
Inner: None.
Loading
1.53.2.2 Vertical displacement and bending moment at the center of the plate
Reference solution
Love-Kirchhoff thin plates theory.
Finite elements modeling
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-1.1060 x 10-2
CM2
Mxx
-0.1017
CM2
Myy
-0.0464
Result description
Vertical displacement at plate center [cm]
Value
-1.10238 cm
Error
0.33%
Mxx
-0.101737 N*m
-0.04%
Myy
-0.0462457 N*m
0.33%
180
1.54.1 Description
A truss with hinged bars is placed on three punctual supports (subjected to imposed displacements) and is loaded
with two punctual forces. A thermal load is applied to all the bars. The traction force and the vertical displacement are
verified.
1.54.2 Background
1.54.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
= 30,
Section A1 = 1.41 x 10-3 m2,
-3
2
Section A2 = 2.82 x 10 m .
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
181
Loading
External:
Expansion effect on all bars for a temperature variation of 150 in relation with the assembly
temperature (specified geometry),
Internal: None.
Deformed shape
Triangulated system with hinged bars
182
01-0056SSLLB_FEM
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fx
43633
CM2
DZ
-0.01618
Result description
Fx traction force on BD bar [N]
Vertical displacement on point D [m]
Value
42870.9 N
-0.0162358 m
Error
-1.75%
-0.34%
183
1.55 A plate (0.01333 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (010063SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2493
Test status: Passed
1.55.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.01333 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with
a punctual force in the center.
1.55.2 Background
1.55.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
184
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.01333 m,
a
Slenderness: = h = 75.
A
Scale = 1/5
Materials properties
Reinforcement,
11
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 Pa,
Boundary conditions
Loading
185
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.12525
186
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [m]
Value
-0.124583 m
Error
0.53%
1.56.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode transverse frequencies for a thin piping elbow with a radius of 1 m, fixed on its ends and
subjected to its self weight only.
1.56.2 Background
1.56.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/7
01-0067SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
187
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
fj =
transverse bending:
i2
2 R2
A
EA
GIp
A
EA
where i = 1,2.
188
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
44.23
CM2
Eigen mode
125
Result description
Eigen mode Transverse 1 frequency [Hz]
Eigen mode Transverse 2 frequency [Hz]
Value
44.12 Hz
120.09 Hz
Error
-0.25%
-3.93%
189
1.57 A plate (0.1 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (010061SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2491
Test status: Passed
1.57.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.1 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a
uniform pressure.
1.57.2 Background
1.57.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.1 m,
a
Slenderness: = h = 10.
A
Materials properties
Reinforcement,
11
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 Pa,
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed edges: AB and BD,
For the modeling, we impose symmetry conditions at the CB side (restrained displacement along x and
restrained rotation around y and z) and CD side (restrained displacement along y and restrained rotation
around x and z),
190
Inner: None.
Loading
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-0.78661 x 10-4
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [mm]
Value
-0.0781846 mm
Error
0.61%
191
1.58 A plate (0.05 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (010065SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2495
Test status: Passed
1.58.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.05 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a
punctual force in the center.
1.58.2 Background
1.58.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.05 m,
Slenderness: = 20.
Materials properties
192
Reinforcement,
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa,
Scale = 1/5
Boundary conditions
Loading
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.2595 x 10-2
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [m]
Value
-0.00257232 m
Error
0.86%
193
1.59.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode transverse frequencies for a thin piping elbow with a radius of 1 m, extended with two
straight elements (2 m long) and subjected to its self weight only.
Units
I. S.
194
Scale = 1/12
Geometry
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
transverse bending:
fj =
i2
2 R2
A
EA
GIp
A
EA
195
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
17.900
CM2
Eigen mode
24.800
196
Result description
Eigen mode Transverse 1 frequency [Hz]
Value
17.65 Hz
Error
-1.40%
24.43 Hz
-1.49%
1.60 Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Columns) (010078SSLPB_FEM)
Test ID: 2501
Test status: Passed
1.60.1 Description
Moments and actions on supports calculation on a 2D portal frame. The purpose of this test is to verify the results of
Advance Design for the M. R. study of a 2D portal frame.
1.60.2 Background
1.60.2.1 Model description
197
VA = VE =
MB =
qh
2L
HE =
qh
HEh
2
qh 5kh + 6(2h + f )
16 h(k + 3 ) + f (3h + f )
H A = HE qh
qh
HE (h + f )
4
MD = HEh
MC =
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fz
140.6
CM2
Fz
-140.6
CM2
Fx
579.1
CM2
Fx
170.9
CM2
My
Moment in B [DaNm]
-1530.8
CM2
My
Moment in D [DaNm]
-1281.7
CM2
My
Moment in C [DaNm]
302.7
Result description
Vertical reaction V on node A [daN]
Value
140.625 daN
Error
0.02%
Fz
-140.625 daN
-0.02%
Fx
579.169 daN
0.01%
Fx
170.831 daN
-0.04%
My
-1531.27 daN*m
-0.03%
My
-1281.23 daN*m
0.04%
My
302.063 daN*m
-0.21%
198
1.61 A plate (0.01 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (010062SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2492
Test status: Passed
1.61.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.01 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a
punctual force in the center.
1.61.2 Background
Scale = 1/5
01-0062SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.01 m,
a
Slenderness: = h = 100.
A
Materials properties
Reinforcement,
199
Boundary conditions
Loading
200
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.29579
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [m]
Value
-0.292146 m
Error
1.23%
201
1.62 A plate (0.1 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0066SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2496
Test status: Passed
1.62.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.1 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a
punctual force in the center.
1.62.2 Background
1.62.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.1 m,
Slenderness: = 10.
Materials properties
202
Reinforcement,
11
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 Pa,
Scale = 1/5
Boundary conditions
Loading
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.42995 x 10-3
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [mm]
Value
-0.412094 mm
Error
4.15%
203
1.63 Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Rafters) (010077SSLPB_FEM)
Test ID: 2500
Test status: Passed
1.63.1 Description
Moments and actions on supports calculation on a 2D portal frame. The purpose of this test is to verify the results of
Advance Design for the M. R. study of a 2D portal frame.
1.63.2 Background
1.63.2.1 Model description
204
VA = VE =
qL
2
H A = HE =
MB = MD = Hh
MC =
qL
8h + 5f
=H
32 h(k + 3 ) + f (3h + f )
qL
H(h + f )
8
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fz
-1000
CM2
Fz
-1000
CM2
Fx
-332.9
CM2
Fx
-332.9
CM2
My
2496.8
CM2
My
-2496.8
CM2
My
-1671
Result description
Vertical reaction V on node A [daN]
Value
-1000 daN
Error
0.00%
Fz
-1000 daN
0.00%
Fx
-332.665 daN
0.07%
Fx
-332.665 daN
0.07%
My
2494.99 daN*m
-0.07%
My
-2494.99 daN*m
0.07%
My
-1673.35 daN*m
-0.14%
205
1.64 A plate (0.05 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (010060SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2490
Test status: Passed
1.64.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.05 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a
uniform pressure.
1.64.2 Background
1.64.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.05 m,
a
Slenderness: = h = 20.
A
Materials properties
Reinforcement,
11
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 Pa,
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed edges: AB and BD,
For the modeling, we impose symmetry conditions at the CB side (restrained displacement along x and
restrained rotation around y and z) and CD side (restrained displacement along y and restrained rotation
around x and z),
206
Inner: None.
Loading
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-0.55474 x 10-3
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [cm]
Value
-0.0549874 cm
Error
0.88%
207
1.65 A plate (0.02 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (010064SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2494
Test status: Passed
1.65.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.02 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a
punctual force in the center.
1.65.2 Background
1.65.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Side: a = 1 m,
Thickness: h = 0.02 m,
Slenderness: = 50.
Materials properties
208
Reinforcement,
11
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 Pa,
Scale = 1/5
Boundary conditions
Loading
209
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-0.037454
210
Result description
Vertical displacement in point C [m]
Value
-0.0369818 m
Error
1.26%
1.66.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode transverse frequencies for a thin piping elbow with a radius of 1 m, extended with two
straight elements (0.6 m long) and subjected to its self weight only.
1.66.2 Background
1.66.2.1 Model description
Scale = 1/11
01-0068SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
211
O(0;0;0)
A(0;R;0)
B(R;0;0)
C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
transverse bending:
fj =
i2
2 R2
A
EA
GIp
A
EA
where i = 1,2.
212
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
33.4
CM2
Eigen mode
100
Result description
Eigen mode Transverse 1 frequency [Hz]
Value
33.19 Hz
Error
-0.63%
94.62 Hz
-5.38%
213
1.67.1 Description
Calculation of support reactions of a 2D portal frame with hinged supports.
1.67.2 Background
1.67.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 20 m,
-4
4
I1 = 5.0 x 10 m
a=4m
h=8m
b = 10.77 m
-4
4
I2 = 2.5 x 10 m
Materials properties
214
Boundary conditions
Hinged base plates A and B (uA = vA = 0 ; uB = vB = 0).
Loading
p = -3 000 N/m
F1 = -20 000 N
F2 = -10 000 N
M = -100 000 Nm
K = (I2/b)(h/I1)
p = a/h
m=1+p
B = 2(K + 1) + m
C = 1 + 2m
N = B + mC
VA = 3pl/8 + F1/2 M/l + F2h/l
HA = pl(3 + 5m)/(32Nh) + (F1l/(4h))(C/N) + F2(1-(B + C)/(2N)) + (3M/h)((1 + m)/(2N))
Value
31 500.0
20 239.4
-0.03072
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Fz
-31500
CM2
Fx
-20239.4
CM2
DZ
-0.03072
Result description
Vertical reaction V in point A [N]
Value
-31500 N
Error
0.00%
Fx
-20239.3 N
0.00%
DZ
-0.0307191 m
0.00%
215
1.68.1 Description
Fixed/free slender beam with centered mass.
Tested functions: Eigen mode frequencies, straight slender beam, combined bending-torsion, plane bending,
transverse bending, punctual mass.
1.68.2 Background
Units
I. S.
Geometry
216
Outer diameter
Inner diameter:
Beam length:
Area:
Polar inertia:
Inertia:
de = 0.35 m,
di = 0.32 m,
l = 10 m,
A = 1.57865 x 10-2 m2
-4 4
IP = 4.43798 x 10 m
Iy = Iz = 2.21899 x 10-4m4
Punctual mass:
Beam self-weight:
mc = 1000 kg
M
Materials properties
Poisson's ratio: =0.3 (this coefficient was not specified in the AFNOR test , the value 0.3 seems to be the
more appropriate to obtain the correct frequency value of mode No. 8 with NE/NASTRAN)
Boundary conditions
Loading
None for the modal analysis
f1 = 1 / 2 x
3 EI z
3
I (m c + 0.24M)
Mode
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Comment:
Shape
Flexion
Flexion
Flexion
Flexion
Flexion
Flexion
Traction
Torsion
Flexion
Flexion
Units
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Reference
1.65
1.65
16.07
16.07
50.02
50.02
76.47
80.47
103.2
103.2
The mass matrix associated with the beam torsion on two nodes, is expressed as:
l IP 1 1/ 2
3
1/ 2 1
And to the extent that Advance Design uses a condensed mass matrix, the value of the torsion mass inertia
introduced in the model is set to:
l Ip
3
Other modes: 1%
217
Modal deformations
218
Observation:
the deformed shape of mode No. 8 that does not really correspond to a torsion deformation, is
actually the display result of the translations and not of the rotations. This is confirmed by the rotation values of the
corresponding mode.
Node
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
DX
-3.336e-033
-5.030e-013
-1.005e-012
-1.505e-012
-2.002e-012
-2.495e-012
-2.983e-012
-3.464e-012
-3.939e-012
-4.406e-012
-4.863e-012
-5.310e-012
-5.746e-012
-6.169e-012
-6.580e-012
-6.976e-012
-7.357e-012
-7.723e-012
-8.072e-012
-8.403e-012
-8.717e-012
DY
6.479e-031
1.575e-008
6.185e-008
1.365e-007
2.381e-007
3.648e-007
5.149e-007
6.867e-007
8.785e-007
1.088e-006
1.315e-006
1.556e-006
1.811e-006
2.077e-006
2.353e-006
2.637e-006
2.928e-006
3.224e-006
3.524e-006
3.826e-006
4.130e-006
RY
5.770e-028
6.022e-008
1.171e-007
1.705e-007
2.206e-007
2.673e-007
3.106e-007
3.506e-007
3.873e-007
4.207e-007
4.508e-007
4.777e-007
5.015e-007
5.221e-007
5.396e-007
5.541e-007
5.658e-007
5.746e-007
5.808e-007
5.844e-007
5.856e-007
RZ
5.980e-028
6.243e-008
1.214e-007
1.769e-007
2.289e-007
2.774e-007
3.225e-007
3.641e-007
4.023e-007
4.371e-007
4.684e-007
4.964e-007
5.210e-007
5.423e-007
5.605e-007
5.755e-007
5.874e-007
5.965e-007
6.028e-007
6.065e-007
6.077e-007
219
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
1.65
CM2
1.65
CM2
16.07
CM2
16.07
CM2
50.02
CM2
50.02
CM2
76.47
CM2
103.20
CM2
103.20
Comment: The difference between the reference frequency of torsion mode (mode No. 8) and the one found by
Advance Design may be explained by the fact that Advance Design is using a lumped mass matrix (see the
corresponding description sheet).
220
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
Value
1.65 Hz
Error
0.00%
1.65 Hz
0.00%
16.06 Hz
-0.06%
16.06 Hz
-0.06%
50 Hz
-0.04%
50 Hz
-0.04%
76.46 Hz
-0.01%
103.14 Hz
-0.06%
103.14 Hz
-0.06%
1.69 Slender beam of variable rectangular section with fixed-free ends (=5) (01-0085SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2503
Test status: Passed
1.69.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes (bending) for a slender beam with variable rectangular section (fixed-free).
1.69.2 Background
1.69.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 1 m,
Straight initial section:
h0 = 0.04 m
b0 = 0.05 m
-3
A0 = 2 x 10 m
Straight final section
h1 = 0.01 m
b1 = 0.01 m
-4
A1 = 10 m
Materials properties
E = 2 x 1011 Pa
= 7800 kg/m3
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed at end x = 0,
Free at end x = 1
Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
221
EIz
= A
x
t
x 2
where Iz and A vary with the abscissa.
The result is:
= h1 = 4
h1 E
1
with
i(, )
fi =
12
2
l
= b = 5
b1
=5
1
24.308
2
75.56
3
167.21
4
301.9
MODE 1
222
1
2
3
4
5
Frequency (Hz)
56.55
175.79
389.01
702.36
1117.63
Scale = 1/4
5
480.4
MODE 2
MODE 3
Scale = 1/4
Scale = 1/4
223
MODE 4
MODE 5
224
Scale = 1/4
Scale = 1/4
Result name
Result description
Reference value
Eigen mode
56.55
Eigen mode
175.79
Eigen mode
389.01
Eigen mode
702.36
Eigen mode
1117.63
Result description
Frequency of eigen mode 1 [Hz]
Value
58.49 Hz
Error
3.43%
177.67 Hz
1.07%
388.85 Hz
-0.04%
697.38 Hz
-0.71%
1106.31 Hz
-1.01%
225
1.70.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement and the normal force on a cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling with thermal load.
1.70.2 Background
1.70.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
2
S=0.01 m
4
I = 0.0002 m
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
226
N
100000
=
= 0.0005 = T = 0.00001 50 )
ES 2.10 10 0.01
Pcritical =
2 EI
2
4L
= 98696 N =
98696
= 0.98696
100000
Observation: in this case, the thermal load has no effect over the critical coefficient
Finite elements modeling
Deformed shape
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-1.0
CM2
Fx
-100000
CM2
Fx
-98696
Result description
Vertical displacement on Node 5 [cm]
Value
-1 cm
Error
0.00%
Fx
-100000 N
0.00%
Fx
-98699.3 N
0.00%
227
1.71.1 Description
Double cross with hinged ends.
Tested functions: Eigen frequencies, crossed beams, in plane bending.
1.71.2 Background
Units
I. S.
Geometry
228
Arm length:
Dimensions:
Area:
Inertia:
L=5m
a x b = 0.125 x 0.125
-2
2
A = 1.563 10 m
-5 4
IP = 3.433 x 10 m
Iy = Iz = 2.035 x 10-5m4
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
None for the modal analysis
Units
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Reference
11.336
17.709
17.709
45.345
57.390
57.390
Modal deformations
229
230
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Frequency
11.336
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
17.709
CM2
Frequency
45.345
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
CM2
Frequency
57.390
Result description
Frequency of Eigen Mode 1 [Hz]
Value
11.33 Hz
Error
-0.05%
17.66 Hz
-0.28%
17.66 Hz
-0.28%
17.69 Hz
-0.11%
17.69 Hz
-0.11%
17.69 Hz
-0.11%
17.69 Hz
-0.11%
17.69 Hz
-0.11%
45.02 Hz
-0.72%
56.06 Hz
-2.32%
56.06 Hz
-2.32%
56.34 Hz
-1.83%
56.34 Hz
-1.83%
56.34 Hz
-1.83%
56.34 Hz
-1.83%
56.34 Hz
-1.83%
231
1.72.1 Description
Membrane with hot point.
Tested functions: Stresses.
1.72.2 Background
Observation: the units system of the initial NAFEMS test, defined in mm, was transposed in m for practical reasons.
However, this has no influence on the results values.
Units
I. S.
232
Geometry / meshing
A quarter of the structure is modeled by incorporating the terms of symmetries.
Thickness: 1 m
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
External: None,
233
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
syy_mid
yy in A [MPa]
50
Note: This value (50.87) is obtained with a vertical cross section through point A. The value represents yy at the left
end of the diagram.
With CM2, it is essential to display the results with the Smooth results on planar elements option deactivated.
234
Result description
Sigma yy in A [MPa]
Value
50.8666 MPa
Error
1.73%
1.73.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes (flexion) for a slender beam with variable rectangular section (fixed-fixed).
1.73.2 Background
1.73.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 0.6 m,
Constant thickness: h = 0.01 m
Initial section:
b0 = 0.03 m
A0 = 3 x 10-4 m
Section variation:
with ( = 1)
b = b0e-2x
A = A0e-2x
Materials properties
E = 2 x 1011 Pa
= 0.3
= 7800 kg/m3
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Fixed at end x = 0,
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
235
1 cos(rl)ch(sl) +
s r
sh(sl)sin(rl) = 0
2rs
with
4i =
A 0 i2
si
; r = + 2i ; s = 2i
2i > 0
EIzo
cos(rl) ch(sl)
i (x ) = e x cos(rx ) ch(sx ) +
(s sin(rx ) rsh(sx ))
rsh(sl) s sin(rl)
236
0.5
0.354
0.752
1
1
0.6
0
0
0
0
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
143.303
CM2
Eigen mode
396.821
CM2
Eigen mode
779.425
CM2
Eigen mode
1289.577
Result description
Frequency of eigen mode 1 [Hz]
Value
145.88 Hz
Error
1.80%
400.26 Hz
0.87%
783.15 Hz
0.48%
1293.42 Hz
0.30%
237
1.74.1 Description
A 3D bar structure with elastic support is subjected to a vertical load of -100 kN. The V2 magnitude on node 5, the
normal force magnitude, the reaction magnitude on supports and the action magnitude are verified.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
For all bars:
H=3m
B=3m
2
S = 0.02 m
Element
1 (bar)
2 (bar)
3 (bar)
4 (bar)
5 (spring)
Node i
1
2
3
4
5
Node j
5
5
5
5
6
Materials properties
238
Boundary conditions
Loading
L= H2 +
B2
. Also, U1 = V1 = U5 = U6 = V6 = 0
2
x
x
1
1
u ( x) = (1 ).ui + .u j u ( ) = (1 ).ui + (1 + ).u j
L
L
2
2
2x
where =
1
L
in the local coordinate system:
1
[k1 ] = [B] [H ][B]dVe = ES 0 [B]T [B]dx = ES 1 12 1 1 2 d
ve
2 2 L
2
1 0 1
1
1
1
2 ES 4 4
ES 1 1 (ui ) ES 0 0 0
=
d =
=
L 1 1 (u j ) L 1 0 1
L 1 1 1
4 4
0 0 0
T
0 (ui )
0 (vi )
0 (u j )
0 (v j )
239
where
[k 1 ] = ES 0
L 1
0 1 0 (u1 )
0 0 0 ( v 1 )
0 1 0 (u 5 )
0 0 0 ( v 5 )
[ ]
The elementary matrix k e expressed in the global coordinate system XY is the following: ( angle allowing
the transition from the global base to the local base):
0
0
cos sin
sin cos
0
0
T
[K e ] = [R e ] [k e ][R e ] avec [R e ] =
0
0
cos sin
sin cos
0
0
cos 2
cos 2
cos sin
cos sin
cos sin
sin 2
sin
[K e ] = ES cos sin
L
cos sin
cos 2
cos 2
cos sin
2
sin
cos sin
sin 2
cos sin
Knowing that
cos =
B
L 2
and sin
B2
2
cos = 2
2L
2
H
H2
, then: sin = 2
=
L
L
HB
sin cos =
2L2
B2
2
HB
ES
H
for element 1 nodes 1 5, = arctan ( ) : [K1 ] = 3 22
B
L
D
2
HB
2
HB
2
H2
HB
2
H2
B2
2
HB
2
B2
2
HB
2
We say K =
K
4
1
0
1 1 (ui )
1
1
0
0
for element 5 nodes 5 6, = 90 : [K 5 ] = K '
0
240
HB
2
(U 1 )
H2
(V1 )
HB (U 5 )
2 (V5 )
H2
0 1 0 (ui )
0 0 0 (vi )
0 1 0 (u j )
0 0 0 (v j )
0 0 0 (U 5 )
1 0 1 (V5 )
0 0 0 (U 6 )
1 0 1 (V6 )
[ ]
ES B 2
3
L 2
ES HB
L3
2
2
ES
B
L3 2
ES HB
L3 2
ES HB
L3 2
ES 2
H
L3
ES HB
3
L
2
ES 2
3 H
L
0
ES B 2
L3 2
ES HB
3
L
2
ES B 2
L3 2
ES HB
L3 2
0
ES HB
L3 2
ES
3 H2
L
ES HB
L3 2
ES 2
H + K
L3
0
K
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
U R
X1
1
0 V R
1
Y1
U
R
5
X5
0 =
V5
P
K U 6 R X 6
V R
6 Y6
0
If U1 = V1 = U5 = U6 = V6 = 0, then:
V5 =
And
ES 2
H + K
L3
4
= 0.001885 m
ES 2 K
+
H
4
L3
ES HB
ES HB
R X6 = 0
V5 = 1015 N
V5 = 1015 N R X5 = 3
3
L
L
2
2
K
ES
R Y 6 = V5 = 23563 N
= 3 H 2 V5 = 1436 N
4
L
R X1 =
R Y1
Note:
x1
Effort in bar 1:
B
L 2
u1 H
v
1 L
=
u5 0
v5
0
H
L
B
L 2
0
0
u1 cos
v sin
1
=
u5 0
v5 0
0
0
B
L 2
H
sin
cos
0
0
0
U1
0 V
1 and ES 1 1 u1 = N1 = 1759
H U 5
L 1 1 u5 N 5 1759
L V
5
B
L 2
0
0
cos
sin
0 U1
0 V1
ES 1 1 u1 N1
and
=
sin U 5
L 1 1 u5 N 5
cos V5
241
Reference values
Point
5
All bars
Supports 1, 3, 4 and 5
Supports 1, 3, 4 and 5
Magnitude
V2
Normal force
Fz action
Action Fx=Fy
Units
m
N
N
N
Support 6
Fz action
Deformed shape
242
Value
-1.885 10-3
-1759
-1436
1015 / 2 = 718
23563 x 4=94253
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
-1.885 10-3
CM2
Fx
-1759
CM2
Fx
-1759
CM2
Fx
-1759
CM2
Fx
-1759
CM2
Fz
1436
CM2
Fz
1436
CM2
Fz
1436
CM2
Fz
1436
CM2
Fx
-718
CM2
Fx
718
CM2
Fx
718
CM2
Fx
-718
CM2
Fy
-718
CM2
Fy
-718
CM2
Fy
718
CM2
Fy
718
CM2
Fz
23563 x 4=94253
243
Result description
Displacement on node 5 [mm]
Value
1.88508 mm
Error
0.00%
Fx
-1759.4 N
-0.02%
Fx
-1759.4 N
-0.02%
Fx
-1759.4 N
-0.02%
Fx
-1759.4 N
-0.02%
Fy
1436.55 N
0.04%
Fy
1436.55 N
0.04%
Fy
1436.55 N
0.04%
Fy
1436.55 N
0.04%
Fx
-718.274 N
-0.04%
Fx
718.274 N
0.04%
Fx
718.274 N
0.04%
Fx
-718.274 N
-0.04%
Fz
-718.274 N
-0.04%
Fz
-718.274 N
-0.04%
Fz
718.274 N
0.04%
Fz
718.274 N
0.04%
Fy
94253.8 N
0.00%
244
1.75.1 Description
Simple supported beam in free vibration.
Tested functions: Shear force, eigen frequencies.
1.75.2 Background
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Dimensions:
Area:
Inertia:
a x b = 2m x 2 m
2
A = 4m
IP = 2.25 m4
4
Iy = Iz = 1.333 m
245
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
x = y = z = Rx = 0 at A ;
y = z =0 at B ;
Inner: None.
Loading
None for the modal analysis
Shape
Flexion
Flexion
Torsion
Traction
Flexion
Flexion
Torsion
Flexion
Flexion
Units
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Reference
42.649
42.649
77.542
125.00
148.31
148.31
233.10
284.55
284.55
Comment: Due to the condensed (lumped) nature of the mass matrix of Advance Design, the frequencies values of 3
and 7 modes cannot be found by this software. The same modeling done with NE/NASTRAN gave respectively for
mode 3 and 7: 77.2 and 224.1 Hz.
Finite elements modeling
Modal deformations
246
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
42.649
CM2
42.649
CM2
77.542
CM2
125.00
CM2
148.31
CM2
148.31
CM2
233.10
Comment: The torsion modes No. 3 and 7 that are calculated with NASTRAN cannot be calculated with Advance
Design CM2 solver and therefore the mode No. 3 of the Advance Design analysis corresponds to mode No. 4 of the
reference. The same problem in the case of No. 7 - Advance Design, that corresponds to mode No. 8 of the
reference.
Result description
Frequency of eigen mode 1 [Hz]
Value
43.11 Hz
Error
1.08%
43.11 Hz
1.08%
124.49 Hz
-0.41%
149.38 Hz
0.72%
149.38 Hz
0.72%
269.55 Hz
-5.27%
269.55 Hz
-5.27%
247
1.76.1 Description
Verifies the deflection magnitude on a non-slender beam with two hinged supports.
1.76.2 Background
1.76.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length: L = 1.44 m,
-4
Area: A = 31 x 10 m
Inertia: I = 2810 x 10-8 m4
Shearing coefficient: az = 2.42 = A/Ar
Materials properties
E = 2 x 1011 Pa
= 0.3
Boundary conditions
Hinge at end x = 0,
Hinge at end x = 1.44 m.
Loading
Uniformly distributed force of p = -1. X 105 N/m on beam AB.
248
v=
5 pl 4
l 2p
+
384 EI 8 A r G
where G =
E
2(1 + )
and A r = A
az
where "Ar" is the reduced area and "az" the shear coefficient calculated on the transverse section.
Uncertainty about the reference: analytical solution:
Reference values
Point
C
Value
-1.25926 x 10-3
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Dz
-0.00125926
Result description
Deflection magnitude in node C [m]
Value
-0.00125926 m
Error
0.00%
249
1.77 Double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load (01-0091HFLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2506
Test status: Passed
1.77.1 Description
Verifies the normal force on the nodes of a double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load.
1.77.2 Background
1.77.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
Cross Section
IPE200
Sx m
Vx m3
0.002850
0.00000000
Sy m
V1y m3
0.001400
0.00002850
Sz m
V1z m3
0.001799
0.00019400
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
250
Ix m4
V2y m3
0.0000000646
0.00002850
Iy m4
V2z m3
0.0000014200
0.00019400
Iz m4
0.0000194300
Loading
External: Punctual load FZ = 1 N at = L/2 (load that initializes the deformed shape),
Pcritical =
2 EI
L
2
= 117.724 kN =
29.925
= 3.93
117.724
Observation: in this case, the thermal load has no effect over the critical coefficient
Finite elements modeling
251
Result description
Reference value
CM2
-29.925
CM2
-117.724
252
Result description
Normal Force Fx on Node 6 - Case 101 [kN]
Normal Force Fx on Node 6 - Case 102 [kN]
Value
-29.904 kN
-118.081 kN
Error
0.07%
-0.30%
1.78.1 Description
Fixed/free slender beam with eccentric mass or inertia.
Tested functions: Eigen mode frequencies, straight slender beam, combined bending-torsion, plane bending,
transverse bending, punctual mass.
1.78.2 Background
1.78.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Outer diameter:
Inner diameter:
Beam length:
Distance BC:
Area:
Inertia:
Polar inertia:
Punctual mass:
de= 0.35 m,
di = 0.32 m,
l = 10 m,
lBC = 1 m
A =1.57865 x 10-2 m2
-4 4
Iy = Iz = 2.21899 x 10 m
-4 4
Ip = 4.43798 x 10 m
mc = 1000 kg
253
Materials properties
Poisson's ratio =0.3(this coefficient was not specified in the AFNOR test , the value 0.3 seems to be the more
appropriate to obtain the correct frequency value of modes No. 4 and 5 with NE/NASTRAN:
Elastic modulus of BC element: E = 1021 Pa
Boundary conditions
Fixed at point A, x = 0,
Loading
None for the modal analysis
Units
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Reference
1.636
1.642
13.460
13.590
28.900
31.960
61.610
63.930
Modal deformations
254
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
CM2
Frequency
1.636
Frequency
1.642
CM2
Frequency
13.46
CM2
Frequency
13.59
CM2
Frequency
28.90
CM2
Frequency
31.96
CM2
Frequency
61.61
CM2
Frequency
63.93
Note:
fz + t0 = flexion x,z + torsion
fy + tr = flexion x,y + traction
Observation: because the mass matrix of Advance Design is condensed and not consistent, the torsion modes
obtained are not taking into account the self rotation mass inertia of the beam.
255
256
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
Value
1.64 Hz
Error
0.24%
1.64 Hz
-0.12%
13.45 Hz
-0.07%
13.65 Hz
0.44%
29.72 Hz
2.84%
31.96 Hz
0.00%
63.09 Hz
2.40%
63.93 Hz
0.00%
1.79.1 Description
Verifies the displacement and the normal force for a bar system containing 4 elements of the same length and 2
diagonals.
1.79.2 Background
1.79.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L=5m
Section S = 0.005 m2
Materials properties
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 N/m2.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
257
Loading
30PL
= 0.000649 m
11ES
6PL
v3 =
= 0.000129 m
11ES
25PL
u4 =
= 0.000541 m
11ES
5PL
v4 =
= 0.000108 m
11ES
u3 =
N normal forces
N12 = 0
N 23 =
N 43 =
N14 =
6
P = 27272 N
11
5
P = 22727 N
11
N13 =
5
P = 22727 N
11
6 2
P = 38569 N
11
N 42 =
5 2
P = 32141 N
11
Deformed shape
258
Normal forces
259
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
0.000649
CM2
DZ
-0.000129
CM2
DX
0.000541
CM2
DZ
0.000108
CM2
Fx
CM2
Fx
-27272
CM2
Fx
22727
CM2
Fx
22727
CM2
Fx
38569
CM2
Fx
-32141
Result description
u3 displacement on Node 3 [m]
Value
0.000649287 m
Error
0.04%
DZ
-0.000129871 m
-0.68%
DX
0.000541063 m
0.01%
DZ
0.000108224 m
0.21%
Fx
0N
0.00%
Fx
-27272.9 N
0.00%
Fx
22727.1 N
0.00%
Fx
22727.1 N
0.00%
Fx
38569.8 N
0.00%
Fx
-32140.9 N
0.00%
260
1.80.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement results for a concrete beam with 8 isostatic spans subjected to uniform loads.
Units
Forces: kN
Moment: kN.m
Stresses: MPa
2
Reinforcement density: cm
Geometry
Materials properties
Poisson's ratio: = 0.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinged at end x = 0,
Loading
External:
th
Case 9 (ACC): uniform linear load a = -25 kN/m (on 8 span)
th
Case 10 (DL):uniform linear load g = -5 kN/m (on 8 span)
Comb BAELUS: 1.35xDL+1.5xLL with duration of more than 24h (comb 101, 104 to 107)
Comb BAEULI: 1.35xDL+1.5xLL with duration between 1h and 24h (comb 102)
Comb BAELUC: 1.35xDL + 1.5xLL with duration of less than 1h (comb 103)
Comb BAELS: 1xDL + 1*LL (comb 108 to 114)
Comb BAELUA: 1xDL + 1xACC (comb 115)
Internal: None.
261
Concrete
B20
Reinforcement
HA fe500
Application
D>24h
Concrete
No
B35
Adx fe235
1h<D<24h
No
B50
HA fe 400
D<1h
Yes
4
5
B25
B60
HA fe500
HA fe500
D>24h
D>24h
Yes
No
6
7
8
B30
B40
B45
Adx fe235
HA fe500
HA fe500
D>24h
D>24h
D<1h
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cracking
Non
prejudicial
Non
prejudicial
Non
prejudicial
Prejudicial
Very
prejudicial
Prejudicial
160 MPa
Non
prejudicial
Span 1
20
1.8
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 2
35
2.7
235
0.9
1.5
1.15
1
Span 3
50
3.6
400
0.85
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 4
25
2.1
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 5
60
4.2
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 6
30
2.4
235
1
1.5
1.15
1
Span 7
40
3
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 8
45
3.3
500
0.85
1.15
1
1.6
fbu
fed
sigpreju
sigtpreju
11.33
434.78
250.00
200.00
22.04
204.35
156.67
125.33
33.33
347.83
264.00
211.20
14.17
434.78
250.00
200.00
34.00
434.78
285.15
228.12
17.00
204.35
156.67
125.33
22.67
434.78
160.00
160.00
39.13
500.00
252.76
202.21
g
q
pu
pser
l
Mu
Mser
Vu
5.00
9.00
20.25
14.00
6.00
91.13
63.00
60.75
ubu
a
z
Au
A
B
C
D
alpha1
z
Aserp
A
B
C
D
alpha1
z
Asertp
262
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
29.25
20.25
20.25
20.25
20.25
20.25
20.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
131.63
91.13
91.13
91.13
91.13
91.13
90.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
87.75
60.75
60.75
60.75
60.75
60.75
Longitudinal reinforcement calculation according to ELU
0.199
0.147
0.068
0.159
0.066
0.132
0.099
0.279
0.200
0.087
0.217
0.086
0.178
0.131
0.400
0.414
0.434
0.411
0.435
0.418
0.426
5.24
15.56
6.03
5.10
4.82
10.67
4.91
Main reinforcement calculation with prejudicial cracking according to SLS
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
-3.000
-3.000
-3.000
-3.000
-3.000
-3.000
-3.000
-0.56000
-0.89362
-0.87500
0.56000
0.89362
0.87500
0.367
0.442
0.438
0.395
0.384
0.384
6.38
10.48
10.25
Main reinforcement calculation with very prejudicial cracking according to SLS
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
-3.00
-3.00
-3.00
-3.00
-3.00
-3.00
-3.00
-0.70
-1.60
-0.66
-0.70
-0.61371
-1.12
-0.88
0.70
1.60
0.66
0.70
0.61371
1.12
0.88
0.381
0.393
7.030
5.00
25.00
30.00
6.00
135.00
90.00
0.085
0.111
0.430
6.28
1.000
-3.000
1.00
-3.00
0.00
0.00
Span 1
Span 2
tu
k
At/st
0.68
1.00
0.69
0.98
1.00
1.79
Aflex
Aminflex
At
Atmin
5.24
0.75
0.69
1.60
15.56
2.38
1.79
3.40
Span 3
Span 4
Span 5
Transversal reinforcement calculation
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.31
3.45
3.45
Recapitulation
6.03
6.38
7.03
1.86
0.87
1.74
4.31
3.45
3.45
2.00
1.60
1.60
Span 6
Span 7
Span 8
0.68
0.00
7.34
0.68
0.00
3.45
1.00
0.00
4.44
10.67
2.11
7.34
3.40
10.25
1.24
3.45
1.60
6.28
1.37
4.44
1.60
Result name
Az
Result description
Reference value
2
5.24
CM2
Amin
0.75
CM2
Atz
0.69
2
CM2
Az
15.56
CM2
Amin
2.38
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
CM2
Amin
1.79
6.03
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
1.86
4.31
6.38
CM2
Amin
0.87
CM2
Atz
3.45
2
CM2
Az
7.03
CM2
Amin
1.74
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
CM2
Amin
3.45
10.67
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
2.11
7.34
10.25
2
CM2
Amin
1.24
CM2
Atz
3.45
2
CM2
Az
6.28
CM2
Amin
1.37
CM2
Atz
4.44
The "Mu limit" method must be applied to attain the same results.
263
Result description
Inf. main reinf. T1 [cm]
Value
-5.24348 cm
Error
-0.07%
Amin
0.7452 cm
-0.64%
Atz
0.69 cm
0.00%
Az
-15.5613 cm
-0.01%
Amin
2.3783 cm
-0.07%
Atz
1.79433 cm
0.24%
Az
-6.03286 cm
-0.05%
Amin
1.863 cm
0.16%
Atz
4.3125 cm
0.06%
Az
-6.38336 cm
-0.05%
Amin
0.8694 cm
-0.07%
Atz
3.45 cm
0.00%
Az
-7.03527 cm
-0.07%
Amin
1.7388 cm
-0.07%
Atz
3.45 cm
0.00%
Az
-10.6698 cm
0.00%
Amin
2.11404 cm
0.19%
Atz
7.34043 cm
0.01%
Az
-10.2733 cm
-0.23%
Amin
1.242 cm
0.16%
Atz
3.45 cm
0.00%
Az
-6.29338 cm
-0.21%
Amin
1.3662 cm
-0.28%
Atz
4.44444 cm
0.10%
264
1.81.1 Description
Verifies the rotation, the displacement and the moment on a beam consisting of two elements of the same length and
identical characteristics with 3 T/C supports (k -> infinite).
1.81.2 Background
1.81.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
4
Section: IPE 200, Iz = 0.00001943 m
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
265
(
) = 0.000115 rad
32EI (3EI + 2k L )
PL (3EI + k L )
=
= 0.000077 rad
16EI (3EI + 2k L )
3PL2 2EI z + k y L3
1 =
v3 =
3PL3
=0
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
3 =
) = 0.000038 rad
+ 2k L )
PL 6EI z + k y L3
32EI z 3EI z
Mz Moments
M z1 = 0
Mz2 =
3k y PL4
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
M z ( x = 5m) =
) = 93.75 N.m
PL (M z 2 M z1 )
+
= 203.13 N.m
4
2
Deformed shape
266
Moment diagram
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
0.000115
CM2
RY
-0.000077
CM2
DZ
CM2
RY
0.000038
CM2
My
CM2
My
93.75
CM2
My
-203.13
Result description
Rotation Ry in node 1 [rad]
Value
0.000115005 Rad
Error
0.00%
RY
-7.65875e-005 Rad
0.54%
DZ
9.36486e-030 m
0.00%
RY
3.81695e-005 Rad
0.45%
My
1.3145e-013 N*m
0.00%
My
93.6486 N*m
-0.11%
My
-203.176 N*m
-0.02%
267
1.82.1 Description
A structure consisting of 2 beams and 2 punctual masses, subjected to a lateral earthquake along X. The frequency
modes, the eigen vectors, the participation factors, the displacement at the top of the mast and the forces at the top
of the mast are verified.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length:
Outer radius:
Inner radius:
L = 35 m,
Rext = 3.00 m
Rint = 2.80 m
Axial section:
Polar inertia:
Bending inertias:
S= 3.644 m2
Ip = 30.68 m4
4
Ix =15.34 m
4
Iy = 15.34 m
Masses
M1 =203873.6 kg
M2 =101936.8 kg
Materials properties
268
Poisson's ratio:
= 0.1,
Density:
= 25 kN/m3
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed in X = 0, Y = 0 m,
Loading
48EI
7L3
det K M 2 = 0
M1
M
0
16
M2
Eigen modes
1
2
Units
Hz
Hz
Reference
2.085
10.742
Modal vectors
For 1:
48EI 16 5 M 2
1 1
7L3 5 2 0
U1
U 1
= 0 1 1 =
M 2 1 U 2
U 2 3.055
0
For 2:
U 1
2 1 =
U 2 0.655
Normalizing relative to the mass
9.305 10 4
2.01 10 3
; 2
1
3
1.316 10 3
2.842 10
269
Modal deformations
Nominal acceleration:
f1 = 2.085Hz a n = 5.5411m s 2
f 2 = 10.742Hz a n = 6.25 m s 2
270
Observation: the gap between pulses is greater than 10%, so the modal responses can be regarded as independent.
Reference participation factors
i = iM
Reference
479.427
275.609
Pseudo-acceleration
i = a i i i in (m/s2)
5%
0 .4
: Structure damping.
3.7852
1 =
- 2.4783
2.7026
1 =
8.2556
Reference modal displacement
1.576E 02
1 =
4.814E 02
8.318E 04
2 =
- 5.446E 04
7.717E + 05
F2 =
- 2.526E + 05
5.510E + 05
F1 =
8.415E + 05
Displacement at the top of the mast
U1 =
((4.81E 02)
+ ( 5.446E 04 )
Units
m
Reference
4.814 E-02
((8.415E + 05)
T1 =
+ ( 2.526E + 05 )
Reference
2.929 E+05
Units
N.m
Reference
1.578 E+07
271
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Frequency
2.085
CM2
Frequency
10.742
CM2
4.814
CM2
Fz
2.929E+05
Result description
Frequency Mode 1 [Hz]
Value
2.08 Hz
Error
-0.24%
10.74 Hz
-0.02%
4.81159 cm
-0.05%
Fz
292677 N
-0.08%
272
1.83.1 Description
Verifies the steel calculation results (displacement at ridge, normal forces, bending moments, deflections, stresses,
buckling lengths, lateral torsional buckling lengths and cross section optimization) for a 2D metallic portal frame,
according to CM66.
1.83.2 Background
1.83.2.1 Model description
Columns height: 6m
Model preview
Combinations
Code
CMP
CMS
CMCFN
CMCFN
CMCFN
CMCD
Numbers
1
2
101
102
103
104
Type
Static
Static
Comb_Lin
Comb_Lin
Comb_Lin
Comb_Lin
Title
Permanent load + self weight
Usage overloads
1.333P
1.333P+1.5S
P+1.5S
P+S
273
274
Deflections:
1/150
Envelopes deflections calculation.
Buckling:
Lateral-torsional buckling:
Deflections:
1/200
Envelopes deflections calculation.
Buckling:
Lateral-torsional buckling:
Optimization criteria
275
Deflection verification
Ratio
CM Stress diagrams
Work ratio
Stresses
276
Buckling lengths
Lfy
Lfz
277
Lds
Optimization
278
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
9.36
CM2
Fx
-15.77
CM2
Fx
-1.02
CM2
My
-42.41
CM2
My
42.41
CM2
Deflection
L / 438 (34%)
CM2
Deflection
L / 111 (180%)
CM2
Stress
230.34
CM2
Stress
458.38
CM2
Lfy
5.84
CM2
Lfz
CM2
Lfy
7.08
CM2
Lfz
10.11
Warning, the local axes in Effel Structure have different orientation in Advance Design.
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Ldi
CM2
Lds
CM2
Ldi
10.11
CM2
Lds
1.5
Solver
Result name
Result description
Final section
CM2
Work ratio
98
IPE500
CM2
Work ratio
195
IPE550
Rate (%)
279
Result description
Displacement at the ridge [cm]
Value
9.36473 cm
Error
0.05%
Fx
-15.7798 T
-0.06%
Fx
-1.0161 T
0.38%
My
42.4226 T*m
0.03%
My
42.4226 T*m
0.03%
Deflection
438.077 Adim.
0.02%
Deflection
111.325 Adim.
0.29%
Stress
230.331 MPa
0.00%
Stress
458.367 MPa
0.00%
Lfy
6m
0.00%
Lfz
5.84401 m
0.07%
Lfy
10.1119 m
0.02%
Lfz
7.07904 m
-0.01%
Ldi
6m
0.00%
Lds
2m
0.00%
Ldi
10.1119 m
0.02%
Lds
1.5 m
0.00%
Work ratio
0.980131 Adim.
0.01%
Work ratio
1.9505 Adim.
0.03%
280
1.84.1 Description
On a circular plate of 5 mm thickness and 2 m diameter, an uniform load, perpendicular on the plan of the plate, is
applied. The vertical displacement on the plate center is verified.
1.84.2 Background
1.84.2.1 Model description
Scale =1/10
01-0003SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Materials properties
281
Boundary conditions
Outer: Plate fixed on the side (in all points of its perimeter),
For the modeling, we consider only a quarter of the plate and we impose symmetry conditions on some nodes
(see the following model; yz plane symmetry condition):translation restrained nodes along x and rotation
restrained nodes along y and z: translation restrained nodes along x and rotation restrained nodes along y and
z:
Inner: None.
Loading
Eh3
2.1 x 1011 x 0.0053
2 =
12(1-0.32)
12(1- )
A
D = 2404
Finite elements modeling
282
01-0003SSLSB_FEM
Scale =1.5
Deformed shape
Circular plate under uniform load
Deformed
Scale =1.5
01-0003SSLSB_FEM
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DZ
-6.50
Result description
Vertical displacement on the plate center [mm]
Value
-6.47032 mm
Error
0.46%
283
1.85.1 Description
Verifies the rotation, the displacement and the moment on a beam consisting of two elements of the same length and
identical characteristics with 3 T/C supports (k = -10000 N/m).
1.85.2 Background
1.85.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
Section: IPE 200, Iz = 0.00001943 m4
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Loading
284
(
) = 0.000129 rad
32EI (3EI + 2k L )
PL (3EI + k L )
=
= 0.000106 rad
16EI (3EI + 2k L )
3PL2 2EI z + k y L3
1 =
v3 =
3PL3
= 0.00058 m
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
3 =
) = 0.000034 rad
+ 2k L )
PL 6EI z + k y L3
32EI z 3EI z
Mz Moments
M z1 = 0
Mz2 =
3k y PL4
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
M z ( x = 5m) =
) = 58.15 N.m
PL (M z 2 M z1 )
+
= 220.9 N.m
2
4
Deformed shape
285
Moment diagram
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
-0.000129
CM2
RY
0.000106
CM2
DZ
0.00058
CM2
RY
0.000034
CM2
My
CM2
My
-58.15
CM2
My
-220.9
Result description
Rotation Ry in node 1 [rad]
Value
0.000129488 Rad
Error
0.38%
RY
-0.000105646 Rad
0.33%
DZ
0.000581169 m
0.20%
RY
-3.44295e-005 Rad
-1.26%
My
1.77636e-015 N*m
0.00%
My
58.1169 N*m
-0.06%
My
-220.942 N*m
-0.02%
286
1.86.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement results for a concrete beam with 8 isostatic spans subjects to uniform loads and
compression normal forces.
Units
Forces: kN
Moment: kN.m
Stresses: MPa
Reinforcement density: cm
Geometry
Materials properties
Poisson's ratio: = 0.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
Hinged at end x = 0,
Loading
External:
287
Internal: None.
288
Span
1
Concrete
B20
Reinforcement
HA fe500
Application
D>24h
Concrete
No
B35
Adx fe235
1h<D<24h
No
B50
HA fe 400
D<1h
Yes
4
5
B25
B25
HA fe500
HA fe500
D>24h
D>24h
Yes
No
6
7
8
B30
B40
B45
Adx fe235
HA fe500
HA fe500
D>24h
D>24h
D<1h
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cracking
Non
prejudicial
Non
prejudicial
Non
prejudicial
Prejudicial
Very
prejudicial
Prejudicial
160 MPa
Non
prejudicial
Span 1
20
1.8
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 2
35
2.7
235
0.9
1.5
1.15
1
Span 3
50
3.6
400
0.85
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 4
25
2.1
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 5
25
2.1
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 6
30
2.4
235
1
1.5
1.15
1
Span 7
40
3
500
1
1.5
1.15
1.6
Span 8
45
3.3
500
0.85
1.15
1
1.6
fbu
fed
sigpreju
sigtpreju
11.33
434.78
250.00
200.00
22.04
204.35
156.67
125.33
33.33
347.83
264.00
211.20
14.17
434.78
250.00
200.00
14.17
434.78
250.00
200.00
17.00
204.35
156.67
125.33
22.67
434.78
160.00
160.00
39.13
500.00
252.76
202.21
g
q
pu
pser
G
Q
l
Mu
Nu
Mser
Nser
Vu
5.00
9.00
20.25
14.00
-30.00
-30.00
6.00
91.13
-85.50
63.00
-60.00
60.75
5.00
9.00
20.25
14.00
-10.00
-8.00
6.00
91.13
-25.50
63.00
-18.00
60.75
5.00
25.00
30.00
Mu/A
ubu
74.03
0.161
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
15.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
29.25
20.25
20.25
20.25
20.25
20.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
-100.00
-50.00
-100.00
-150.00
-10.00
-50.00
-40.00
-100.00
-100.00
-8.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
131.63
91.13
91.13
91.13
91.13
-210.00
-127.50
-285.00
-352.50
-25.50
90.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
-150.00
-90.00
-200.00
-250.00
-18.00
87.75
60.75
60.75
60.75
60.75
Main reinforcement calculation according to ULS
89.63
65.63
34.13
20.63
86.03
0.100
0.049
0.059
0.036
0.125
a
z
Au
Mser/A
a
Mrb
A
B
C
D
alpha1
z
Aserp
Mser/A
a
Mrb
A
B
C
-10.00
-8.00
6.00
135.00
-18.00
90.00
86.03
0.094
131.40
0.083
0.221
0.133
0.062
0.077
0.046
0.167
0.123
0.410
0.426
0.439
0.436
0.442
0.420
0.428
6.12
20.57
7.97
8.35
9.18
11.27
5.21
Main reinforcement calculation with prejudicial cracking according to SLS
51.000
60.000
45.000
23.000
13.000
59.400
59.400
0.108
0.430
6.46
0.4186
87.53
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.4533
0.4533
0.4737
0.4737
0.6328
0.6923
121.16
121.16
182.01
258.82
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
-3.0000
-3.0000
-3.0000
-3.0000
-0.2044
-0.1156
-0.8426
-0.8250
0.2044
0.1156
0.8426
0.8250
0.238
0.432
0.428
0.414
0.385
0.386
10.22
10.99
10.75
Main reinforcement calculation with very prejudicial cracking according to SLS
51.00
60.00
45.00
23.00
13.00
59.40
59.40
0.47
96.93
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.5667
0.6678
220.78
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.8511
0.8511
0.72
231.67
1.0000
-3.0000
-1.0638
0.6303
302.44
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.3788
0.3788
0.68
319.66
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.4735
0.53
132.43
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.2556
0.53
132.43
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.1444
0.68
192.27
1.0000
-3.0000
-1.0532
0.69
258.82
1.0000
-3.0000
-0.8250
0.000
0.6157
267.55
1.0000
-3.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.00
0.67
283.60
1.0000
-3.0000
0.0000
289
Span 1
0.5667
Span 2
1.0638
tu
k
At/st
0.68
0.57
1.87
0.98
0.40
7.08
Aflex
e0
Aminfsimp
Aminfcomp
At
Atmin
6.12
-0.95
0.75
0.83
1.87
1.60
20.57
-1.67
2.38
2.54
7.08
3.40
D
alpha1
z
Asertp
Span 3
0.4735
Span 4
0.2556
Span 5
0.1444
0.203
0.420
14.049
Transverse reinforcement calculation
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.00
-0.14
-0.41
4.31
3.90
4.77
Recapitulation
7.97
10.22
14.05
-1.43
-3.17
-3.97
1.86
0.87
0.87
2.01
0.90
0.90
4.31
3.90
4.77
2.00
1.60
1.60
Span 6
1.0532
Span 7
0.8250
Span 8
0.0000
0.68
0.00
7.34
0.68
0.00
3.45
1.00
0.00
4.44
11.27
-0.29
2.11
2.80
7.34
3.40
10.75
-0.29
1.24
1.65
3.45
1.60
6.46
-0.13
1.37
0.30
4.44
1.60
Result name
Result description
CM2
Az
Reference value
6.12
CM2
Amin
0.75
CM2
Atz
1.87
2
CM2
Az
20.57
CM2
Amin
2.38
CM2
Atz
7.08
2
CM2
Az
7.97
CM2
Amin
1.86
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
4.31
10.22
CM2
Amin
0.87
CM2
Atz
3.90
2
CM2
Az
14.05
CM2
Amin
4.20
CM2
Atz
4.77
2
CM2
Az
11.27
CM2
Amin
2.11
CM2
Atz
CM2
Az
7.34
10.75
2
CM2
Amin
1.24
CM2
Atz
3.45
2
CM2
Az
6.46
CM2
Amin
1.37
CM2
Atz
The "Mu limit" method must be applied in order to achieve the same results.
290
4.44
Result description
Inf. main reinf. T1 [cm]
Value
-6.11718 cm
Error
0.05%
Amin
0.7452 cm
-0.64%
Atz
1.8699 cm
-0.01%
Az
-20.5688 cm
0.01%
Amin
2.3783 cm
-0.07%
Atz
7.07943 cm
-0.01%
Az
-7.96552 cm
0.06%
Amin
1.863 cm
0.16%
Atz
4.3125 cm
0.06%
Az
-10.2301 cm
-0.10%
Amin
0.8694 cm
-0.07%
Atz
3.9008 cm
0.02%
Az
-14.0512 cm
-0.01%
Amin
4.2 cm
0.00%
Atz
4.7702 cm
0.00%
Az
-11.2742 cm
-0.04%
Amin
2.11404 cm
0.19%
Atz
7.34043 cm
0.01%
Az
-10.7634 cm
-0.12%
Amin
1.242 cm
0.16%
Atz
3.45 cm
0.00%
Az
-6.47718 cm
-0.27%
Amin
1.3662 cm
-0.28%
Atz
4.44444 cm
0.10%
291
1.87.1 Description
Verifies the displacements, bending moments and reinforcement results for a 2D concrete slab with supports and
punctual loads.
1.87.2 Background
1.87.2.1 Model description
Slab thickness: 20 cm
Concrete B25
Slab geometry
292
Support positions
293
Load Combinations
Code
BAGMAX
BAQ
BAELS
BAELU
294
Numbers
1
2
101
102
Type
Static
Static
Comb_Lin
Comb_Lin
Title
Permanent loads + self weight
Usage overloads
Gmax+Q
1.35Gmax+1.5Q
295
296
Axi reinforcements
Ayi reinforcements
297
Axs reinforcements
Ays reinforcements
298
Result
name
Result description
Reference
value
CM2
0.176
CM2
Myy
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Max(Mx) [kN.m]
25.20
CM2
Myy
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Min(Mx) [kN.m]
-15.71
CM2
Mxx
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Max(My) [kN.m]
31.17
CM2
Mxx
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Min(My) [kN.m]
-18.79
CM2
Mxy
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Max (Mxy) [kN.m]
10.26
CM2
Mxy
Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Min (Mxy) [kN.m]
-10.14
CM2
Axi
3.84
CM2
Axs
3.55
CM2
Ayi
3.75
4.53
CM2
Ays
These values are obtained from the maximum values from the mesh.
Result description
Max displacement for SLS (load combination 101) [cm]
Value
0.174641 cm
Error
-0.77%
Myy
25.2594 kN*m
0.24%
Myy
-15.6835 kN*m
0.17%
Mxx
31.2449 kN*m
0.24%
Mxx
-18.7726 kN*m
0.09%
Mxy
-10.1558 kN*m
1.02%
Mxy
10.2508 kN*m
1.09%
Axi
3.83063 cm
-0.24%
Axs
3.629 cm
2.23%
Ayi
3.72879 cm
-0.57%
Ays
4.61909 cm
1.97%
299
1.88.1 Description
Verifies the rotation, the displacement and the moment on a beam consisting of two elements of the same length and
identical characteristics with 3 T/C supports (k = 0).
1.88.2 Background
1.88.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L = 10 m
4
Section: IPE 200, Iz = 0.00001943 m
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Outer:
T/C stiffness ky = 0,
Inner: None.
Loading
300
(
) = 0.000153 rad
32EI (3EI + 2k L )
PL (3EI + k L )
=
= 0.000153 rad
16EI (3EI + 2k L )
3PL2 2EI z + k y L3
1 =
v3 =
3PL3
= 0.00153 m
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
3 =
) = 0.000153 rad
+ 2k L )
PL 6EI z + k y L3
32EI z 3EI z
Mz Moments
M z1 = 0
Mz2 =
3k y PL4
16 3EI z + 2k y L3
M z ( x = 5m) =
)=0
PL (M z 2 M z1 )
+
= 250 N.m
4
2
Deformed shape
301
Moment diagrams
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
RY
0.000153
CM2
RY
-0.000153
CM2
DZ
0.00153
CM2
RY
0.000153
CM2
My
CM2
My
-250
Result description
Rotation Ry in node 1 [rad]
Value
0.000153175 Rad
Error
0.11%
RY
-0.000153175 Rad
-0.11%
DZ
0.00153175 m
0.11%
RY
-0.000153175 Rad
-0.11%
My
5.05771e-014 N*m
0.00%
My
-250 N*m
0.00%
302
1.89.1 Description
Verifies the displacement and the normal force for a bar system containing 4 elements of the same length and 2
diagonals.
1.89.2 Background
1.89.2.1 Model description
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L=5m
Section S = 0.005 m2
Materials properties
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 N/m2.
Boundary conditions
Outer:
303
Loading
u3 = u 4 =
v3 =
v4 = 0
5PL
= 0.001195 m
11ES
PL
= 0.000238 m
ES
N normal forces
N12 = 0
N 23 = P = 50000 N
N 43 = 0
N14 = 0
N13 = 2P = 70711 N
N 42 = 0
Deformed shape
304
Normal forces
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
DX
0.001195
CM2
DZ
-0.000238
CM2
DX
0.001195
CM2
DZ
CM2
Fx
CM2
Fx
-50000
CM2
Fx
CM2
Fx
CM2
Fx
70711
CM2
Fx
305
Result description
u3 displacement on Node 3 [m]
Value
0.00119035 m
Error
-0.39%
DZ
-0.000238095 m
-0.04%
DX
0.00119035 m
-0.39%
DZ
9.94686e-316 m
0.00%
Fx
0N
0.00%
Fx
-50000 N
0.00%
Fx
0N
0.00%
Fx
2.08884e-307 N
0.00%
Fx
70710.7 N
0.00%
Fx
0N
0.00%
306
1.90.1 Description
Verifies the steel calculation results (maximum displacement, normal force, bending moment, deflections, buckling
lengths, lateral-torsional buckling and cross section optimization) for a simple metallic framework with a concrete
floor, according to CM66.
1.90.2 Background
1.90.2.1 Model description
Permanent loads: 150 kg/m for the floor and 25kg/m for the roof.
Model preview
307
Code
CMP
CMS
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMV
CMN
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Type
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Static
Title
SW + Dead loads
Overloads for usage
Wind overloads along +X in overpressure
Wind overloads along +X in depression
Wind overloads along -X in overpressure
Wind overloads along -X in depression
Wind overloads along +Z in overpressure
Wind overloads along +Z in depression
Wind overloads along -Z in overpressure
Wind overloads along -Z in depression
Normal snow overloads
Env.
Case
No.
Max(D)
Min(D)
Max(DX)
Min(DX)
Max(DY)
Min(DY)
Max(DZ)
Min(DZ)
213
188
204
204
213
213
201
203
148
1.1
72.1
313
148
61.5
371
370
DY
(cm)
12.035
0.000
0.434
-0.129
12.035
-9.985
-0.188
-0.240
DZ
(cm)
-1.393
0.000
0.244
-2.174
-1.393
0.046
4.145
-4.118
Env.
Case
No.
Max (Fx)
Min (Fx)
Max(Fy)
Min(Fy)
Max(Fz)
Min(Fz)
Max(Mx)
Min(Mx)
Max(My)
Min(My)
Max (Mz)
Min (Mz)
120
138
120
120
177
187
120
120
177
179
120
120
4.1
98
57
60
371
370
111
21
371
370
57
59.2
Mx
(T*m)
-0.003
0.000
-0.003
-3E-004
0.000
0.000
0.028
-0.028
0.000
0.000
-0.003
-0.003
My
(T*m)
1.505
0.000
0.002
6E-006
0.000
0.000
-4E-005
-0.004
4.403
-4.373
0.002
-0.001
Mz
(T*m)
7.551
0.000
55.744
53.096
0.000
0.000
11.531
42.562
-0.500
-0.660
55.744
-57.105
Env.
Case
No.
Max(sxxMax)
Min(sxxMax)
Max(sxyMax)
Min(sxyMax)
Max(sxzMax)
Min(sxzMax)
Max(sFxx)
Min(sFxx)
Max(sMxxMax)
Min(sMxxMax)
120
120
120
120
185
179
120
120
120
1
59.2
292
57
60
371
370
293
292
59.2
1.1
308
sxzMax
(MPa)
-1.024
0.000
-0.030
-0.011
3.876
-3.882
-0.002
0.000
-1.024
-0.646
sFxx
(MPa)
-16.453
-150.743
-15.609
-18.536
-2.949
-3.104
161.095
-150.743
-16.453
-4.511
sMxxMax
(MPa)
290.312
0.000
278.562
260.179
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
290.312
0.000
Deflections:
1/150
Envelopes deflections calculation.
Buckling XY plane:
For rafters
Deflections:
1/200
Envelopes deflections calculation.
Buckling:
For columns
Deflections:
1/150
Envelopes deflections calculation.
Buckling:
Optimization parameters
The results of the optimization given below correspond to an iteration of the finite elements calculation.
309
Deflection verification
Ratio
310
Columns: L / 168
Rafter: L / 96
Column: L / 924
CM Stress diagrams
Work ratio
Stresses
311
Buckling lengths
Lfy
Lfz
312
Lds
313
Optimization
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
12.115
CM2
Fx
-41.618
CM2
Fx
19.423
CM2
My
-57.105
CM2
My
55.744
Warning, the Mz bending moment of Effel Structure corresponds to the My bending moment of Advance Design.
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Deflection
L / 168 (89%)
CM2
Deflection
L / 96 (208%)
CM2
Deflection
L / 924 (16%)
CM2
Stress
374.67
CM2
Stress
339.74
CM2
Stress
180.98
CM2
Lfy
8.02
CM2
Lfz
24.07
CM2
Lfy
1.72
CM2
Lfz
20.25
CM2C
Lfy
4.20
CM2
Lfz
5.67
Warning, the local axes in Effel Structure are opposite to those in Advance Design.
314
Solver
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
CM2
Ldi
8.5
Lds
8.5
CM2
Ldi
8.61
CM2
Lds
1.72
CM2
Ldi
CM2
Lds
Solver
Result name
Result description
Final section
CM2
Work ratio
1.59
IPE600
CM2
Work ratio
1.45
IPE500
CM2
Work ratio
0.77
IPE360
Rate (%)
315
Result description
Maximum displacement (CMCD) [cm]
Value
12.1324 cm
Error
0.14%
Fx
-41.655 T
-0.09%
Fx
19.4743 T
0.26%
My
-57.1184 T*m
-0.02%
My
55.7692 T*m
0.05%
Deflection
167.783 Adim.
-0.13%
Deflection
96.1423 Adim.
0.15%
Deflection
925.187 Adim.
0.13%
Stress
374.583 MPa
-0.02%
Stress
347.517 MPa
2.29%
Stress
180.706 MPa
-0.15%
Lfy
7.96718 m
-0.66%
Lfz
24.0693 m
0.00%
Lfy
1.72255 m
0.15%
Lfz
20.2452 m
-0.02%
Lfy
4.19567 m
-0.10%
Lfz
5.67211 m
0.04%
Ldi
8.5 m
0.00%
Lds
8.5 m
0.00%
Ldi
8.61187 m
0.02%
Lds
8.61187 m
0.02%
Ldi
2m
0.00%
Lds
2m
0.00%
Work ratio
1.59397 Adim.
0.25%
Work ratio
1.4788 Adim.
1.99%
Work ratio
0.768961 Adim.
-0.13%
316
1.91.1 Description
Verifies the tension force on a beam reinforced by a system of hinged bars, subjected to a uniform linear load.
1.91.2 Background
1.91.2.1 Model description
Scale =1/37
01-0005SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Length:
AD = FB = a = 2 m,
DF = CE = b = 4 m,
CD = EF = c = 0.6 m,
AC = EB = d = 2.088 m,
Total length: L = 8 m,
317
Section: A1 = 4.5 x 10 m ,
AC, EB bar:
-3
2
Section: A2 = 4.5 x 10 m ,
CD, EF bars:
-3
2
Section: A3 = 3.48 x 10 m .
Materials properties
Boundary conditions
Loading
-3
-5
Internal: Shortening of the CE tie of = 6.52 x 10 m (dilatation coefficient: CE = 1 x 10 /C and temperature
variation T = -163C).
A
k = A = 2.5
r
A
t=
EA
I
A
AE
= (L/c)2 x (1+ (A/A1) x (b/L) + 2 x (A/A2) x (d/a)2 x (d/L) + 2 x (A/A3) (c/a)2 x (c/L)
= k x [(2Et2) / (GaL)]
=++
0 = 1 (a/L)2 x (2 a/L)
0 = 6k x (E/G) x (t/L)2 x (1 + b/L)
0 = 0 + 0
NCE = - (1/12) x (pL2/c) x (0 /) + (EI/(Lc2)) x (/) = 584584 N
Finite elements modeling
Linear element: without meshing,
318
Force diagrams
Tied (sub-tensioned) beam
Scale =1/31
Compression force in CE bar
319
Scale =1/31
Mz bending moment
320
CE: beam,
6 nodes.
Deformed shape
Tied (sub-tensioned) beam
Scale =1/31
Deformed
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
FX
584584
Result description
Tension force on CE bar [N]
Value
584580 N
Error
0.00%
321
1.92.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies for a slender beam with variable section, subjected to its own weight.
1.92.2 Background
1.92.2.1 Model description
Scale =1/4
01-0004SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
322
Beam length: l = 1 m,
Initial section (in A):
Height: h1 = 0.04 m,
Width: b1 = 0.04 m,
Height: h2 = 0.01 m,
Width: b2 = 0.01 m,
-4
2
Section: A2 = 10 m ,
Materials properties
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2 x 1011 Pa,
3
Density: 7800 kg/m .
Boundary conditions
Outer: Fixed in A,
Inner: None.
Loading
External: None,
Internal: None.
1
h2
2
2 i l
E
1
23.289
AE
2
73.9
E
12
AE
3
165.23
4
299.7
5
478.1
323
Result name
Result description
Reference value
CM2
Eigen mode
54.18
CM2
Eigen mode
171.94
CM2
Eigen mode
384.4
CM2
Eigen mode
697.24
CM2
Eigen mode
1112.28
324
Result description
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz]
Value
54.01 Hz
Error
-0.31%
170.58 Hz
-0.79%
378.87 Hz
-1.44%
681.31 Hz
-2.28%
1075.7 Hz
-3.29%
2.1
2.1.1
Description
Verifies annotations of a wind generated load. It generates wind on the current 2 slope building( the remarks are
filled) then hides all the elements, makes visible only the load with identifier 1 and takes a printscreen.
2.2
2.2.1
Description
Verifies the hide/show elements command for the whole structure using the right-click option.
2.3
2.3.1
Description
Verifies the visualisation of supports with rotational or moving DoFs by taking a printscreen.
2.4
2.4.1
Description
Verifies the annotations dimensions when new analysis is made. It takes a printscreen of the loaded saved view.
2.5
Verifying the dimensions and position of annotations on selection when new analysis is
made.(TTAD #12807)
Test ID: 6201
Test status: Passed
2.5.1
Description
Verifies the dimensions and position of annotations on selection when new analysis is made. It takes a printscreen of
the loaded saved view.
2.6
2.6.1
Description
Verifies the saved view of elements with annotations. It makes saved views and takes printscreens of them after
switching between them.
326
2.7
2.7.1
Description
Verifies the grid text position from different views.
2.8
2.8.1
Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the section cut results on a concrete planar element with an
opening.
2.9
2.9.1
Description
Generates combinations for three types of loads: live loads, dead loads and snow (with an altitude > 1000 m and
base effect); generates the combinations description report.
2.10.1 Description
Verifies the coordinates system symbol display from different views.
2.11.1 Description
Generates the finite elements calculation on a complex concrete structure (C35/45 material). Verifies the descriptive
actors after creating the analysis.
The structure consists of 42 linear elements, 303 planar elements, 202 supports, etc. 370 planar loads are applied:
live loads, dead loads and temperature.
327
2.12.1 Description
Verifies the camera creation and visibility.
2.13.1 Description
Creates a circle.
2.14 Verifying the snap points behavior during modeling (TTAD #11458)
Test ID: 3644
Test status: Passed
2.14.1 Description
Verifies the snap points behavior when the "Allowed deformation" function is enabled (stretch points) and when it is
disabled (grip points).
2.15 Verifying the representation of elements with HEA cross section (TTAD #11328)
Test ID: 3701
Test status: Passed
2.15.1 Description
Verifies the representation of elements with HEA340 cross section.
2.16.1 Description
Changes the local axes of a section cut in the descriptive model and verifies if the local axes are kept in analysis
model.
2.17 Verifying the display of elements with compound cross sections (TTAD #11486)
Test ID: 3742
Test status: Passed
2.17.1 Description
Creates an element with compound cross section (CS1 IPE400 IPE240) and verifies the cross section display.
328
2.18 Verifying the descriptive model display after post processing results in analysis mode (TTAD
#11475)
Test ID: 3733
Test status: Passed
2.18.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and displays the forces results on linear elements. Returns to the model
mode to verify the descriptive model display.
2.19.1 Description
Enables the "tracking" snap mode to model structure elements.
2.20 Verifying holes in horizontal planar elements after changing the level height (TTAD #11490)
Test ID: 3740
Test status: Passed
2.20.1 Description
Verifies holes in horizontal planar elements after changing the level height.
2.21.1 Description
Verifies the on/off function for the "ghost" rendering mode when the workplane display is disabled.
2.22 Verifying the "ghost display on selection" function for saved views (TTAD #12054)
Test ID: 4347
Test status: Passed
2.22.1 Description
Verifies the display of saved views which contain elements with the "ghost on selection" function enabled.
2.23 Moving a linear element along with the support (TTAD #12110)
Test ID: 4302
Test status: Passed
2.23.1 Description
Moves a linear element along with the element support, after selecting both elements.
329
2.24 Verifying the "ghost" display after changing the display colors (TTAD #12064)
Test ID: 4349
Test status: Passed
2.24.1 Description
Verifies the "ghost" display on selected elements after changing the element display color.
2.25.1 Description
Verifies the grid text position from different views.
2.26.1 Description
Verifies the "fixed load scale" function.
2.27.1 Description
Verifies the modeling of steel connections.
2.28.1 Description
Verifies the saved view of elements by cross-section. It takes a printscreen of the loaded saved view.
2.29.1 Description
Verifies the default view to be the top view. It takes a printscreen of the loaded saved view.
330
2.30 Verifying the dividing of planar elements which contain openings (TTAD #12229)
Test ID: 4483
Test status: Passed
2.30.1 Description
Verifies the dividing of planar elements which contain openings.
2.31 Verifying the program behavior when trying to create lintel (TTAD #12062)
Test ID: 4507
Test status: Passed
2.31.1 Description
Verifies the program behavior when trying to create lintel on a planar element with an inappropriate opening.
2.32 Verifying the program behavior when launching the analysis on a model with overlapped loads
(TTAD #11837)
Test ID: 4511
Test status: Passed
2.32.1 Description
Verifies the program behavior when launching the analysis on a model that had overlapped loads.
2.33 Verifying the display of punctual loads after changing the load case number (TTAD #11958)
Test ID: 4508
Test status: Passed
2.33.1 Description
Creates a punctual load and verifies the display of the load after placing it in another load case using the load case
number from the properties window.
2.34.1 Description
Verifies the display of a beam with haunches, in the "Linear contour" rendering mode.
2.35 Creating base plate connections for non-vertical columns (TTAD #12170)
Test ID: 4534
Test status: Passed
2.35.1 Description
Creates a base plate connection on a non-vertical column.
331
2.36.1 Description
Verifying drawing of joints in y-z plan (TTAD #12453)
2.37 Verifying rotation for steel beam with joint (TTAD #12592)
Test ID: 4560
Test status: Passed
2.37.1 Description
Verifying rotation for steel beam with joint at one end (TTAD #12592)
2.38.1 Description
Verifying annotation on selection (TTAD #12700)
332
3 Climatic Generator
3.1
EC1: Generating snow loads on two side by side buildings with gutters (TTAD #12806)
Test ID: 4848
Test status: Passed
3.1.1
Description
Generates snow loads on two side by side buildings with gutters, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.2
EC1: Generating wind loads on a square based structure according to UK standards (BS EN
1991-1-4:2005) (TTAD #12608)
Test ID: 4845
Test status: Passed
3.2.1
Description
Generates the wind loads on a square based structure. The wind loads are generated according to Eurocodes 1 - UK
standards (BS EN 1991-1-4:2005).
3.3
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes with gutters building (TTAD #12716)
Test ID: 4846
Test status: Passed
3.3.1
Description
Generates snow loads on a model from CTCIM which contains 4 slopes with gutters and lateral parapets, according
to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). It also verifies snow fall from higher to lower close
building.
3.4
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and parapets. (TTAD #12878)
Test ID: 4852
Test status: Passed
3.4.1
Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and lateral parapets on all sides, according to the Eurocodes
1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.5
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12835)
Test ID: 4850
Test status: Passed
3.5.1
Description
Generates snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. The lower building is longer. The wind loads are generated
according to Eurocodes 1 - French standards (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
334
3.6
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters (TTAD #12528)
Test ID: 4569
Test status: Passed
3.6.1
Description
Generates snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters on each slope and middle parapets, according to the
Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.7
EC1: generating wind loads on a square based lattice structure with compound profiles and
automatic calculation of "n" (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12744)
Test ID: 4580
Test status: Passed
3.7.1
Description
Generates the wind loads on a square based lattice structure with compound profiles, using automatic calculation of
"n" - eigen mode frequency. The wind loads are generated according to Eurocodes 1 - French standards (NF EN
1991-1-4/NA).
3.8
EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes with gutters building. (TTAD #12719)
Test ID: 4847
Test status: Passed
3.8.1
Description
Generates snow loads on a model from CTCIM which contains 4 slopes with gutters, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). It verifies snow fall from higher to lower close building.
3.9
EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12841)
Test ID: 4851
Test status: Passed
3.9.1
Description
Generates snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. The lower building is longer and has a 4 slope shed and the
higher building has a 2 slope roof. The snow loads are generated according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.10 EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters. (TTAD #12808)
Test ID: 4849
Test status: Passed
3.10.1 Description
Generates snow loads on 2 closed building with gutters, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN
1991-1-3/NA).
335
3.11 EC1: Generating snow loads on a single slope with lateral parapets (TTAD #12606)
Test ID: 4570
Test status: Passed
3.11.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a single slope with lateral parapets, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF
EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.12 EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters (TTAD #12528)
Test ID: 4568
Test status: Passed
3.12.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with gutters on each slope and lateral parapets, according to the
Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.13 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3 slopes 3D portal frame with parapets (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA)
(TTAD #11111)
Test ID: 4546
Test status: Passed
3.13.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 3 slopes 3D portal frame with parapets, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). The third slope is an extension of the roof with a different angle.
3.14 EC1: generating wind loads on a 3D portal frame with one slope roof (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT :
3.2 - Wind - Example B)
Test ID: 4521
Test status: Passed
3.14.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 3D portal frame with one slope roof, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF
EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.15 EC1: wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles and user
defined "n" (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12276)
Test ID: 4526
Test status: Passed
3.15.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles using user defined "n" - eigen
mode frequency - (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12276).
336
3.16 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT : 3.3 - Wind
- Example C)
Test ID: 4523
Test status: Passed
3.16.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 19911-4/NA).
3.17 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA) (VT : 3.4 Snow - Example A)
Test ID: 4518
Test status: Passed
3.17.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 19911-3/NA)
3.18 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (VT : 3.1 - Wind
- Example A)
Test ID: 4520
Test status: Passed
3.18.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 19911-4/NA).
3.19 EC1: Verifying the wind loads generated on a building with protruding roof (TTAD #12071,
#12278)
Test ID: 4510
Test status: Passed
3.19.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure with protruding roof, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard. Verifies the wind loads from both directions and generates the "Description of climatic loads" report.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R2*3 cross section and B20 material) and rigid supports.
3.20 EC1: generating wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles and
automatic calculation of "n" (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) (TTAD #12276)
Test ID: 4525
Test status: Passed
3.20.1 Description
Generates the wind loads on a triangular based lattice structure with compound profiles, using automatic calculation
of "n" - eigen mode frequency (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA). The wind loads are generated according to Eurocodes 1 French standards.
337
3.21 EC1: Verifying the geometry of wind loads on an irregular shed. (TTAD #12233)
Test ID: 4478
Test status: Passed
3.21.1 Description
Verifies the geometry of wind loads on an irregular shed. The wind loads are generated according to Eurocodes 1 French standard.
3.22 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 almost horizontal slope building. (TTAD #13663)
Test ID: 6196
Test status: Passed
3.22.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 almost horizontal slope building, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF
EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.23 EC1: snow load generation on building with 2 slopes > 60 degrees according to Czech national
annex. (TTAD #14235)
Test ID: 6185
Test status: Passed
3.23.1 Description
Generates snow load on building with 2 slopes > 60 degrees, according to the Eurocodes 1 - Czech standard.
3.24 EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with different height
(TTAD 13159)
Test ID: 6187
Test status: Passed
3.24.1 Description
Generates snow loads on on 2 side by side single roof compounds, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). One compound is higher than the other and the slopes have opposite sign. Exceptional snow
falls and accumulations are checked.
3.25 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets. (TTAD #14179)
Test ID: 6184
Test status: Passed
3.25.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets on all sides, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
338
3.26.1 Description
Generates wind loads on multibay canopies, according to the Eurocodes 1 France.
3.27 EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with parapets. (TTAD #13671)
Test ID: 6167
Test status: Passed
3.27.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slope building with lateral parapets on all sides, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.28 EC1: wind load generation on portal with CsCd set to auto (TTAD #12823)
Test ID: 6165
Test status: Passed
3.28.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 3 slope building according to the Eurocodes 1 France standard using auto CsCd values
and CsCd min to 0.7.
3.29 EC1: generating wind loads on a canopy according to Eurocodes 1 - French standard. (TTAD
#13855)
Test ID: 6171
Test status: Passed
3.29.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a canopy, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA) only for
selected wind directions.
3.30 EC1: Generating wind loads on a single-roof volume compound with parapets. (TTAD #13672)
Test ID: 6169
Test status: Passed
3.30.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a single-roof volume compound with lateral parapets on all sides, according to the
Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
339
3.31 EC1: Generating snow loads on a shed with parapets. (TTAD #12494)
Test ID: 6175
Test status: Passed
3.31.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a model which contains 4 slopes with lateral parapets on X+/- direction, according to the
Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). It verifies also the valley accumulation.
3.32 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with double slope roof using different
parameters defined per directions (DEV2013#4.2)
Test ID: 5561
Test status: Passed
3.32.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 FR standard using
different parameters defined per directions.
The structure is 22m high, has 4 columns and 7 beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material), rigid supports
and a double slope roof.
3.33 EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds (TTAD #13286)
Test ID: 6177
Test status: Passed
3.33.1 Description
Generates snow loads on on 2 side by side single roof compounds, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). It verifies the normal and accidental snow loads on Y+/- wind directions.
3.34 EC1: snow load generation on compound with a double-roof volume close to a single-roof
volume (TTAD #13559)
Test ID: 6166
Test status: Passed
3.34.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a metal based compound with a double-roof volume close to a single-roof volume
according to the Eurocodes 1 France.
3.35 EC1: generating wind loads on a 35m high structure according to Eurocodes 1 - French
standard with CsCd min set to 0.7 and Delta to 0.15. (TTAD #11196)
Test ID: 6170
Test status: Passed
3.35.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the roof a 35m high structure, according to Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-14/NA) with CsCd min set to 0.7 and Delta to 0.15.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
340
3.36 EC1: Generating snow loads on a shed with gutters building. (TTAD #13856)
Test ID: 6174
Test status: Passed
3.36.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a model from CTCIM which contains 4 slopes with gutters, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). It verifies also the valley accumulation.
3.37 EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with parapets (TTAD
#13992)
Test ID: 6179
Test status: Passed
3.37.1 Description
Generates snow loads on on 2 side by side single roof compounds with parapets, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). One compound is much higher than the other and has the slope < 15
degrees causing the drifted snow to dissipate.
3.38.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 3 slopes 3D portal frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 19911-3/NA).
3.39 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 slope building with parapets. (TTAD #13669)
Test ID: 6168
Test status: Passed
3.39.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slope building with lateral parapets on all sides, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.40 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 slope building with increased height. (TTAD #13759)
Test ID: 6172
Test status: Passed
3.40.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slope building with increased height to 26m, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
341
3.41 EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with custom pressure values. (TTAD
#14004)
Test ID: 6176
Test status: Passed
3.41.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slope building, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
It verifies the accidental accumulation from exceptional drifted snow when other region is selected.
3.42 EC1: snow load generation on a 3 compound building according to Romanian national annex.
(TTAD #13930s)
Test ID: 6183
Test status: Passed
3.42.1 Description
Generates snow load generation on a 3 compound building according to the Eurocodes 1 Romanian standard (CR 11-3/2012). 2 compounds are double sloped and one is single sloped. It also verifies parapet and valley
accumulations.
3.43 EC1: Generating snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and lateral parapets. (TTAD
#14005)
Test ID: 6181
Test status: Passed
3.43.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slope building with gutters and lateral parapets, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.44 EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an multibay canopy roof (DEV2013#4.3)
Test ID: 5595
Test status: Passed
3.44.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and a multibay canopy
roof.
3.45 EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an isolated roof with one slope (DEV2013#4.3)
Test ID: 5593
Test status: Passed
3.45.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard. The obstruction is
different for each direction: X+ 1; X- 0; Y+ 0.8 and Y- 1.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and an isolated roof with
one slope.
342
3.46 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with horizontal roof using UK annex
(DEV2013#4.1) (TTAD #12608)
Test ID: 5560
Test status: Passed
3.46.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 standard.
The structure is 63m high, has 4 columns and 4 beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material), rigid supports
and horizontal roof.
3.47 EC1: generating Cf and Cp,net wind loads on an isolated roof with double slope (DEV2013#4.3)
Test ID: 5594
Test status: Passed
3.47.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard. The obstruction is
different for each direction: X+ 1; X- 0.9; Y+ 0.8 and Y- 0.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and an isolated roof
with double slope.
3.48 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with a horizontal roof using different CsCd
values for each direction (DEV2013#4.4)
Test ID: 5596
Test status: Passed
3.48.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 France standard using
different CsCd values for each direction : X+ auto; X- imposed to 0.9; Y+ auto and Y- no.
The structure is 35m high, has 4 columns and 4 beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material), rigid supports
and a horizontal roof.
3.49 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with roof thickness greater than the
parapet height (TTAD #11943)
Test ID: 3706
Test status: Passed
3.49.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with roof thickness greater than the parapet height, according to
Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
343
3.50 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex
(TTAD #11687)
Test ID: 4055
Test status: Passed
3.50.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to Eurocodes 1 Romanian
standards.
The structure consists of concrete (C20/25) beams and columns with rigid fixed supports.
3.51 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (TTAD #11531)
Test ID: 4090
Test status: Passed
3.51.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to Eurocodes 1 French standards Martinique wind speed.
The structure consists of concrete (C20/25) beams and columns with rigid fixed supports, with rectangular cross
section (R20*30).
3.52 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex
(TTAD #11569)
Test ID: 4087
Test status: Passed
3.52.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to Eurocodes 1 Romanian
standards.
The structure consists of concrete (C20/25) beams and columns with rigid fixed supports, with rectangular cross
section (R20*30).
3.53 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame using the Romanian national annex
(TTAD #11570)
Test ID: 4086
Test status: Passed
3.53.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 2 slopes 3D portal frame, according to Eurocodes 1 Romanian
standards.
The structure consists of concrete (C20/25) beams and columns with rigid fixed supports, with rectangular cross
section (R20*30).
344
3.54 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame (TTAD #11699)
Test ID: 4085
Test status: Passed
3.54.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame according to Eurocodes 1 French standards, using the "Case 1"
formula for calculating the turbulence factor.
The structure consists of steel elements with hinge rigid supports.
3.55 Generating the description of climatic loads report according to EC1 Romanian standards
(TTAD #11688)
Test ID: 4104
Test status: Passed
3.55.1 Description
Generates the "Description of climatic loads" report according to EC1 Romanian standards.
The model consists of a steel portal frame with rigid fixed supports. Haunches are defined at both ends of the beams.
Dead loads and SR EN 1991-1-4/NB wind loads are generated.
3.56 EC1: generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with 2 fully opened windwalls (TTAD
#11937)
Test ID: 3705
Test status: Passed
3.56.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with 2 fully opened windwalls, according to the Eurocodes 1
French standards.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with rigid fixed supports.
3.57 EC1: verifying the snow loads generated on a monopitch frame (TTAD #11302)
Test ID: 3713
Test status: Passed
3.57.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a monopitch frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and B20 material) with rigid fixed supports.
345
3.58 EC1: generating wind loads on a 55m high structure according to German standards (DIN EN
1991-1-4/NA) (DEV2012 #3.12)
Test ID: 3618
Test status: Passed
3.58.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a 55m high structure, according to Eurocodes 1 German standards.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
3.59 EC1: generating snow loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with gutter (TTAD #11113)
Test ID: 3603
Test status: Passed
3.59.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 2 slopes 3D portal frame with gutter, according to Eurocodes 1. The
structure consists of concrete (C20/25) beams and columns with rigid fixed supports.
3.60 EC1: generating snow loads on duopitch multispan roofs according to German standards (DIN
EN 1991-1-3/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13)
Test ID: 3613
Test status: Passed
3.60.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of duopitch multispan roofs structure, according to Eurocodes 1 German
standards.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
3.61 EC1: snow on a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and parapet with height reduction (TTAD
#11191)
Test ID: 3605
Test status: Passed
3.61.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and 2 parapets, according to
Eurocodes 1. The height of one parapet is reduced.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
346
3.62 EC1: generating snow loads on monopitch multispan roofs according to German standards
(DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13)
Test ID: 3614
Test status: Passed
3.62.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a monopitch multispan roofs structure, according to Eurocodes 1 German
standards.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
3.63 EC1: generating wind loads on double slope 3D portal frame according to Czech standards
(CSN EN 1991-1-4) (DEV2012 #3.18)
Test ID: 3621
Test status: Passed
3.63.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a double slope 3D portal frame, according to the Eurocodes 1 Czech
standard (CSN EN 1991-1-4).
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material).
3.64 EC1: generating snow loads on two side by side roofs with different heights, according to
German standards (DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA) (DEV2012 #3.13)
Test ID: 3615
Test status: Passed
3.64.1 Description
Generates snow loads on two side by side roofs with different heights, according to Eurocodes 1 German standards.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
3.65 EC1: generating snow loads on two close roofs with different heights according to Czech
standards (CSN EN 1991-1-3) (DEV2012 #3.18)
Test ID: 3623
Test status: Passed
3.65.1 Description
Generates snow loads on two close roofs with different heights, according to Eurocodes 1 Czech standards.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
347
3.66 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and gutter (TTAD
#11113)
Test ID: 3604
Test status: Passed
3.66.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 3D portal frame with horizontal roof and gutter, according to Eurocodes 1.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
3.67 EC1: generating snow loads on a 3D portal frame with a roof which has a small span (< 5m)
and a parapet (TTAD #11735)
Test ID: 3606
Test status: Passed
3.67.1 Description
Generates snow loads on the windwalls of a 3D portal frame with a roof which has a small span (< 5m) and a
parapet, according to Eurocodes 1.
The structure has concrete beams and columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with fixed rigid supports.
3.68 EC1: generating wind loads on double slope 3D portal frame with a fully opened face
(DEV2012 #1.6)
Test ID: 3535
Test status: Passed
3.68.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material), a double slope roof and
a fully opened face.
3.69 EC1: generating wind loads on an isolated roof with two slopes (TTAD #11695)
Test ID: 3529
Test status: Passed
3.69.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and an isolated roof with
two slopes.
348
3.70 EC1: generating wind loads on duopitch multispan roofs with pitch < 5 degrees (TTAD #11852)
Test ID: 3530
Test status: Passed
3.70.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a steel structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard.
The structure has steel columns and beams (I cross section and S275 material), rigid hinge supports and multispan
roofs with pitch < 5 degrees.
3.71 EC1 NF: generating wind loads on a 3D portal frame with 2 slopes roof (TTAD #11932)
Test ID: 3004
Test status: Passed
3.71.1 Description
Generates the wind loads on a concrete structure according to the French Eurocodes 1 standard.
The structure has a roof with two slopes, concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material).
The columns have rigid supports.
3.72 EC1: wind load generation on simple 3D portal frame with 4 slopes roof (TTAD #11604)
Test ID: 3104
Test status: Passed
3.72.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure with 4 slopes roof, according to the Eurocodes 1
standard.
The structure has 6 concrete columns (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) with rigid supports and C20/25
concrete walls.
3.73 EC1: wind load generation on a high building with horizontal roof
Test ID: 3101
Test status: Passed
3.73.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 standard.
The structure is 63m high, has 4 columns and 4 beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material), rigid supports
and horizontal roof.
349
3.74 EC1: Generating 2D wind and snow loads on a 2 opposite slopes portal with Z down axis.
(TTAD #15094)
Test ID: 6206
Test status: Passed
3.74.1 Description
Generates 2D wind and snow loads on a 2 opposite slopes portal, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-4/NA / 1991-1-3/NA), with Z down axis.
3.75 EC1: Generating snow loads on 2 side by side single roof compounds with different height
(TTAD 13158)
Test ID: 6188
Test status: Passed
3.75.1 Description
Generates snow loads on on 2 side by side single roof compounds, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-3/NA). One compound is higher than the other and the slopes have opposite sign. The model is
reversed in comparison with the one from 6187 and has only the exceptional snow fall is checked.
3.76 EC1: Generating snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets. (TTAD #14578)
Test ID: 6193
Test status: Passed
3.76.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a 4 slopes shed with parapets on Y+/- sides, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.77 EC1: Generating snow loads on a custom multiple slope building. (TTAD #14285)
Test ID: 6197
Test status: Passed
3.77.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 almost horizontal slope building, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF
EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.78 EC1: Generating 2D snow loads on a one horizontal slope portal. (TTAD #14975)
Test ID: 6203
Test status: Passed
3.78.1 Description
Verifies the generation of 2D snow loads on a one horizontal slope portal.
350
3.79 EC1: Generating 2D wind and snow loads on a 4 slope shed next to a higher one slope
compound. (TTAD #15047)
Test ID: 6205
Test status: Passed
3.79.1 Description
Generates 2D wind and snow loads on a 4 slope shed next to a higher one slope compound, according to the
Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA / 1991-1-3/NA).
3.80.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 3 compound building, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-14/NA).
3.81.1 Description
Generates 2D wind loads on a 2 slope portal, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.82 EC1: wind load generation on portal with CsCd set to auto according to Romanian national
annex. (TTAD #13930w)
Test ID: 6182
Test status: Passed
3.82.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 3 compound building according to the Eurocodes 1 Romanian standard (CR 1-1-4/2012)
using auto CsCd values and CsCd min to 0.7. 2 compounds are double sloped and one is single sloped.
3.83 EC1: snow load generation on double compound with gutters and parapets on all sides.(TTAD
#13717)
Test ID: 6186
Test status: Passed
3.83.1 Description
Generates snow loads on a metal based double compound with gutters and parapets on all sides, according to the
Eurocodes 1 France. One compound is a double-roof volume and the second is a single-roof volume with the same
slope as the one it is next to.
351
3.84 EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a multiple roof portal. (TTAD #15140)
Test ID: 6208
Test status: Passed
3.84.1 Description
Generates 2D wind loads on a one slope compound next to a higher double slope compound, according to the
Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.85 EC1: Generating wind loads on a double slope with 5 degrees. (TTAD #15307)
Test ID: 6217
Test status: Passed
3.85.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a double slope with 5 degrees, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN
1991-1-4/NA).
3.86 EC1: Generating 2D snow loads on a 2 slope portal with one lateral parapet. (TTAD #14530)
Test ID: 6195
Test status: Passed
3.86.1 Description
Generates 2D snow loads on a 2 slope portal with one lateral parapet, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French
standard (NF EN 1991-1-3/NA).
3.87 EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a 2 slope isolated roof. (TTAD #14985)
Test ID: 6204
Test status: Passed
3.87.1 Description
Generates 2D wind loads on a 2 slope isolated roof, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard (NF EN 1991-14/NA). The depth for one slope is set to 20m and for the other to 40m.
3.88.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwall of a concrete signboard, according to the Eurocodes 1 standard.
The signboard has concrete elements (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and rigid supports.
352
3.89.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure with multispan roofs, according to the Eurocodes 1
standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and rigid supports.
3.90 EC1: Generating wind loads on a 2 horizontal slopes building one higher that the other. (TTAD
#13320)
Test ID: 6212
Test status: Passed
3.90.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 horizontal slopes building one higher that the other, according to the Eurocodes 1 French standard (NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.91 EC1: Generating 2D wind loads on a double slope roof with an opening. (TTAD #15328)
Test ID: 6216
Test status: Passed
3.91.1 Description
Generates 2D wind loads on a double slope roof with an opening, according to the Eurocodes 1 - French standard
(NF EN 1991-1-4/NA).
3.92 EC1: wind load generation on a simple 3D portal frame with 2 slopes roof (TTAD #11602)
Test ID: 3103
Test status: Passed
3.92.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure with 2 slopes roof, according to the Eurocodes 1
standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and rigid supports.
3.93 EC1: wind load generation on a simple 3D structure with horizontal roof
Test ID: 3099
Test status: Passed
3.93.1 Description
Generates wind loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure, according to the Eurocodes 1 standard.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material) and horizontal roof.
353
4 Combinations
4.1
4.1.1
Description
Generates concomitance between three types of loads applied on a structure (live loads, dead loads and seismic
loads - EN 1998-1), using the quadratic combination function. Generates the combinations description report and the
point support actions by element report.
4.2
Generating load combinations after changing the load case number (TTAD #11359)
Test ID: 3756
Test status: Passed
4.2.1
Description
Generates load combinations with concomitance matrix after changing the load case number. A report with the
combinations description is generated.
4.3
4.3.1
Description
Generates load combinations with unfavorable and favorable/unfavorable predominant action. Predominant action is
a case family with 2 static load cases.
4.4
4.4.1
Description
Generates combinations for NEWEC8.cbn.
4.5
4.5.1
Description
Generates live loads and dead loads on a steel structure. Defines the concomitance rules between the two load case
families and generates the concomitance matrix.
356
4.6
Generating the concomitance matrix after adding a new dead load case (TTAD #11361)
Test ID: 3766
Test status: Passed
4.6.1
Description
Creates a new dead load case, after two case families were created, and generates the concomitance matrix. A
report with the combinations description is generated.
4.7
4.7.1
Description
Generates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q (Base or Acco)
3 - E (Base) - only one seismic load !
4 - Q (Base or Acco)
Set value "0" (exclusive) between seismic and all Q loads (seism only combination).
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
4.8
4.8.1
Description
Generates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q (Base or Acco)
3 - E Group (Base)
3 - EX
4 - EY
5 - EZ
Un-group 3 - E Group to independent loads : 3 - EX 4 - EY 5 - EZ
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
357
4.9
4.9.1
Description
Generates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q (Base or Acco)
3 - E (Base) - only one seismic load
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
4.10 Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.4 (DEV2012 #1.7)
Test ID: 4391
Test status: Passed
4.10.1 Description
Generates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q (Base)
3 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
4 - Q (Base)
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
4.11 Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.8 (DEV2012 #1.7)
Test ID: 4407
Test status: Passed
4.11.1 Description
Generates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q Group(Base or Acco)
2-Q
3-Q
4-Q
5 - Q (Base or Acco)
6 - Snow (Base or Acco)
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
Un-group 2-Q Group to independent 2-Q, 3-Q, 4-Q loads.
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
358
4.12 Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.3 (DEV2012 #1.7)
Test ID: 4386
Test status: Passed
4.12.1 Description
Generates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q (Base or Acco)
3 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
4 - Q (Base or Acco)
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
4.13 Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.10 (DEV2012 #1.7)
Test ID: 4409
Test status: Passed
4.13.1 Description
Generates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q (Base or Acco)
3 - E Group (Base)
3 - EX
4 - EY
5 - EZ
Defines the seismic group type as "Quadratic".
Generates the corresponding combinations and the combinations report.
Resets the combination set. Defines the seismic group type as "Newmark".
Generates the corresponding combinations and the combinations report.
4.14 Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.7 (DEV2012 #1.7)
Test ID: 4405
Test status: Passed
4.14.1 Description
Creates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q (Base or Acco)
3 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
4 - Q (Acco)
5 - Acc (Base)
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
359
4.15.1 Description
Generates a set of combinations with Q group of loads.
4.16 Performing the combinations concomitance standard test no.2 (DEV2012 #1.7)
Test ID: 4384
Test status: Passed
4.16.1 Description
Generates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q (Base or Acco)
3 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
3 - Q (Base)
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
4.17.1 Description
Generates loads:
1 - G (Favorable or Unfavorable)
2 - Q (Base or Acco)
3 - Q (Acco)
Generates combinations. Generates the combinations report.
4.18 Generating a set of combinations with seismic group of loads (TTAD #11889)
Test ID: 4350
Test status: Passed
4.18.1 Description
Generates a set of combinations with seismic group of loads.
360
4.19 Generating a set of combinations with different Q "Base" types (TTAD #11806)
Test ID: 4357
Test status: Passed
4.19.1 Description
Generates a set of combinations with different Q "Base" types
1-G
2 - Q - Base
3-G
4 - Q -Base or acco
Generates the first set of combinations and the first combinations report.
1-G
2 - Q - Base
3-G
4 - Q -Base
Generates the second set of combinations and the second combinations report.
4.20 Generating the concomitance matrix after switching back the effect for live load (TTAD #11806)
Test ID: 4219
Test status: Passed
4.20.1 Description
Generates the concomitance matrix and the combinations description reports after switching back the effect for live
load.
4.21.1 Description
Verifies simplified combinations for CZ localization.
361
5 Concrete Design
5.1
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - horizontal
level behavior law
Test ID: 4557
Test status: Passed
5.1.1
Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under self-weight and linear loads - horizontal level behavior
law. The verification is made according to EC2 norm with French Annex.
5.2
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - bilinear
stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4541
Test status: Passed
5.2.1
Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement area of a simply supported beam under a linear load - bilinear stress-strain
diagram.
Verification is done according to Eurocodes 2 norm with French Annex.
5.3
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load
Test ID: 4519
Test status: Passed
5.3.1
Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load (horizontal level behavior law).
Verification is done with Eurocodes 2 norm French Annex.
5.4
Modifying the "Design experts" properties for concrete linear elements (TTAD #12498)
Test ID: 4542
Test status: Passed
5.4.1
Description
Defines the "Design experts" properties for a concrete (EC2) linear element in analysis model and verifies properties
from descriptive model.
5.5
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area for a beam subjected to point loads
Test ID: 4527
Test status: Passed
5.5.1
Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement area for a beam subjected to point loads (applied at the middle of the beam).
The verification is performed according to EC2 norm with French Annex.
364
5.6
EC2: Verifying the minimum reinforcement area for a simply supported beam
Test ID: 4517
Test status: Passed
5.6.1
Description
Verifies the minimum reinforcement area for a simply supported concrete beam subjected to self weight. The
verification is made with Eurocodes 2 - French annex.
5.7
EC2: Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - inclined
stress strain behavior law
Test ID: 4522
Test status: Passed
5.7.1
Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement area of a beam under a linear load - inclined stress strain behavior law.
Verification is done according to Eurocodes 2 norm with French Annex.
365
5.8
EC2 Test 1: Verifying a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist
simple bending - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4969
Test status: Passed
5.8.1
Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending.
During this test, the determination of stresses will be made along with the determination of the longitudinal
reinforcement and the verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
5.8.2
Background
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate Limit State
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
5.8.2.1
Model description
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
Characteristic combination of actions: CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q
Quasi-permanent combination of actions: CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
366
Height: h = 0.60 m,
Width: b = 0.25 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.15 m ,
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
fck 25
= 16,67MPa
=
c 1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
2/3
fctm = 0.30 * fck
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
f +8
E cm = 22000 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 31476MPa
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.83) restrained in translation along Y, Z and restrained in rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Permanent loads:
G=0.25*0.6*2.5=3.75kN/ml
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*(15+3.75)+1.5*20=55.31kN/ml
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=15+3.75+20=38.75kN/ml
Quasi-permanent combination of actions:
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=15+3.75+0.3*20=24.75kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ed =
55,31 * 5,80
= 232,59kN .m
8
M Ecq =
38,75 * 5,80
= 162,94kN .m
8
367
5.8.2.2
Due to exposure class XC1, and 500Mpa steel resistance, we will consider a moment limit:
Calculating the reduced moment we will consider ULS moment:
because
M Ed
0,233
=
= 0,203
bw * d * f cd 0,25 * 0,524 * 16,67
cu =
Au =
M Ed
0,233
=
= 11,55 * 10 4 m = 11,55cm
zc * f yd 0,464 * 434,78
* bw * d
0.26 *
A s,min = Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
Therefore:
2.56
368
369
5.8.2.3
Reference results
Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
232.59 kNm
My,SLS
162.94 kNm
Az
11.55 cm2
Amin
1.76 cm2
5.8.3
Result name
My
Calculated results
Result description
My USL
Value
-232.578 kN*m
Error
0.0052 %
My
My SLS cq
-162.936 kN*m
0.0025 %
Az
Az
-11.5329 cm
0.1481 %
Amin
Amin
-1.74725 cm
0.7244 %
370
5.9
5.9.1
Description
Verifies a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram.
The purpose of this test is to verify the My resulted stresses for the USL load combination and the results of the
theoretical reinforcement area Az.
The objective is to verify:
- The stresses results
- The theoretical reinforcement area results
5.9.2
Background
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the
defined loads. The test confirms the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
5.9.2.1
Model description
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
371
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Beam length: 7m
Concrete cover: c=3.50 cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.595 m; d=ebz=0.035m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C16/20 and S400B reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
Concrete C16/20:
f cd =
f ck
16
= 10.67 MPa
1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
2/3
= 0.30 * 16 2 / 3 = 1.90MPa
fctm = 0.30 * fck
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Steel S400B :
f yd =
f yk
400
= 347.8MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 7) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*352.3+1.5*13=90.105kN/ml
Characteristic combination of actions:
372
5.9.2.2
M Ed =
70.105 * 7
= 551.89kNm
8
M Ecq =
65.3 * 7
= 399.96kNm
8
At first, it will be determined the moment resistance of the concrete section only:
h
0,10
5.9.2.3
Theoretical section 2:
hf
M Ed 2 = (beff bw ) * h f * f cd * d
2
= 0.418MNm
0.1
A2 =
M Ed 2
0.418
=
= 22.08cm
0.1
hf
d * f yd 0.595
* 347.8
2
Theoretical section 1:
The theoretical section 1 corresponds to a calculation for a rectangular shape beam section
M Ed 1
0.133
=
= 0.197
bw * d * Fcd 0.18 * 0.595 * 10.67
For a S400B reinforcement and for a XC1 exposure class, there will be a:
compressed reinforcement.
There will be a calculation without compressed reinforcement:
cu < lu = 0.372 ,
M Ed 1
0.133
=
= 7.25cm
z c1 * f yd 0.529 * 347.8
373
Theoretical section 1:
In conclusion the entire reinforcement steel area is A=A1+A2=7.25+22.08=29.33cm2
Finite elements modeling
5.9.2.4
Result name
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
552 kNm
Az (Class B)
29.33 cm2
5.9.3
Result name
My
Az
374
Reference results
Calculated results
Result description
My ULS
Az
Value
-551.893 kN*m
Error
-0.0005 %
-29.3334 cm
-0.0116 %
5.10 EC2 Test 3: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to uniformly distributed load,
with compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4976
Test status: Passed
5.10.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
The objective is to verify:
- The stresses results
- The longitudinal reinforcement
- The verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage
5.10.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate Limit State
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
375
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 1.25 m,
Width: b = 0.65 m,
Length: L = 14 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.8125 m ,
Concrete cover: c = 4.50 cm
Effective height: d = h-(0.6*h+ebz) = 1.130 m; d = ebz = 0.045m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500B reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
fck 25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
2/3
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
fctm = 0.30 * fck
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
f +8
E cm = 22000 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 31476MPa
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*70+1.5*80=214.5*103 N/ml
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=70+80=150*103 N/ml
Quasi-permanent combination of actions:
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=70+0.3*80=94*103 N/ml
376
Load calculations:
MEd =
214.5 * 14
= 5.255 * 10 6 Nm
8
MEcq = 150
150 * 14
= 3.675 * 10 6 Nm
8
94 * 14
= 2.303 * 10 6 Nm
8
MEqp =
(, t 0 ) =
RH
* ( fcm ) * ( t 0 )
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.2
( fcm ) =
16.8
fcm
16.8
25 + 8
= 2.925
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.4
( t 0 ) =
1
0.1 +
t 00.20
1
0.1 + 28 0.20
RH
RH
100
* 1 * 2
= 1+
0.1 * 3 h
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.3a
1 = 2 = 1
35
If not: 1 =
fcm
fcm 35MPa
if
0.7
35
and 2 =
fcm
0.2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.8c
f cm = f ck + 8Mpa = 33Mpa 1 = 2 = 1
2 * Ac
2 * 650 * 1250
h0 =
=
= 427.63mm
u
2 * (650 + 1250)
50
100
= 1+
= 1.66
0.1 * 3 427.63
1
RH
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.6
(, t 0 ) =
RH
Es
E cm
e =
1 + (, t 0 ) *
MEqp
MEcar
Defined earlier:
377
This gives:
200000
31476
e =
1 + 2.70 *
= 15.82
2303 * 10 3
3975 * 10 3
5.10.2.3 Reference results in calculating the concrete beam reduced moment limit
For the calculation of steel ULS, we consider the moment reduced limit of
lu = 0.372
Therefore, make sure to enable the option "limit (0.372 / S 500) " in Advance Design.
Reference reinforcement calculation at SLU:
The calculation of the reinforcement is detailed below:
M Ed
5255.25 * 103 Nm
cu =
=
= 0,383
bw * d * f cd 0,65m * 1.125 m 2 * 16,67 MPa
therefore the compressed reinforced must be resized and then the concrete section
must be adjusted.
Calculation of the tension steel section (Section A1):
The calculation of tensioned steel section must be conducted with the corresponding moment of
Calculation of the lever arm zc: z lu = d * (1 0.4 * lu ) = 1.130 * (1 0.4 * 0.618) = 0.851m
M Ed 1
5.10 * 106 Nm
=
= 137.35cm
A1 =
zlu . f yd 0.851m * 434.78MPa
Compressed steel reinforcement reduction (Section As2):
Reduction coefficient:
sc =
3,5
3 .5
(0.618 *1.130 0.045) = 0.00327
( lu * d d ' ) =
1000 * lu * d
1000 * 0.618 * 1.130
As 2 =
M Ed M Ed 1
5.255 5.15
=
= 2.32cm
(d d ' ) sc
(1.130 0.045) 434.78
A2 = As 2 .
378
sc
f yd
= 2.32cm
150 * 14
= 3.675 * 10 6 Nm
8
The stress on the concrete will be limited at 0.6*fck=15Mpa and the stress on steel at 0.8*fyk, or 400MPa
Calculation of the resistance moment MRd for detecting the presence of the compressed reinforcement:
x1 =
e * c
e * c + s
Fc =
.d =
15.82 * 15
1.125 = 0.419m
15.82 * 15 + 400
1
1
* b w * x1 * c = * 0.65 * 0.419 15 = 2.04 * 10 6 N
2
2
zc = d
x1
0.419
= 1.125
= 0.985m
3
3
M 1 = M rb = 2.01 * 106 Nm
1 =
x1 0.419
=
= 0.372
d 1.125
zc = d
A1 =
0.419
x1
= 1.125
= 0.985m
3
3
M1
2.01
=
= 51.01cm
zc s 0.985 400
sc = e * c *
1 * d d '
1 * d
sc = 15.82 *15 *
A' =
M2
1.645
=
= 71.92cm
(d d ' ) * sc (1.125 0.045) * 211.78
379
As = A' *
211.78
sc
= 71.92 *
= 38.08cm
400
s
Section area:
Tensioned reinforcement: 51.01+38.08=89.09 cm2
Compressed reinforcement: 71.92 cm2
Considering an envelope calculation of ULS and SLS, it will be obtained:
Tensioned reinforcement ULS: A=141.42cm2
Compressed reinforcement SLS: A=71.92cm2
To optimize the reinforcement area, it is preferable a third iteration by recalculating with SLS as a baseline amount of
tensioned reinforcement (after ULS: Au=141.44cm2)
Reference reinforcement additional iteration for calculation at SLS:
For this iteration the calculation will be started from the section of the tensioned reinforcement found when calculating
2
the SLS: Au=141.44cm .
For this particular value, it will be calculated the resistance obtained for tensioned reinforcement:
s =
89.18
AELS
s =
400 = 252 MPa
141.42
AELU
x1 =
15.82 * 15
e * c
*d =
* 1.130 = 0.55m
15.82 * 15 + 252
e * c + s
1
1
Fc = * bw * x1 * c = * 0.65 * 0.55 *15 = 2.67 *106 N
2
2
zc = d
x1
0.55
= 0.94m
= 1.125
3
3
M rb = Fc * zc =
1
0.55
x 1
6
* bw * x1 * c * d 1 = * 0.65 * 0.55 * 15 * 1.125
= 2.52 * 10 Nm
2
3
2
3
According to the calculation above Mser,cq is grater then Mrb the compressed steel reinforcement is set.
Theoretical section 1 (tensioned reinforcement only)
M 1 = M rb = 2.52 * 106 Nm
1 =
x1 0.55
=
= 0.488
d 1.125
zc = d
A1 =
380
x1
0.548
= 1.125
= 0.94m
3
3
M1
2.52
=
= 106.38cm
zc s 0.94 252
sc = e * c *
1 *d d '
1 *d
sc = 15.82 *15 *
A' =
1.155
M2
=
= 49.12cm
(d d ' ) * sc (1.125 0.045) * 217.73
As = A' *
sc
217.73
= 49.12 *
= 42.44cm
252
s
Section area:
Tensioned reinforcement: 106.38+42.44=148.82 cm2
Compressed reinforcement: 49.12 cm2
Reference solution for minimal reinforcement area
The minimum percentage for a rectangular beam in pure bending is:
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
As , min
Therefore:
As , min
2.56
381
382
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
5255 kNm
My,SLS,c
3675 kNm
My,SLS,q
2303 kNm
Az (A)
148.82 cm2
9.73 cm2
Amin
Result description
My USL
Value
-5255.25 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
My
My SLS cq
-3675 kN*m
0.0000 %
My
My SLS pq
-2303 kN*m
0.0000 %
Az
Az
-147.617 cm
-0.0590 %
Amin
Amin
9.79662 cm
0.1699 %
383
5.11 EC2 Test 44: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to eccentric loading - Bilinear
stress-strain diagram (Class X0)
Test ID: 5213
Test status: Passed
5.11.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made of concrete C30/37 subjected to eccentric loading - Bilinear stressstrain diagram (Class X0).
The verification of the bending stresses at ultimate limit state is performed.
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate Limit State
During this test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal and transversal
reinforcement.
- Support at start point (x = 0) fixed connection
- Support at end point (x = 5.00) fixed connection
5.11.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate Limit State
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37 to resist eccentric loading. During
this test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal and transversal
reinforcement.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
384
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.30 m,
Width: b = 0.18 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.054 m ,
Concrete cover: c=5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.25m; ebz=0.035m
The load eccentricity will be considered of 0.50m
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
385
TA = P * e *
b
3 3
= 0,5 * P * = P
a+b
5 10
TB = P * e *
a
2
1
= 0,5 * P * = P
a+b
5
5
Note: the diagram of bending moment is the same as the shear force multiplied by the eccentricity.
TEd =
3
3
* Pu = * 20,7 = 6.21KNm
10
10
TEd =
Pu 20.7
=
= 4.14 KNm
5
5
386
6 * Pu 6 * 20,7
=
= 24,84 KNm = 0,0248MNm
5
5
0,0248
= 0,110
0,18 * 0.25 * 20
cu =
0,0248
= 2,43 * 10 4 m = 2,43cm
0,235 * 434,78
Al =
TEd * uk
* cot
2 * Ak * f yd
0.18 * 0.30
A
= max(0.07;0.05625) = 0.07m
tef = max 2 * c; = max 2 * 0.035;
2 * (0.18 + 0.3)
u
Al =
0.0062 * 0.68
= 1.92cm
2 * 0.0253 * 434.78
Al =
0.00414 * 0.68
= 1.28cm
2 * 0.0253 * 434.78
AswT
TEd
0.0062
= 2.82cm / ml
=
=
sT
2 * Ak * f yd * cot 2 * 0.0253 * 434.78
387
AswT
TEd
0.00414
=
=
= 1.88cm / ml
sT
2 * Ak * f yd * cot 2 * 0.0253 * 434.78
Concrete verification:
Calculation of the maximum allowable stress under torsional moment:
v = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.528
250
TRd , max = 2 * 0.528 * 20 * 0.0253 * 0.07 * 0.70 * 0.70 = 0.018MN
Calculation of the maximum allowable stress under shear:
VRd , max = bw * z * v * f cd *
cot + cot
1 + cot
z = zc = 0.235m
Vertical reinforcement:
cot = 1
30
= 0.528
v = 0,6 * 1
250
VRd , max = bw * zc * v * f cd *
cot + cot
1
= 0.18 * 0.235 * 0.528 * 20 * = 0.223MN
1 + cot
2
TEd
TRd , max
VEd
1,0
VRd , max
0.0062 0.0124
+
= 0.400 1,0
0.018
0.223
Finite elements modeling
388
Result description
Reference value
2
Al,1
1.92 cm2
Al,2
1.28 cm2
Ator,y,1
2.82 cm2/ml
Ator,y,2
1.88 cm2/ml
Result description
Al,1
Value
1.91945 cm
Error
-0.0286 %
Al
Al,2
1.27964 cm
-0.0281 %
Ator,y / face
Ator,y,1
2.82273 cm
0.0968 %
Ator,y / face
Ator,y,2
1.88182 cm
0.0968 %
389
5.12 EC2 Test 45: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam supporting a balcony - Bilinear stressstrain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5225
Test status: Passed
5.12.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section beam made of concrete C25/30 supporting a balcony - Bilinear
stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate Limit State
Verifies the column resistance to rotation moment along its length. During this test, the determination of stresses is
made along with the determination of the longitudinal and transversal reinforcement.
5.12.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate Limit State
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist rotation moment along its
length. During this test, the calculation of stresses is performed, along with the calculation of the longitudinal and
transversal reinforcement.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
390
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.75 m,
Width: b = 0.25 m,
Length: L = 4.00 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.1875 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4cm
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Vertical loads applied to the beam (kN/ml) from the load distribution over the balcony
Rotation moment applied to the beam (kN/ml) from the load distribution over the balcony
Each action (self-weight and distributed load) is determined by summing the resulting vertical loads along the eaves
and the torsional moment by multiplying the resultant by the corresponding lever arm.
CAUTION, different lever arm must be considered from the center of the beam (by adding therefore the half-width).
The results are displayed in the table below:
391
Load calculation:
From previously calculated results, the following stresses can be determined:
VEd
Shear:
Bending moment:
Torque:
M Ed
TEd
VEd =
Pu * l 21,14 * 4
= 42,3KN = 0,042 MN
=
2
2
M Ed =
Pu * l 21,14 * 4
=
= 28,2 KNm = 0,028MNm
12
12
M Ed =
Pu * l 21,14 * 4
=
= 14,1KNm = 0,014 MNm
24
24
Torsion moment:
For a beam subjected to a torque constant:
TEd = mtu *
392
l
4
= 0,015 * = 0,03MNm
2
2
cu =
0,014
= 0,007
0,25 * 0.70 * 16.67
0,014
= 4.62 * 10 4 m = 0.46cm
0,697 * 434,78
As , min
As , min
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
f ct , eff
2.56
* bw * d = 0.26 *
* 0.25 * 0.70 = 2.27cm
0.26 *
= Max
= 2.27cm
500
f yk
cu =
0,028
= 0,014
0,25 * 0.70 * 16.67
0,028
= 9.27 * 10 4 m = 0.93cm
0,695 * 434,78
VEd = 0,042MN
The transmission to the support is not direct; it is considered a connecting rod inclined by 45, therefore
cot = 1
VRd , max = bw * z * v * f cd *
cot + cot
1 + cot
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 6.2.3(4)
393
Vertical frames:
25
v = 0,6 * 1
= 0.54
250
VRd , max = bw * zc * v * f cd *
VRd , max =
v1 * f cd * zu * bw
tg + cot
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 6.2.3(3)
Asw VEd . * tg
0.042
=
=
= 1.39cm / ml
s
zu * f yd
0.695 * 434.78
(over shear)
Asw
w,min .bw . sin
s
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 9.2.2(5)
With:
w, min =
0,08 * f ck 0,08 * 25
=
= 0.0008
500
f yk
Asw
0.0008 * 0.25 = 2cm / ml
s
Therefore:
Asw
2cm / ml
s
Torsion calculation:
Torsion moment was calculated before:
394
TEd = 0,03MNm
t ,i =
TEd
2 * tef ,i * Ak
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 6.3.2(1)
tef ,i
2 * c = 8cm
(
25
* 75)
A
= max =
= 9.375cm = 9.375cm
u 2(25 + 75)
TEd
0.03
=
= 1.56Mpa
2 * t ef ,i * A k
2 * 0.09375 * 0.1025
Concrete verification:
Calculate the maximum allowable stress in the rods:
v = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.54
250
TRd , max = 2 * 0.54 * 16.67 * 0.1025 * 0.09375 * 0.70 * 0.70 = 0.085MN
Because of the combined share/moment effect, we must calculate:
TEd
TRd , max
VEd
1,0
VRd , max
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 6.3.2(4)
0.03 0.042
+
= 0.399 1,0
0.085 0.78
Torsion longitudinal reinforcement
Al =
TEd * uk
* cot
2 * Ak * f yd
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 6.3.2(3)
Al =
0.03 * 1.625
= 5.47cm
2 * 0.1025 * 434.78
AswT
TEd
0.03
=
=
= 3.36cm / ml
sT
2 * Ak * f yd * cot 2 * 0.1025 * 434.78
Therefore
AswT
3,36cm / ml for each face.
sT
395
2
Transversal reinforcement (3.36cm /ml)
Result description
Reference value
Mx
29.96 cm2
Al
5.46 cm2
Ator,y
3.36 cm2/ml
Result description
Mx
Value
29.9565 kN*m
Error
-0.1450 %
Al
Al
5.4595 cm
-0.1920 %
Ator,y / face
Ator,y/face
3.35969 cm
-0.0092 %
396
5.13 EC2 Test 43: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a small rotation moment and
significant compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stressstrain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5211
Test status: Passed
5.13.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a square cross section column made of concrete C30/37 subjected to a small rotation
moment and significant compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
(Class XC1).
The verification of the axial stresses and rotation moment, applied on top, at ultimate limit state is performed.
Nominal curvature method.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity, and then
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
5.13.2 Background
The calculation is based on the nominal curvature method.
Verify the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the nominal curvature method, and then
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
397
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5 cm
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
Loading
The column is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
NEd = 1.35 * 150 + 1.50 * 100 = 352.50kN = 0.353MN
MEd = 1.35 * 15 + 1.50 * 7 = 30.75kNm = 0.03075MNm
l0 = 2 * l = 11.60m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.2(1); Figure 5.7 b)
Calculating the slenderness of the column:
398
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 11.60
=
= 80.37
a
0.50
ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
M EQP
M Ed
e1 = e0 + ei
ei =
l0
11.60
=
= 0.029m
400
400
e1 = e0 + ei =
M Eqp 0
N Eqp 0
+ ei =
15 + 0.30 * 7
+ 0.029 = 0.124m
150 + 0.30 * 100
M Ed 1 = 0.041MNm
The creep coefficient
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.72
f cm
30 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
RH
100
* 1 * 2
= 1+
0.1 * 3 h0
f cm
35
0 .7
35
=
38
0.7
35
= 0.944 and 2 =
f cm
0.2
35
=
38
0.2
= 0.984
399
h0 =
2 * Ac
2 * 500 * 500
=
= 250mm RH
2 * (500 + 500 )
u
50
100
* 0.984 = 1.72
*
0
.
944
= 1 +
0.1 * 3 250
ef = (, t 0 )*
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.28 *
0.02232
= 1.24
0.041
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.1(1)
Where:
n=
0.353
N Ed
= 0.071
=
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0.2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.25 = 0.80
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1,7 rm = 0.70
lim =
The eccentricity of the first order ULS moment, due to the stresses applied
e0 =
M Ed 0.03075
=
= 0.087 m
0.353
N Ed
Additional eccentricity:
ei =
400
l0
11.6
=
= 0.029m
400 400
= N Ed * e0 , where:
20mm
20mm
20mm
e0 = max h = max 500mm = max
= 20mm
16.7mm
30
30
In this case, the corrected forces used for the combined flexural calculations are:
N Ed = 0.353MN
h
0.50
h
d
h
d
0.50
0.50
* (1 0.4 *
) = 0.494
0.45
0.45
M ua
0.112
=
= 0.055
bw * d * f cd 0.50 * 0.45 * 20
401
cu = 0.055
A =
1
1
= K r * K *
r0
r
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1(2004): Chapter 5.8.8.3(1)
f yd
434.78
Es
1
=
=
= 200000 = 0.0107 m 1
r0 (0.45 * d ) (0.45 * d ) 0.45 * 0.45
yd
Kr =
nu n
1
nu nbal
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1(2004): Chapter 5.8.8.3(3)
n=
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.0706
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
5 * 104 * 434.78
=
= 0.0435
0.50 * 20
nu = 1 + = 1 + 0.0435 = 1.0435
nbal = 0,4
402
1.0435 0.0706
= 1.51
1.0435 0.40
Kr =
Condition: K r
1 , therefore we consider: K r = 1
K creep coefficient: K = 1 + * ef 1
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1(2004): Chapter 5.8.8.3(4)
,
Therefore:
1
1
= K r * K * = 1 * 1 * 0.0107 = 0.0107 m 1
r
r0
Calculation moment:
The calculation of bending moment is defined by the following formula:
M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2
Where:
M 0 Ed
M2
M 2 = N Ed * e2
e2 =
1 l02
11.60
* = 0.0107 *
= 0.1799m
r c
8
Note: c = 8 according to chapter 5.8.8.2 (4) from EN 1992-1-1; because the moment is constant (no horizontal force
at the top of column).
403
M Ed
0.1045
=
= 0.0418
2
b * h * f cd 0.5 * 0.5 2 * 20
As ,min =
404
Result description
Reference value
Amin
5 cm2
Result description
Amin
Value
5 cm
Error
0.0000 %
405
5.14 EC2 Test 46 I: Verifying a square concrete beam subjected to a normal force of traction Inclined stress-strain diagram (Class X0)
Test ID: 5232
Test status: Passed
5.14.1 Description
Verifies a square cross section beam made of concrete C20/25 subjected to a normal force of traction - Inclined
stress-strain diagram (Class X0).
Tie sizing
Inclined stress-strain diagram
Determines the armature of a pulling reinforced concrete, subjected to a normal force of traction.
The load combinations will produce the following efforts:
NEd=1.35*233.3+1.5+56.67=400kN
The boundary conditions are described below:
- Support at start point (x=0) fixed connection
- Support at end point (x = 5.00) translation along the Z axis is blocked
5.14.2 Background
Tie sizing
Bilinear stress-strain diagram / Inclined stress-strain diagram
Verifies the armature of a pulling reinforced concrete, C20/25, subjected to a normal force of traction.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
406
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.15 m,
Width: b = 0.15 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.0225 m ,
Concrete cover: c=3cm
Fck=20MPa
The load combinations will produce the following efforts:
NEd=1.35*233.3+1.5+56.67=400kN
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
As ,U
N Ed
s ,U
0.400
= 11,50 * 10 4 m = 11,50cm
400
1.15
As ,U
N Ed
s ,U
0.400
= 10,72 * 10 4 m = 10,70cm
373
As Ac *
f ctm
f yk
2.21
f ctm
= 0.0225 *
= 1.24cm
400
f yk
407
In case of using the inclined stress-strain diagram, the reinforcement will result: (Az=10.70cm2=2*5.35 cm2)
Result description
Reference value
Az,1
5.75 cm2
Az,2
5.37 cm2
408
Result description
As,U - longitudinal reinforcement area when inclined
stress-strain diagram is used
Value
-5.36526 cm
Error
-0.0981 %
5.15 EC2 Test30: Verifying the shear resistance for a T concrete beam with inclined transversal
reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5098
Test status: Passed
5.15.1 Description
Verifies a T cross section beam made from concrete C30/37 to resist simple bending. For this test, the shear force
diagram and the moment diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be
sustained by the member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max, will be determined, along with the
cross-sectional area of the shear reinforcement, Asw. The test will not use the reduced shear force value.
The beam model was provided by Bouygues.
5.15.2 Background
Verifies a T cross section beam made from concrete C30/37 to resist simple bending. For this test, the shear force
diagram and the moment diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be
sustained by the member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max, will be determined, along with the
cross-sectional area of the shear reinforcement, Asw. The test will not use the reduced shear force value.
The beam model was provided by Bouygues.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Concrete: C35/40
Exploitation loadings:
The live load will be considered from one linear load of 25.00kN/m
Structural class: S3
Reinforcement steel ductility: Class B
Exposure class: XC1
409
Concrete density:
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete: fctm=2.9 MPa
Steel density:
Slenderness ratio:
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Length: L = 8.10 m,
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =22.00
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
410
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 10.00) restrained in translation along Y, Z and rotation along X
Inner: None.
Loading:
Note: In Advance Design, the shear reduction is not taken into account. These are the values corresponding to an
unreduced shear, that will be used for further calculations.
For a 4.3 cm concrete cover and dinit=0.521, the reference value will be 54.3 cm2:
Asw VEd . * tg
=
s
zu * f ywd
Where:
= 90
Asw VEd . * tg 0.589 * tg 22
=
=
= 11.67cm / ml
500
s
zu * f ywd
0.469 *
1,15
411
0,08 * f ck
Asw
0,08 * 30
w, min * bw * sin =
* bw * sin =
* 0.80 * sin 90 = 7.01cm / ml
s
f yk
500
Finite elements modeling
9 nodes,
1 linear element.
2
Advance Design gives the following results for Atz (cm /ml)
Result description
Reference value
My
1193.28 kNm
Fz
589.28 kN
2
Az(6.4cm cover)
57.07 cm2/ml
Az(4.3cm cover)
54.28 cm2/ml
At,z,1
11.68 cm2/ml
At,z,2
7.01 cm2/ml
Result description
My
Value
-1193.28 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Fz
Fz
-589.275 kN
0.0000 %
Az
Az 4.3cm cover
-54.2801 cm
0.0366 %
Atz
11.6782 cm
0.0703 %
Atz
Atz middle
7.01085 cm
0.0121 %
412
5.16 EC2 Test 20: Verifying the crack openings for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a
uniformly distributed load, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
(Class XD1)
Test ID: 5034
Test status: Passed
5.16.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Serviceability State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of compressing stresses in concrete section
and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section; the maximum spacing of cracks and the crack openings
are verified.
5.16.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Serviceability State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses will be made along with the calculation of compressing stresses in concrete section c
and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s; maximum spacing of cracks and the crack openings.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Structural class: S4
413
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.80 m,
Width: b = 0.40 m,
Length: L = 8.00 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.32 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4.5cm
Effective height: d=71cm;
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 is used. The following characteristics are used in relation to this material:
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load calculations:
5.16.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92MPa
25 + 8
f cm
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
414
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
RH
If
f cm 35Mpa ,
1 = 2 = 1
If not,
35
1 =
f cm
0.7
35
2 =
f cm
and
0.2
In this case,
, therefore
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
2 Ac
2 * 400 * 800
=
= 266.67 mm
2 * (400 + 800)
u
h0 =
RH
50
100
=1+
= 1.78 (, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.78 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.55
0.1 * 3 266.67
1
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 )
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 31476 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
(, t0 ) = 2.55
e =
Es
200000
=
= 22.56
Ecm
31476
1 + (, t0 ) 1 + 2.55
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is:
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
415
1
* b w * x1 A st * e * (d x1 ) + A sc * e * ( x1 d' ) = 0
2
e * ( A sc + A st ) + e2 * ( A sc + A st ) + 2 * b w * e * (d'* A sc + d * A st )
x1 =
bw
e * A st + e2 * A st + 2 * b w * e * d * A st )
b
Asc = 0
, it will be obtained:
b * x3
I = w 1 + A st * e * (d x1 ) + A sc * e * ( x1 d' ) =
0.4 * 0.3503
=
+ 30,16 * 10 4 * 22.56 * (0.71 0.350) = 0.0145m4
3
Stresses calculation:
c =
0,330
M ser
* x1 =
* 0,350 = 7.96Mpa
0,0145
I
st = e * c *
0,71 0,350
d x1
= 22.56 * 7.96 *
= 184.7 Mpa s = 400 Mpa
0,350
x1
Ac , eff
2.5 * (h d )
2.5 * (0.8 0.71) = 0.255
(h x)
(0.8 0.350)
= b * min
=0.40 * min
= 0.15 = 0.4 * 0.15 = 0.06m 2
3
3
h
0
.8
= 0.4
2
2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 7.3.4.(2); Figure 7.1
p , eff =
As
30.16 * 104
=
= 0.0500
Ac , eff
0.06
n1 * 12 + n2 * 22
eq =
= 16mm
n1 * 1 + n2 * 2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 7.3.4.(3)
sr ,max = k3 * c +
416
0.425 * k1 * k 2 *
p ,eff
Where:
c=0.051m
25
k3 = 3.4 *
c
2/3
25
= 3.4 *
51
2/3
= 2.113
Therefore:
sr , max = k3 * c +
0.425 * k1 * k2 *
p , eff
= 2.113 * 0.051 +
e =
Es
200000
=
= 6.41
Ecm
31187
s kt *
sm cm =
f ct ,eff
p ,eff
* (1 + e . p ,eff )
Es
184.71 0.4 *
2.56
* (1 + 6.41 * 0.050)
0.050
= 7.88 *10 4 0,6 * s = 5.54 *10 4
Es
200000
417
418
Result description
Reference value
MEd
774 kNm
Mser-cq
540 kNm
Mser-qp
330 kNm
7.96 MPa
Sr,max
16.2 cm
Wk
0.0128 cm
185 Mpa
Result description
My ULS
Value
-774 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
My
My SLS cq
-540 kN*m
0.0000 %
My
My SLS qp
-330 kN*m
0.0000 %
Sc QP
Sc QP
7.76924 MPa
-2.3965 %
Ss QP
Ss QP
-181.698 MPa
1.6307 %
Sr,max
Sr,max
161.577 mm
-0.2611 %
wk
Wk
-0.125137 mm
2.2367 %
419
5.17 EC2 Test 26: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with vertical
transversal reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5072
Test status: Passed
5.17.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. For this test, the
shear force diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max, will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement, Asw. For the calculation, the reduced shear force values will be used.
5.17.2 Background
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. For this test, the
shear force diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max, will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional area
of the shear reinforcement, Asw. For the calculation, the reduced shear force values will be used.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Concrete C25/30
Exploitation loadings:
The live load will be considered from one linear load of 25kN
Structural class: S1
Reinforcement steel ductility: Class B
The reinforcement will be displayed like in the picture below:
420
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.70 m,
Width: b = 0.35 m,
Length: L = 5.75 m,
Concrete cover: c=3.5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.06*h+ebz)=0.623m; d=ehz=0.035m
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =45
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.30) restrained in translation along Y, Z and rotation along X
Inner: None.
Loading:
For a beam subjected to a point load, Pu, the shear stresses are defined by the formula below:
VEd =
Pu * l
2
According to EC2 the Pu point load is defined by the next formula:
Pu = 1,35*Pg + 1,50*Pq=1.35*40kN+1.50*25kN=91.5kN
In this case :
VEd =
5.75 * 91.5
= 263KN
2
Pu = 91.5kN / ml
M Ed =
cu =
91.5 * 5.75
= 378.15kNm
8
0.378
M Ed
=
= 0.167
bw * d * f cd 0.35 * 0.623 * 16.67
421
V ( x) = Pu * x
Pu * l
2
Therefore:
(cot + cot )
1 + cot 2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 6.2.3.(3)
Where:
cw = 1
coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord and
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck
250
When the transverse frames are vertical, the above formula simplifies to:
v 1 * f cd * z u * b w
tg + cot
VRd,max =
In this case:
= 45
and
= 90
= 0.54
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
250
250
VRd , max =
422
3 nodes,
1 linear element.
2
Advance Design gives the following results for Atz (cm /ml)
Result description
Fz
Reference value
2
8.67 cm2/ml
At,z
263 kN
Result description
Fz
Atz
Value
-263.062 kN
Error
-0.0008 %
8.68636 cm
0.1887 %
423
5.18 EC2 Test29: Verifying the shear resistance for a T concrete beam with inclined transversal
reinforcement - Inclined stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5092
Test status: Passed
5.18.1 Description
Verifies a T cross section beam made from concrete C35/40 to resist simple bending. For this test, the shear force
diagram and the moment diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be
sustained by the member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max., will be determined, along with the
cross-sectional area of the shear reinforcement, Asw, calculation. The test will not use the reduced shear force value.
The beam model was provided by Bouygues.
5.18.2 Background
Verifies a T cross section beam made from concrete C35/40 to resist simple bending. For this test, the shear force
diagram and the moment diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be
sustained by the member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max, will be determined, along with the
cross-sectional area of the shear reinforcement, Asw. The test will not use the reduced shear force value.
The beam model was provided by Bouygues.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Concrete: C35/40
Exploitation loadings:
The live load will be considered from one linear load of 80.00kN/m
424
Structural class: S3
Reinforcement steel ductility: Class B
Exposure class: XC1
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days:
Partial factor for concrete:
Slenderness ratio:
= 0.80
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Length: L = 10.00 m,
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =29.74
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at start point (x=0) restrained in translation along X, Y and Z,
Support at end point (x = 10.00) restrained in translation along Y, Z and rotation along X
Inner: None.
425
Loading:
Note:
In Advance Design, the shear reduction is not taken into account. These are the values corresponding to an unreduced
shear, that will be used for further calculations.
For a 2.7 cm concrete cover and dinit=1.148m, the reference value will be 105.7 cm2:
Asw VEd . * tg
=
s
zu * f ywd
Where:
= 90
Asw VEd . * tg 1.502 * tg 29.74
=
=
= 19.50cm / ml
500
s
zu * f ywd
1.0125 *
1,15
426
0,08 * f ck
Asw
0,08 * 35
* bw * sin =
* 0.55 * sin 90 = 5.21cm / ml
w, min * bw * sin =
s
f yk
500
Finite elements modeling
15 nodes,
1 linear element.
Advance Design gives the following results for Atz (cm2/ml)
Result description
Reference value
My
5255.58 kNm
Fz
1501.59 kN
Az(5cm cover)
108.30 cm2/ml
Az(2.7cm cover)
105.69 cm2/ml
At,z,1
19.10 cm2/ml
At,z,2
5.21 cm2/ml
Result description
My
Value
-5255.58 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Fz
Fz
-1501.59 kN
0.0000 %
Az
Az 5cm
-105.694 cm
2.4072 %
Az
Az 2.7cm
-105.694 cm
0.0000 %
Atz
Atz end
19.0973 cm
0.0000 %
Atz
Atz middle
5.20615 cm
0.0000 %
427
5.19 EC2 Test 18: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load,
with compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)
Test ID: 5011
Test status: Passed
5.19.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Serviceability State Limit - Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from
concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending.
During this test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of compressing stresses in
concrete section and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section.
5.19.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Serviceability State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of compressing stresses in concrete section c and
compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Loadings from the structure: G = 37.5 kN/m (including the dead load),
Structural class: S4
Units
Metric System
428
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.80 m,
Width: b = 0.35 m,
Length: L = 8.00 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.28 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4 cm
Effective height: d=72cm;
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 is used. The following characteristics are used in relation to this material:
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
Load calculations:
429
5.19.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92MPa
f cm
25 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100
= 1+
* 1 * 2
0.1*3 h0
RH
if
35
1 =
f
cm
If not,
0.7
35
2 =
f
cm
and
0.2
In this case,
, therefore
1 = 2 = 1
In this case,
Humidity RH=50 %
2 Ac
2 * 350 * 800
=
= 243.48mm
u
2 * (350 + 800)
h0 =
RH
50
100
=1+
= 1.80 (, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.80 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.56
0.1 * 3 243.48
1
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
430
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 31476 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
M Eqp
= 1 + 2.56 *
M Ecar
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
=
M Eqp
390
= 2.664
600
200000
= 16.90
31476
2.664
M Ecar
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is:
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit
s = 0,8 * f yk = 320Mpa
1
* b w * x1 A st * e * (d x1 ) + A sc * e * ( x1 d' ) = 0
2
e * ( A st + A sc ) + e * ( A st + A sc ) + 2 * b w * e * (d * A st + d'* A sc )
b
16.90 * (37.70 + 6.28) + 16.90 * (37.70 + 6.28) + 2 * 35 * 16.90 * (72 * 37.70 + 4 * 6.28)
= 34,41cm
35
I = w 1 + A st * e * (d x1 ) + A sc * e * ( x1 d' ) =
3
35 * 34,413
=
+ 37,70 * 16.90(72 34,45) + 6,28 * 16.90 * (34.45 4) = 1472097cm4 = 0.01472m4
3
Stresses calculation:
c =
M ser
0,600
* x1 =
* 0,3441 = 14Mpa c = 12Mpa
I
0,01472
st = e * c *
d x1
0,72 0,3441
= 16.90 * 14 *
= 259Mpa s = 400Mpa
x1
0,3441
431
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
600 kNm
14 MPa
260.15 MPa
Result description
My SLS
Value
-600 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Sc CQ
Sc CQ
14.122 MPa
0.0142 %
Ss CQ
Ss CQ
-260.116 MPa
0.0015 %
432
5.20 EC2 Test 24: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with vertical
transversal reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5058
Test status: Passed
5.20.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C20/25 to resist simple bending. For this test, the
shear force diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts (VRd,max) will be determined, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement (Asw) calculation.
5.20.2 Background
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C20/25 to resist simple bending. For this test, the
shear force diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts (VRd,max) will be determined, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement (Asw) calculation.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Concrete C20/25
Exploitation loadings:
The live load will be considered from one point load of 95kN
Structural class: S1
Reinforcement steel ductility: Class B
The reinforcement will be displayed like in the picture below:
433
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 3.00 m,
Concrete cover: c=3.5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.06*h+ebz)=0.435m; d=ehz=0.035m
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =30
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.30) restrained in translation along Y, Z and rotation along X
Inner: None.
Loading:
For a beam subjected to a point load, Pu, the shear stresses are defined by the formula below:
a
VEd = Pu 1
l
1
VEd = 284,25 * 1 = 189,5 KN
3
Note:
434
In Advance Design, the shear reduction is not taken into account. These are the values corresponding to an
unreduced shear, that will be used for further calculations.
(cot + cot )
1 + cot 2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 6.2.3.(3)
Where:
cw = 1 coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord and v 1 = 0,6 * 1 ck
250
When the transverse frames are vertical, the above formula simplifies to:
v 1 * f cd * z u * b w
tg + cot
VRd,max =
In this case,
= 45
and
= 90
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
= 0.55
250
250
VRd , max =
is determined by considering the transverse reinforcement steel vertical (=90) and connecting rods inclined
at 45 , at different points of the beam
beyond the point load, the shear force is constant and equal to Rb, therefore:
Vu = Pu *
a
1
= 284,25 * = 94,75 KN
l
3
it also calculates the required reinforcement area to the right side of the beam:
435
Result description
Reference value
Fz,1
189.5 kN
Fz,2
94.75 kN
At,z,1
11.13 cm2/ml
At,z,2
5.57 cm2/ml
Result description
Fz,1
Value
-189.5 kN
Error
0.0000 %
Fz
Fz,2
94.75 kN
0.0000 %
Atz
Atz,1
11.1328 cm
0.1151 %
Atz
Atz,2
5.56641 cm
-0.0645 %
436
5.21 EC2 Test28: Verifying the shear resistance for a T concrete beam with inclined transversal
reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class X0)
Test ID: 5083
Test status: Passed
5.21.1.1 Description
Verifies a T cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. For this test, the shear force
diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the member,
limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max. will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional area of the
shear reinforcement, Asw, calculation.
The test will not use the reduced shear force value.
5.21.1.2 Background
Verifies a T cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. For this test, the shear force
diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the member,
limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max, will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional area of the
shear reinforcement, Asw, calculation. The test will not use the reduced shear force value.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Concrete: C25/30
Exploitation loadings:
The live load will be considered from one linear load of 26.60kN/m
Structural class: S1
Reinforcement steel ductility: Class B
Exposure class: X0
Concrete density: 25kN/m3
The reinforcement will be displayed like in the picture below:
437
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Length: L = 10.00 m,
Concrete cover: c=3.5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.06*h+ebz)=0.764m; d=ehz=0.035m
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =30
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 10.00) restrained in translation along Y, Z and rotation along X
Inner: None.
Loading:
For a beam under a uniformly distributed load Pu, the shear force is defined by the following equation:
V ( x) = Pu * x
Pu * l
2
For the beam end, (x=0) the shear force will be:
VEd =
438
Pu * l
58,57 * 10
=
= 292,9kN
2
2
In the following calculations, the negative sign of the shear will be neglected, as this has no effect in the calculations.
Note:
In Advance Design, the shear reduction is not taken into account. These are the values corresponding to an
unreduced shear, that will be used for further calculations.
VRd , max =
v1 * f cd * zu * bw
tg + cot
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 6.2.3.(3)
In this case:
= 30 and = 90
v1 strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear
25
f
= 0.54
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
250
250
439
Result description
Reference value
Fz
292.9 kN
At,z
5.66 cm2/ml
440
Result description
Fz
Atz
Value
-292.852 kN
Error
-0.0007 %
5.65562 cm
-0.0774 %
5.22 EC2 Test34: Verifying a rectangular concrete column subjected to compression on the top
Method based on nominal stiffness - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5114
Test status: Passed
5.22.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section column made of concrete C30/37. The verification of the axial
stresses applied on top, at ultimate limit state is performed.
Method based on nominal stiffness - The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the
method of nominal stiffness, and then calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free at the top part.
5.22.2 Background
Method based on nominal stiffness
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made of concrete C30/37.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal stiffness, and
then calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
2 = 0,3
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
Characteristic combination of actions: CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q
Concrete cover 5cm
Transversal reinforcement spacing a=30cm
Concrete C30/37
Steel reinforcement S500B
The column is considered isolated and braced
441
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.40 m,
Width: b = 0.60 m,
Length: L = 4.00 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5 cm along the long section edge and 3cm along the short section edge
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
NEd =1.35*0.30+1.5*0.50=1.155MN
NQP=1.35*0.30+0.30*0.50=0.450MN
l0 = 2 * l = 2 * 4 = 8m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.2(1); Figure 5.7 b)
442
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 8
=
= 69.28
a
0.40
ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
M Ed
M 0 Eqp
M 0 Ed
N eqp * e1
N ed *e1
N eqp
N ed
0.450
= 0.39
1.155
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.73MPa
f cm
30 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0 .1 + t 0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 h0
h0 =
= 2 = 1 if f cm
35
35MPa if not 1 =
f cm
0.7
and
35
2 =
f cm
0.2
2 * Ac
2 * 400 * 600
=
= 240mm
u
2 * (400 + 600 )
443
Therefore:
35
1 =
f cm
RH
0.7
35
=
38
0.7
35
= 0.944 and 2 =
f cm
0.2
35
=
38
0.2
= 0.984
50
RH
1
1
100 * * = 1 +
100 * 0.944 * 0.984 = 1.73
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 240
0.1 * 3 h0
ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
n=
N Ed
1.155
=
= 0.241
Ac * f cd 0.40 * 0.60 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0,2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 * 0.90 = 0.85
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1,7 rm = 0.70
lim =
ei =
444
l0
8
=
= 0.02m
400 400
20mm
20mm
20mm
= 20mm
e0 = max h = max 400mm = max
13.3mm
30
30
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 6.1.(4)
The corrected solicitations which are taken into account when calculating the column under combined bending effort
and compression, are:
NEd= 1.155MN
MEd= 1.155*0.02=0.0231MNm
Reinforcement calculation in the first order situation:
When using the nominal stiffness method, a starting section frame is needed. For this it will be used a concrete
section considering only the first order effects.
Advance Design iterates as many time as necessary.
The needed frames will be determined assuming a compound bending with compressive stress. All the results above
were obtained in the center of gravity for the concrete section alone. The stresses must be reduced in the centroid of
the tensioned steel.
0.40
h
BC = 0,8 *
cu =
0,40
0,40
h
h
) = 0,496
* (1 0,4 * ) = 0,8 *
* (1 0,4 *
0,35
d
d
0,35
0.196
M ua
=
= 0.133
bw * d * f cd 0.60 * 0.35 * 20
cu = 0.133
M ua
0,196
=
= 13.87cm
zc * f yd 0,325 * 434,78
445
A = A'
N
1.155
= 13.87 * 10 4
= 12.69cm 2
f yd
434.78
As , min =
EI = K c * Ecd * I c + K s * Es * I s
With:
Ecm
1.2
Ecd =
f cm = f ck + 8MPa = 38MPa
Ecm
f
= 22000 * cm
10
Ecd =
Ic =
0.3
38
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 32837 MPa
Ecm 32837
=
= 27364MPa
1.2
1.2
b * h3 0.60 * 0.403
=
= 3,2.10 3 m4
12
12
Es = 200000MPa
Is
As
6,09.10 4
=
= 0.00254
Ac 0.60 * 0.40
0.002 =
k1 =
n=
f ck
30
=
= 1.22 Mpa
20
20
N Ed
1.155
=
= 0.241
Ac . f cd 0.40 * 0.60 * 20
k2 = n *
446
As
< 0.01
Ac
69.28
= 0.241*
= 0.098 0.20
170
170
A h
6,09.10 4 0.40
*
Is = 2 * s * c = 2 *
0.05 = 1,37.10 5 m4
2
2 2
K s = 1 and K c =
k1 * k2 1.22 * 0.098
=
= 0.063
1 + ef
1 + 0.90
Therefore:
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.0231MNm (moment of first order (ULS) taking into account geometric imperfections)
(normal force acting at ULS).
c0
and
c0 = 8
= 1.234
8
NB = *
8.2566
EI
=*
= 1.27327 MN
2
8
l0
N Ed 2 = 1.155MN
M Ed 2 = 0.3015MN .m
The reinforcement calculations considering the second order effect:
The reinforcement calculations for the combined flexural, under the second order effect, are done using the Graitec
EC2 tools. The obtained section is null, therefore the minimum reinforcement area defined above is sufficient for the
defined efforts.
Finite elements modeling
447
Result description
Reference value
2
Ay
2.66 cm2
Amin
4.80 cm2
448
Result description
Ay
Amin
Value
-2.66 cm
Error
0.0000 %
4.8 cm
0.0000 %
5.23 EC2 Test 38: Verifying a rectangular concrete column using the simplified method
Professional rules - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5127
Test status: Passed
5.23.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section concrete C25/30 column using the simplified method Professional rules Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
The column is considered connected to the ground by an articulated connection (all the translations are blocked). At
the top part, the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along the Z axis is also blocked.
5.23.2 Background
Simplified Method
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
449
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.30 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 6.50 m,
Concrete cover: c=5cm
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
The column is considered connected to the ground by a articulated connection (all the translations are blocked) and
to the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along Z axis is also blocked.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
L
L
L
L * 12 6.5 * 12
L0
L
= 0 = 0 = 0 = 0 = 0
=
= 75.06
a
0.3
a
i
I
a2
a4
12
A
12
12
2
a
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 (2004) Chapter 5.8.3.2(1)
< 120
20 < f ck < 50MPa
h > 0.15m
Reinforcement calculation:
1.3
32
32
= =
= 0.33
75.06
According to Conception Et Calcul Des Structures De Batiment, by Henry Thonier, page 283
As =
450
1
f yd
f yk
500
= 1.6 0.6 *
500
=1
500
N ed
1
1.08
*
b * h * f cd =
*
0.3 * 0.5 *16.67 = 23.43cm
kh * ks *
434.78 0.93 *1 * 0.33
Result description
Reference value
2
5.85cm2
Result description
Ay
Value
-5.85106 cm
Error
0.0000 %
451
5.24 EC2 Test32: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression and rotation
moment to the top Method based on nominal curvature- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class
XC1)
Test ID: 5102
Test status: Passed
5.24.1 Description
Verifies a square concrete column subjected to compression and rotation moment to the top Method based on
nominal curvature- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
The column made of concrete C25/30. The verification of the axial stresses and rotation moment, applied on top, at
ultimate limit state is performed.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal curvature, and
then calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
5.24.2 Background
Nominal curvature method is applied in this example.
Verifies the adequacy of a square cross section column made from concrete C25/30.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
14.71 kNm (1.5 tm) bending moment applied to the top of the column
Exploitation loadings ( 2
452
= 0.3 ):
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = a = 0.40 m,
Width: b = a = 0.40 m,
Length: L = 6.00 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5 cm
Materials properties
Concrete class C25/30 and steel reinforcement S500B are used. The following characteristics are used in relation to
theses materials:
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f yk
f ck = 25MPa
25
= 16.67 MPa
1 .5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free at the top.
453
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
e0 =
M Ed 0.03016 MNm
=
= 0.10m
N Ed
0.2943MN
l0 = 2 * L = 12m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.2(1); Figure 5.7 b)
Calculating the slenderness of the column:
2 3 * l0 2 3 *12m
= 104
=
0.40m
a
ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
Where:
(,t0 )
M EQP
M Ed
creep coefficient
e1 = e0 + ei
ei =
12m
l0
=
= 0.03m
400 400
e1 = e0 + ei =
M Eqp 0
N Eqp 0
+ ei =
454
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92
f cm
25 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100
=1+
0.1 * 3 h0
1
50
1
2 * Ac
2 * 0.4m * 0.4m
100 = 1.85
=
= 0.2m = 200mm RH = 1 +
h0 =
2 * (0.4m + 0.4m )
u
0.1 * 3 200
ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP1
M Ed 1
= 2.64 *
0.0216 MNm
= 1.49
0.0383MNm
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.1(1)
Where:
n=
N Ed
0.2943MN
=
= 0.11
Ac * f cd 0.40 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0.2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.46 = 0.77
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1.7 rm = 0.70
lim =
455
The eccentricity of the first order ULS moment, due to the applied loadings
e0 =
M Ed 0.03016 MNm
=
= 0.10m
N Ed
0.2943MN
Additional eccentricity:
ei =
l0
12m
=
= 0.03m
400 400
N Ed = 0.2943MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.10m + 0.03m = 0.13m
M Ed = e1 * N Ed = 0.13m * 0.2943MN = 0.0383MNm
According to clause 6.1 (4) from EN 1992-1-1, for sections subjected to combined bending and compression efforts,
the design bending moment value should be at least M = NEd * e0, where
20mm
20mm
20mm
h
e0 = max
= max 400mm = max
= 20mm
13.3mm
30
30
Corrected bending moment is bigger than this value, so clause 6.1 (4) is fulfilled.
Reinforcement calculation in the first order situation
To apply the nominal curvature method a starting section frame is needed. For this it will be used a concrete section
considering only the first order effects.
Advance Design iterates as many time as necessary.
The needed reinforcement will be determined assuming a combined bending with compressive effort. All the results
above were obtained in the center of gravity for the concrete section alone. The stresses must be reduced in the
centroid of the tensioned steel.
456
h
0.40m
h
h
0.40m
0.40m
* (1 0.4 * ) = 0.8 *
* (1 0.4 *
) = 0.496
d
d
0.35m
0.35m
BC = 0.8 *
cu =
M ua
0.0824MNm
=
= 0.101
bw * d * f cd 0.40m * 0.35 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
cu = 0.101
M ua
0.0824MNm
=
= 5.73 * 10 4 m 2 = 5.73cm
zc * f yd 0.331m * 434.78MPa
A = A'
N
0.2943MN
= 5.73 *10 4 m 2
= 1.04cm 2
f yd
434.78MPa
As , min =
2
The proposed reinforcement area will be 4HA10 representing 3.14cm .
1
1
= K r * K *
r
r0
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.8.3 (1)
With:
f yd
434.78MPa
1
Es
=
=
= 200000MPa = 0.0138m 1
r0 0.45 * d 0.45 * d 0.45 * 0.35m
yd
Kr
Kr =
nu n
1
nu nbal
457
n=
N Ed
0.2943MN
=
= 0.110
Ac * f cd 0.40 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
3.14.104 m 2 * 434.78MPa
= 0.0512
0.40 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
nu = 1 + = 1 + 0.0512 = 1.0512
nbal = 0.4
Kr =
1.0512 0.110
= 1.445 1 K r = 1
1.0512 0.40
= 0.35 +
25 104
f ck
= 0.35 +
= 0.218
200 150
200 150
1
1
= K r * K * = 0.0138m 1
r0
r
Calculation moment:
M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2
Where:
M 0 Ed
M2
M 2 = N Ed * e2
1 l2
12 m 2
= 0.248m
e2 = * 0 = 0.0138m 1 *
r c
8
Note: c = 8 according to 5.8.8.2 (4) from EN 1992-1-1; because the moment is constant (no horizontal force at the top
of column).
N Ed = 0.2943MN
M Ed = 0.1113MNm
458
M Ed
0.1113MNm
=
= 0.104
2
b * h * f cd 0.40m * 0.40 m 2 * 16.67 MPa
v=
N Ed
0.2943MN
=
= 0.110
b * h * f cd 0.40m * 0.40m *16.67 MPa
= 0.15 ; =>
As =
* b * h * f cd
f yd
side.
Buckling checking
The verification will be made considering the reinforcement area found previously (9.20cm2)
Curvature evaluation:
The reinforcement has an influence only on the K r parameter:
1
= 0.0138m 1
r0
Kr =
nu n
1
nu nbal
n = 0.110
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
nu = 1 + = 1 + 0.15 = 1.15
nbal = 0.4
459
Kr =
1.15 0.110
= 1.387 1 K r = 1
1.15 0.40
1
1
= K r * K * = 0.0138m 1 It
r
r0
was obtained the same curvature and therefore the same second order
460
Result description
Reference value
2
4.60 cm2
Result description
Az
Value
-4.64 cm
Error
-0.8696 %
461
5.25 EC2 Test36: Verifying a rectangular concrete column using the method based on nominal
curvature- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5125
Test status: Passed
5.25.1 Description
Verifying a rectangular concrete column using the method based on nominal curvature - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class XC1)
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section column made from concrete C30/37.
Method based on nominal curvature
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal curvature, and
then calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
The column is considered connected to the ground by an articulated connection (all the translations are blocked and
all the rotations are permitted) and to the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation
along Z axis is also blocked.
This example is provided by the Calcul des Structures en beton book, by Jean-Marie Paille, edition Eyrolles.
5.25.2 Background
The calculation is based on nominal curvature method.
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal curvature, and
then calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
462
= 0,3
Wind loads:
The wind loads are applied horizontally on the middle of the column to the wider face (against the
positive sense of the Y local axis)
= 1 and 2 = 0
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the column cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.35 m,
Width: b = 0.60 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5 cm
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
The column is considered connected to the ground by a articulated connection (all the translations are blocked and
all the rotations are permitted) and to the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation
along Z axis is also blocked.
Loading
The column is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
Mu
= 0cm
Nu
l
500
463
l0 = l = 5m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.2(1); Figure 5.7 b)
Calculating the slenderness of the column:
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 5
=
= 49.5
a
0.35
ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
Where:
(,t0 )
M EQP
The
creep coefficient
M Ed
M 0 ED
M 0 Eqp = N ed * e1 + 1.5 * HW *
5
L
= 0.99 * 0.02 + 1.5 * 0.25 * = 0.48855MNm
4
4
M 0 Eqp
M 0 Ed
0.0098
= 0.02
0.48855
(,t0 ) is:
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
464
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.73MPa
f cm
30 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.482
0.20
0.1 + 300.20
0.1 + t0
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 h0
h0 =
= 2 = 1 if f cm
35
35MPa if not 1 =
f
cm
and
35
2 =
f cm
0.2
2 * Ac
2 * 0.35m * 0.60m
=
= 0.221m = 221mm
u
2 * (0.35m + 0.60m )
2 =
f cm
RH
0.7
0.2
35
=
38
35
1 =
f cm
therefore
0.7
35
=
38
0.7
= 0.944
and
0.2
= 0.984
50
RH
1
1
100 * * = 1 +
100 * 0.944 * 0.984 = 1.752
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 221
0.1 * 3 h0
ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
1 + ef = 1 + 0.046 = 1.046
The necessity of buckling calculation (second order effect):
The M2 moment is calculated from the curvature formula:
e2 =
M 2 = N Ed * e2
1 l02
*
r c
1
1
= K r * K *
r
r0
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1(2004): Chapter 5.8.8.3(1)
f yd 434.78 2.1739
yd
1
and yd =
=
=
=
r0 (0.45 * d )
Es 200000 1000
465
2.1739
1
1000
=
=
= 0.0161m 1
r0 (0.45 * d ) (0.45 * 0.30)
yd
Kr =
nu n
1
nu nbal
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1(2004): Chapter 5.8.8.3(3)
n=
N Ed
0.99
=
= 0.236
Ac * f cd 0.6 * 0.35 * 20
nu = 1 +
As f yd
Ac f cd
nu = 1 + = 1. + 0.166 = 1.166
nbal = 0,4
Kr =
nu n
1.166 0.236
=
= 1.214
nu nbal
1.166 0.4
Condition: K r
K creep coefficient: K = 1 + * ef 1
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1(2004): Chapter 5.8.8.3(4)
= 0,35 +
=
f ck
200 150
l0 12 5 12
=
= 49.5
h
0.35
= 0.35 +
30 49.5
f ck
= 0.17
= 0.35 +
200 150
200 150
1
1
= K r * K * = 1 * 1.008 * 0.0161 = 0.0162
r
r0
1 l2
5
e2 = * 0 = 0.0162 * = 0.04057 m
r c
10
M 2 = N Ed * e2 = 0.990 * 0.04057 = 0.04017 MNm
M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2 = 0.48855 + 0.04017 = 0.5287 MNm
466
The frames must be sized considering the demands of the second order effects, as follows:
N Ed = 0.990MN
M Ed = 0.5287 MNm
Reinforcement calculation according the second order effects:
The calculation is considering the combined bending and axial solicitation and it is using the following values:
N Ed = 0.990MN
M Ed = 0.5287 MNm
The calculation resulted in 38.02cm2 tensioned reinforcement and a 20cm2 compressed reinforcement, meaning a
total of 58.02cm2 reinforcement area.
Buckling checking:
The calculation is performed considering the reinforcement area found previously (58.02cm2):
Curvature calculation:
The reinforcement area has an influence only over the Kr parameter:
1
= 0.0161m 1
r0
nu n
1
nu nbal
Kr =
n = 0.112
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
nu = 1 + = 1 + 0.60 = 1.60
nbal = 0,4
Kr =
1.60 0.112
= 1.24 1 K r = 1
1.60 0.40
K = 1
K = 1 + . ef 1
1
1
= K r * K * = 0.0161m 1
r
r0
Considering this result, the same curvature is obtained, which means that the second order moment is the same. The
reinforcement section is correctly chosen.
Finite elements modeling
467
Result description
Reference value
Ay
38.02cm2
468
Result description
Ay
Value
-38.01 cm
Error
0.0263 %
5.26 EC2 Test 40: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a small compression force and
significant rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5153
Test status: Passed
5.26.1 Description
Verifies a square cross section column made of concrete C30/37 subjected to a small compression force and
significant rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Nominal rigidity method - The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of
nominal rigidity, and then calculate the frames by considering a symmetrically reinforced section.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
5.26.2 Background
Nominal rigidity method.
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity, and then
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
469
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5cm
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
NEd =1.35*15+150*7=30.75kN=0.03075MN
MEd=1.35*150+1.50*100=352.50kNm=0.352MNm
e0 =
MEd
0.352
=
= 11.45m
0.03075
NEd
l0 = 2 * l = 11.60m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.2(1); Figure 5.7 b)
Calculating the slenderness of the column:
470
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 11.60
=
= 80.37
a
0.50
ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
M Ed
e1 = e0 + ei
ei = 0.03m
The first order moment provided by the quasi-permanent loads:
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.72
30 + 8
f cm
1
1
= 0.488
=
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100
* 1 * 2
= 1+
0.1 * 3 h0
35
1 =
f cm
0.7
35
=
38
0 .7
35
2 =
= 0.944
f cm
and
0.2
35
=
38
0.2
= 0.984
471
h0 =
2 * Ac
2 * 500 * 500
=
= 250mm RH
u
2 * (500 + 500 )
50
100
* 0.984 = 1.72
= 1 +
*
0
.
944
0.1 * 3 250
ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.28 *
0.181
= 1.17
0.352
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.1(1)
Where:
n=
N Ed
0.031
=
= 0.0062
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0,2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.17 = 0.81
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1,7 rm = 0.70
lim =
The eccentricity of the first order ULS moment, due to the stresses applied
e0 =
M Ed
0.3525
=
= 11.46m
N Ed 0.03075
Additional eccentricity:
ei =
472
l0
11.6
=
= 0.03m
400 400
N Ed = 0.03075MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 11.49m
M Ed = e1 * N Ed = 11.49 * 0.03075 = 0.353MNm
M = N Ed * e0
20mm
20mm
20mm
e0 = max h = max 500mm = max
= 20mm
16.7mm
30
30
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 6.1.(4)
Reinforcement calculation in the first order situation:
The theoretical reinforcement will be determined by the following diagram
M Ed
0.353
=
= 0.141
2
b * h * f cd 0.50 * 0.502 * 20
N Ed
0.03075
=
= 0.00615
b * h * f cd 0.5 * 0.5 * 20
Therefore:
= 0.35
The reinforcement area will be:
As =
* 0.502 * 20
= 40.25cm 2
434.78
473
474
Result description
Reference value
2
19.32 cm2
Result description
Az
Value
-19.32 cm
Error
4.0000 %
475
5.27 EC2 Test 42: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a significant rotation moment
and small compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5205
Test status: Passed
5.27.1 Description
Verifies a square cross section column made of concrete C30/37 subjected to a significant rotation moment and small
compression force to the top with Nominal Curvature Method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
The verification of the axial stresses and rotation moment, applied on top, at ultimate limit state is performed.
Nominal curvature method.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity, and then
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
5.27.2 Background
Verifies the adequacy of a square cross section made from concrete C30/37.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the nominal curvature method, and then
calculate the member by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
476
15 kN axial force
7 kN axial force
= 0.3 ):
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Materials properties
The following characteristics are used in relation to concrete class C30/37 and steel reinforcement S500B materials:
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f yk
30
= 20MPa
1.5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
477
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
e0 =
M Ed
0.352 MNm
=
= 11.45m
N Ed 0.03075MN
l0 = 2 * l = 11.60m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.2(1); Figure 5.7 b)
Calculating the slenderness of the column:
2 3 * l0 2 3 *11.60m
=
= 80.37
0.50m
h
ef = (, t0 ).
M Eqp
M Ed
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
M Ed
e1 = e0 + ei
ei = 0.029m
Eccentricity e1 is determined considering the first order moment provided by the quasi-permanent loads:
e1 = e0 + ei =
M Eqp 0
N Eqp 0
+ ei =
M Ed = 0.3525MNm
478
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.72
30 + 8
f cm
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 h0
35
1 =
f cm
0.7
35
=
38
0.7
35
= 0.944 and 2 =
f cm
0.2
35
=
38
0.2
= 0.984
h0 =
2 * 0.5m * 0.5m
2 * Ac
=
= 0.250m = 250mm RH
2 * (0.5m + 0.5m )
u
50
100
* 0.984 = 1.72
*
0
.
944
= 1 +
0.1* 3 250
ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.28 *
0.181MNm
= 1.17
0.352 MNm
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.1(1)
Where:
n=
0.031
N Ed
=
= 0.0062
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0,2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.17 = 0.81
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1.7 rm = 0.70
479
lim =
NEd = 0.03075 MN
The eccentricity of the first order at ULS, due to the applied stresses
e0 =
M Ed 0.3525MNm
=
= 11.46m
N Ed
0.03075MN
Additional eccentricity:
ei =
l0
11.6m
=
= 0.029m
400
400
The corrected forces, which are used for the combined flexural calculations, are the following:
N Ed = 0.03075MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 11.46m + 0.029m 11.49m
M Ed = e1 * N Ed = 11.49m * 0.03075MN = 0.353MNm
According to clause 6.1 (4) from EN 1992-1-1, for sections subjected to combined bending and compression efforts,
the design bending moment value should be at least M = NEd * e0, where
h
500 mm
e0 = max 20 mm;
= max( 20 mm; 16.7 mm ) = 20 mm
= max 20 mm;
30
30
Corrected bending moment is bigger than this value, so clause 6.1 (4) is fulfilled.
480
M Ed
0.353MNm
=
= 0.141
2
b * h * f cd 0.50m * 0.50 2 m 2 * 20 MPa
N Ed
0.03075MN
=
= 0.00615
b * h * f cd 0.5m * 0.5m * 20 MPa
Therefore:
= 0.35
The total reinforcement area will be:
* 0.50 2 m 2 * 20 MPa
434.78MPa
= 40.25cm 2
1
1
= K r * K *
r
r0
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1(2004): Chapter 5.8.8.3(1)
f yd
434.78MPa
Es
1
yd
=
=
= 200000MPa = 0.0107 m 1
r0 (0.45 * d ) (0.45 * d ) 0.45 * 0.45m
481
Kr =
nu n
1
nu nbal
N Ed
0.03075MN
=
= 0.00615
Ac * f cd 0.50 m 2 * 20 MPa
n=
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
nu = 1 + = 1 + 0.350 = 1.350
nbal = 0.4
Kr =
1.350 0.00615
= 1.41
1.350 0.40
Condition: K r
creep coefficient:
K = 1 + * ef 1
therefore
M Ed = M 0 Ed + M 2
Where:
M 0 Ed
M2
M 2 = N Ed * e2
1 l2
11.60
e2 = * 0 = 0.0107 *
= 0.1799m
r c
8
Note: c = 8 according to 5.8.8.2 (4) from EN 1992-1-1; because the moment is constant (no horizontal force at the top
of column).
482
The reinforcement must be sized considering the demands of the second order effects, as follows:
N Ed = 0.03075MN
M Ed = 0.35853MNm
Reinforcement calculation according to the second order effects
The interaction diagram will be used.
The input parameters in the diagram are:
M Ed
0.35853
=
= 0.143
2
b * h * f cd 0.5 * 0.52 * 20
As =
= 0.35
* b * h * f cd
f yd
Meaning a 20.125 cm2 per side (which confirms the initial section)
Finite elements modeling
483
Result description
Reference value
Az
20.125 cm2
484
Result description
Az
Value
-19.32 cm
Error
4.0000 %
5.28 EC2 Test33: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression by nominal rigidity
method- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5109
Test status: Passed
5.28.1 Description
Verifies a square concrete column subjected to compression by nominal rigidity method- Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class XC1).
The column is made of concrete C30/37. The verification of the axial force, applied on top, at ultimate limit state is
performed.
Nominal rigidity method.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity, and then
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection (all the translations and rotations are
blocked) and to the top part, the translations along X and Y axis are also blocked.
This test is based on the example from "Applications of Eurocode 2" (J. & JA Calgaro Cortade).
5.28.2 Background
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity of a
square cross section made from concrete C30/37, and then calculate the frames by considering a section
symmetrically reinforced.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
2 = 0.3
2
2
The reinforcement is set to 4HA20 (2 x 6.28cm = 12.56cm )
485
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.30 m;
Width: b = 0.30 m;
Length: L = 4.74 m;
Concrete cover: c = 5 cm (for the concrete cover of the bottom / top external fiber measured along the local z
axis, Advance Design is having the following notation: ebz = 5 cm; ehz = 5 cm; while for the concrete cover
measured along the local y axis the following notations are used: eby = 5 cm; ehy = 5 cm )
Materials Properties
Used materials:
Concrete C30/37
Steel reinforcement S500B
The following characteristics are used in relation to this / these material(s):
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days: fck = 30 MPa
Value of concrete cylinder compressive strength: fcm = fck + 8(MPa)
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement: fyk = 500 MPa
Design value of concrete compressive strength:
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f yk
30MPa
= 20 MPa
1.5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
Boundary conditions
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and to the top part, the translations along X
and Y axes are also blocked.
486
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
e0 =
Mu
0
=
= 0m
N u 1.7
L
332
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.02m
L0 * 12 3.32 * 12
=
= 38.34
h
0.3
For an isolated column, the slenderness limit check is done using the next formula:
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
n=
N Ed
1.7
=
= 0.944
Ac * f cd 0.30 * 20
A = 0.7 if ef
A=
1
1 + 0.2 * ef
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
if
In this case:
lim =
ef = (, t 0 ).
M 0 EQP
M 0 Ed
(,t0 )
M 0 EQP
M 0 Ed
M 0 Eqp
M 0 Ed
N eqp * e1
N ed *e1
N eqp
N ed
1.26
= 0.74
1.7
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
With:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.73MPa
f cm
30 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100
= 1+
* 1 * 2
0.1 * 3 h0
1 = 2 = 1 if f cm 35MPa
35
1 =
f cm
h0 =
488
0.7
and
35
2 =
f cm
0.2
if
f cm > 35MPa
2 * Ac
2 * 300 * 300
=
= 150mm
u
2 * (300 + 300)
Where:
f cm
RH
50
RH
1
1
100 * * = 1 +
100 * 0.944 * 0.984 = 1.86
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 150
0.1 * 3 h0
= 0.944
and
35
2 =
38
0.2
35
= 38MPa 35MPa 1 =
38
= 0.984
M 0 Eqp
M 0 Ed
1 + ef = 1 + 1.835 = 2.835
Calculation of nominal rigidity:
The nominal rigidity of a post or frame member, it is estimated from the following formula:
EI = K c * Ecd * I c + K s * Es * I s
Where:
E cd
I s : is the second moment of area of reinforcement, about the center of area of the concrete
K c : is a factor for effects of cracking, creep etc.
K s : is a factor for contribution of reinforcement
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.7.2 (1)
Kc =
k1 * k2
1 + e
1 + ef = 2.835
k1 =
k2 =
n=
f ck
=
20
30
= 1.22
20
n*
170
1.7
N Ed
= 0.944
=
Ac * f cd 0.3 * 20
= 38.34
489
k2 =
n * 0.944 * 38.34
=
= 0.213 k2 = 0.20
170
170
k1 * k 2 1.22 0.20
=
= 0.086
1 + e
2.835
Kc =
Ecd =
E cm
CE
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
Ecd =
Ic =
Ecm
Ecm
CE
0.3
30 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 32837 MPa
32837
= 27364MPa
1.2
b * h3 0.3 * 0.33
=
= 0.000675m 4
12
12
Ks = 1
E s = 200GPa
2
A
12.56 *10 4 0.25 0.05
d d'
4
5
I s = 2 * theo *
*
= 2*
= 1.256 *10 m
2 2
2
2
M Ed
1.234
= 0.034 * 1 +
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
= 0.070 MNm
3.67
NB
1
1
1.7
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.0231MNm (moment of first order (ULS) taking into account geometric imperfections)
c0
c0 = 8
for a constant first order moment (no horizontal force at the top of column).
= 1.234
8
NB =
490
and
* EI
Lf
* 4.10
3.32
= 3.67 MN
N Ed = 1.7 MN
and
M Ed = 0.070MNm
2
Therefore, a 2 x 6.64cm reinforcement area is obtained.
491
Result description
Reference value
Az
6.64 cm2
492
Result description
Az
Value
-6.53808 cm
Error
0.0000 %
5.29 EC2 Test 37: Verifying a square concrete column using the simplified method Professional
rules - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5126
Test status: Passed
5.29.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a square concrete column made of concrete C25/30, using the simplified method
Professional rules - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
Simplified Method
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection (all the translations and rotations are
blocked) and to the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along Z axis is also
blocked.
5.29.2 Background
Simplified Method
Verifies the adequacy of a square cross section made from concrete C25/30.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
493
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.40 m,
Width: b = 0.400 m,
Length: L = 4.00 m,
Concrete cover: c=5cm
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection (all the translations and rotations are
blocked) and to the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along Z axis is also
blocked.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
L0
L
L
L
L
L * 12 2.8 * 12
= 0 = 0 = 0 = 0 = 0
=
= 24.25
4
2
a
i
a
0.4
I
a
a
12
A
12
12
2
a
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 (2004) Chapter 5.8.3.2(1)
494
< 120
20 < f ck < 50MPa
h > 0.15m
Reinforcement calculation:
0.86
1+
62
0.86
24.25
1+
62
= 0.746
According to Conception Et Calcul Des Structures De Batiment, by Henry Thonier, page 283
Not knowing the values for and , we can considered k h = 0.93
k s = 1.6 0.6 *
As =
1
f yd
f yk
500
= 1.6 0.6 *
500
=1
500
N ed
1
2.280
*
*
0.4 * 0.4 *16.67 = 14,24cm
b * h * f cd =
495
Result description
Reference value
2
3.57cm2
496
Result description
Ay
Value
-3.56562 cm
Error
-0.1579 %
5.30 EC2 Test 41: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to a significant compression force
and small rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5195
Test status: Passed
5.30.1 Description
Verifies a square cross section concrete column made of concrete C30/37 subjected to a significant compression
force and small rotation moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Nominal rigidity method.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity and then
calculate the frames by considering a symmetrically reinforced section.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
5.30.2 Background
Nominal rigidity method.
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity, and then
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
2 = 0,3
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
Concrete cover 3cm and 5cm
Transversal reinforcement spacing a=40cm
Concrete C30/37
Steel reinforcement S500B
The column is considered isolated and braced
497
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5cm
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
NEd = 1.35*150+1.50*100 = 352.50kN = 0.035MN
MEd = 1.35*15+1.50*7 = 30.75kNm = 0.03075MNm
e0 =
MEd
0.03705
=
= 0.087m
NEd
0.353
l0 = 2 * l = 11.60m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.2(1); Figure 5.7 b)
Calculating the slenderness of the column:
498
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 11.60
=
= 80.37
a
0.50
ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
M Ed
e1 = e0 + ei
ei = 0.03m
The first order moment provided by the quasi-permanent loads:
e1 = e0 + ei =
M Eqp 0
N Eqp 0
+ ei =
15 + 0.30 * 7
+ 0.30 = 0.125m
150 + 0.30 * 100
M Ed 1 = 0.041MNm
The creep coefficient
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
= 2.72
=
30 + 8
f cm
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 h0
35
1 =
f
cm
0 .7
35
=
38
0 .7
35
= 0.944 and 2 =
f
cm
0.2
35
=
38
0.2
= 0.984
50
2 * Ac
2 * 500 * 500
100 * 0.944 * 0.984 = 1.72
h0 =
=
= 250mm RH = 1 +
u
2 * (500 + 500 )
0.1 * 3 250
499
ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.28 *
0.0225
= 1.25
0.041
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.1(1)
Where:
n=
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.071
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0,2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.25 = 0.80
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1,7 rm = 0.70
lim =
The eccentricity of the first order ULS moment, due to the stresses applied
e0 =
M Ed 0.03075
=
= 0.087 m
N Ed
0.353
Additional eccentricity:
ei =
l0
11.6
=
= 0.03m
400 400
N Ed = 0.353MN
500
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.117m
M Ed = e1 * N Ed = 0.117 * 0.353 = 0.041MNm
M = N Ed * e0
20mm
20mm
20mm
e0 = max h = max 500mm = max
= 20mm
16.7mm
30
30
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 6.1.(4)
Reinforcement calculation in the first order situation:
To apply the nominal rigidity method, we need an initial reinforcement area to start from. For this, the concrete
section will be sized considering only the first order effect.
The Advance Design calculation is different: it is iterating as many time as necessary starting from the minimum
percentage area.
The reinforcement will be determined using a compound bending with compressive stress. The determined
solicitations were calculated from the center of gravity of the concrete section alone. Those stresses must be reduced
to the centroid of tensioned steel:
0.50
h
BC = 0,8 *
cu =
h
h
0,50
0,50
) = 0,494
* (1 0,4 * ) = 0,8 *
* (1 0,4 *
0,45
d
d
0,45
0.112
M ua
=
= 0.055
bw * d * f cd 0.50 * 0.45 * 20
cu = 0.055
M ua
0,112
=
= 5,89cm
zc * f yd 0,437 * 434,78
501
A = A
N
0.353
= 5.89 * 10 4
= 2.23cm 2
Fyd
434.78
As , min =
EI = K c * Ecd * I c + K s * Es * I s
Where:
Ecd =
Ecm
1.2
f cm = f ck + 8Mpa = 38Mpa
Ecm
f
= 22000 * cm
10
Ecd =
Ic =
0.3
38
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 32836.57 Mpa
Ecm 32837
=
= 27364 Mpa
1.2
1.2
b * h3 0.50 4
=
= 5,208.10 3 m 4
12
12
inertia of the concrete section only
Es = 200000Mpa
Is
: Inertia
As
5.104
=
= 0.002
Ac 0.50 * 0.50
0.002 =
k1 =
n=
f ck
=
20
30
= 1.22
20
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.071
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
k2 = n *
502
As
< 0.01
Ac
80.37
= 0.071 *
= 0.0336 0.20
170
170
5 * 104 0.50
A h
*
Is = 2 * s * c = 2 *
0.05 = 2.10 5 m 4
2
2 2
Ks = 1
and
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.22 * 0.0336
=
= 0.018
1 + ef
1 + 1.25
Therefore:
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.041MNm
c0
and
c0 = 8
because the moment is constant (no horizontal force at the top of post).
= 1.234
NB = *
EI
6.56
=*
= 0.48MN
2
l0
11.60
M Ed
1.234
= 0.041 * 1 +
= 0.182MNm
0.48
1
0.353
M Ed = 0.182MNm
N Ed = 0.353MN
503
M Ed
0.182
=
= 0.073
2
b * h * f cd 0.50 * 0.502 * 20
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.071
b * h * f cd 0.5 * 0.5 * 20
Therefore:
= 0.11
The reinforcement area will be:
As =
* b * h * f cd 0.11 * 0.502 * 20
=
= 12.65cm 2
f yd
434.78
504
EI = K c * Ecd * I c + K s * Es * I s
Where:
Ecd =
Ecm
1.2
f cm = f ck + 8Mpa = 38Mpa
f
Ecm = 22000 * cm
10
Ecd =
Ic =
0.3
38
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 32836.57 Mpa
Ecm 32837
=
= 27364 Mpa
1.2
1. 2
b * h3 0.504
=
= 5,208.10 3 m 4
12
12
Es = 200000Mpa
Is
: Inertia
As
6.5 * 104
=
= 0.0026
Ac 0.50 * 0.50
0.002 =
k1 =
n=
f ck
=
20
As
< 0.01
Ac
30
= 1.22
20
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.071
Ac * f cd 0.50 * 20
k2 = n *
80.37
= 0.071 *
= 0.0336 0.20
170
170
2
A h
6.5 * 104 0.50
0.05 = 2.6 10 5 m 4
Is = 2 * s * c = 2 *
2 2
2
K s = 1 and
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.22 * 0.0336
=
= 0.018
1 + 1.25
1 + ef
Therefore:
505
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.041MNm
c0
and
c0 = 8
because the moment is constant (no horizontal force at the top of post).
= 1.234
NB = *
7.78
EI
=*
= 0.57 MN
2
11.60
l0
M Ed
1.234
= 0.041 * 1 +
= 0.123MNm
0.57
1
0.353
M Ed = 0.123MNm
N Ed = 0.353MN
506
M Ed
0.123
=
= 0.049
2
b * h * f cd 0.50 * 0.502 * 20
N Ed
0.353
=
= 0.071
b * h * f cd 0.5 * 0.5 * 20
Therefore:
= 0.05
The reinforcement area will be:
As =
* b * h * f cd 0.05 * 0.502 * 20
=
= 5.75cm 2
f yd
434.78
507
Result description
Reference value
2
2.88 cm2
508
Result description
Az
Value
-3.01 cm
Error
-4.6957 %
5.31 EC2 Test31: Verifying a square concrete column subjected to compression and rotation
moment to the top - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5101
Test status: Passed
5.31.1 Description
Nominal rigidity method.
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section column made from concrete C25/30.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity, and then
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced. Verifies the column to resist simple bending.
The verification of the axial stresses and rotation moment, applied on top, at ultimate limit state is performed.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
5.31.2 Background
Nominal rigidity method.
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30.
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the method of nominal rigidity, and then
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
2 = 0,3
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
Characteristic combination of actions: CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q
Concrete cover 5cm
Transversal reinforcement spacing a=30cm
Concrete C25/30
Steel reinforcement S500B
The column is considered isolated and braced
509
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.40 m,
Width: b = 0.40 m,
Length: L = 6.00 m,
Concrete cover: c=5cm
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
NEd =1.35*15+150*6.5=30t=0.300MN
MEd=1.35*1.50+1.5*0.7=3.075t=0.31MNm
e0 =
MEd
0.031
= 0.10m
=
NEd
0.300
l0 = 2 * l = 12m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.2(1); Figure 5.7 b)
Calculating the slenderness of the column:
510
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 12
=
= 104
a
0.40
ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
Where:
(,t0 )
creep coefficient
e1 = e0 + ei
ei = 0.03m
The first order moment provided by the quasi-permanent loads:
e1 = e0 + ei =
M Eqp 0
N Eqp 0
+ ei =
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
RH
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92
f cm
25 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100
=1+
0.1 * 3 h0
1
50
1
2 * Ac
2 * 400 * 400
100 = 1.85
h0 =
=
= 200mm RH = 1 +
u
2 * (400 + 400)
0.1 * 3 200
511
ef = (, t0 ) *
M EQP
M Ed
= 2.64 *
0.022
= 1.49
0.039
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.4(2)
lim =
20 * A * B * C
n
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.1(1)
Where:
n=
N Ed
0.300
=
= 0.112
Ac * f cd 0.40 * 16.67
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0,2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.49 = 0.77
B = 1 + 2 * = 1.1
C = 1,7 rm = 0.70
lim =
The eccentricity of the first order ULS moment, due to the stresses applied
e0 =
M Ed 0.031
=
= 0.10m
0.300
N Ed
Additional eccentricity:
ei =
12
l0
=
= 0.03m
400 400
N Ed = 0.300MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.13m
512
0.40
h
BC = 0,8 *
cu =
h
h
0,40
0,40
* (1 0,4 * ) = 0,8 *
* (1 0,4 *
) = 0,496
d
d
0,35
0,35
M ua
0.084
=
= 0.103
bw * d * f cd 0.40 * 0.35 * 16.67
cu = 0.103
513
N
0.300
= 5.84 * 10 4
= 1.06cm 2
f yd
434.78
A = A'
As , min =
EI = K c * Ecd * I c + K s * Es * I s
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.7.2 (1)
With:
Ecd =
Ecm
1.2
f cm = f ck + 8Mpa = 33Mpa
f
Ecm = 22000 * cm
10
Ecd =
Ic =
0.3
33
= 22000 *
10
b * h 3 0.40 4
=
= 2,133.10 3 m4
12
12
I s : Inertia
As
3,14.104
=
= 0.002
Ac 0.40 0.40
0.002 =
k1 =
n=
514
= 31476 Mpa
Ecm 31476
=
= 26230 Mpa
1.2
1.2
Es = 200000Mpa
0 .3
f ck
=
20
As
< 0.01
Ac
25
= 1.12Mpa
20
0.300
N Ed
=
= 0.112
Ac * f cd 0.40 *16.67
k2 = n *
104
= 0.112 *
= 0.069 0.20
170
170
Is = 2 *
As
2
K s = 1 and
h
*
* c = 2*
0.05 = 7,06 * 10 6 m4
2
2
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.12 * 0.069
=
= 0.031
1 + ef
1 + 1.49
Therefore:
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.039MNm
(time of first order (ULS) taking into account the geometric imperfections, relative to the
c0
with
c0 = 8
because the moment is constant (no horizontal force at the top of post).
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.7.3 (2)
= 1.234
NB = *
EI
3.15
=*
= 0.216 MN
2
l0
12
M Ed
1.234
= 0.133MNm
= 0.039 * 1 +
0.216
1
0.300
There is a second order moment that is negative because it was critical that the normal force, NB, is less than the
applied normal force => instability.
A section corresponding to a ratio of 5 will be considered and the corresponding equivalent stiffness is
recalculated.
EI = K c * Ecd * I c + K s * Es * I s
515
With:
: Inertia
0.002 =
= 0,005 As = 8,04cm
As
< 0.01
Ac
2
As h
8,04 * 104 0.40
0.05 = 1,81 * 10 5 m 4
Is = 2 * * c = 2 *
*
2 2
2
K s = 1 and
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.12 * 0.069
=
= 0.031
1 + ef
1 + 1.49
Therefore:
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
= 1.234
NB = *
M Ed
EI
5.35
=*
= 0.367 MN
2
l0
12
1.234
= 0.254MNm
= 0.039 * 1 +
0.367
1
0.300
516
0.254
M Ed
=
= 0.238
2
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 *16.67
v=
N Ed
0.300
=
= 0.112
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 * 16.67
* b * h * f cd
f yd
Therefore set up a section 14.87cm per side must be set, or 3HA32 per side (by excess)
Buckling checking
The column in place will be verified without buckling. The new reinforcement area must be considered for the
2
previous calculations: 6HA32 provides As=48.25cm
The normal rigidity evaluation:
It is estimated nominal rigidity of a post or frame member from the following formula:
EI = K c .E cd . I c + K s .E s . I s
With:
Is
: Inertia
As 48,25 * 104
=
= 0.03
Ac 0.40 * 0.40
517
*
Is = 2 * s * c = 2 *
0.05 = 1,086.10 4 m 4
2
2 2
k1 = 1.12
k2 = 0.069
K s = 1 and
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.12 * 0.069
=
= 0.031
1 + ef
1 + 1.49
=
If:
Kc =
As
0.01
Ac
0,3
1 + 0,5 * ef
Then:
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.039MNm
N Ed = 0.300MN
= 1.234
NB = *
23.45
EI
=*
= 1.607 MN
2
12
l0
M Ed
1.234
= 0.039 * 1 +
= 0.05MNm
1.607
1
0.300
Reinforcement calculation:
M Ed = 0.05MNm => =
N Ed = 0.300MN => v =
518
M Ed
0.05
=
= 0.047
2
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 * 16.67
N Ed
0.300
=
= 0.112
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 * 16.67
The minimum reinforcement percentage conditions are not satisfied therefore there will be one more iteration.
Additional iteration:
The additional iteration will be made for a section corresponding to 1%; As=0.009*0.40=14.4cm2, which is 7.2cm2 per
side. A 3HA16 reinforcement will be chosen by either side (6HA16 for the entire column), which will give
As=12.03cm2.
Nominal rigidity evaluation:
EI = K c .E cd . I c + K s .E s . I s .
Is
: Inertia
As 12,06 *10 4
= 0.00754
=
Ac 0.40 * 0.40
0.002 =
if
Is = 2 *
As
2
K s = 1 and
As
< 0.01
Ac
2
0.05 = 2,71.10 5 m 4
* c = 2*
*
2
2
Kc =
k1 * k2 1.12 * 0.069
= 0.031
=
1 + 1.49
1 + ef
Therefore:
519
M Ed
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
1
N Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.039MNm
N Ed = 0.300MN
= 1.234
NB = *
M Ed
7.15
EI
=*
= 0.49 MN
2
12
l0
1.234
= 0.039 * 1 +
= 0.115MNm
0.49
1
0.300
Reinforcement calculation:
Frames are calculated again from the interaction diagram:
M Ed
0.115
=
= 0.108
2
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 *16.67
v=
N Ed
0.300
=
= 0.112
b * h * f cd 0.40 * 0.40 * 16.67
* b * h * f cd
f yd
Therefore set up a section 5.52cm per side must be set; this will be the final column reinforcement
Finite elements modeling
520
521
Result description
Reference value
2
5.58 cm2
522
Result description
Az
Value
-5.58 cm
Error
0.0000 %
5.32 EC2 Test35: Verifying a rectangular concrete column subjected to compression to top Based
on nominal rigidity method - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5123
Test status: Passed
5.32.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular concrete column made of concrete C30/37 subjected to compression to top
Based on nominal rigidity method- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
Based on nominal rigidity method
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the nominal rigidity method, and then
calculate the frames by considering a section symmetrically reinforced.
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
5.32.2 Background
The purpose of this test is to determine the second order effects by applying the nominal stiffness method on a
rectangular cross section made of concrete C30/37, and then calculate the frames by considering a section
symmetrically reinforced.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
2 = 0,3
523
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.45 m,
Width: b = 0.70 m,
Length: L = 4.50 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5 cm (for the concrete cover of the bottom / top external fiber measured along the local z
axis, Advance Design is having the following notation: ebz = 5 cm; ehz = 5 cm; while for the concrete cover
measured along the local y axis the following notations are used: eby = 5 cm; ehy = 5 cm )
Materials Properties
Used materials:
Concrete C30/37
Steel reinforcement S500B
The following characteristics are used in relation to this / these material(s):
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days: fck = 30 MPa
Value of concrete cylinder compressive strength: fcm = fck + 8(MPa) = 38MPa
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement: fyk = 500 MPa
Design value of concrete compressive strength:
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f yk
30MPa
= 20 MPa
1.5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
Boundary conditions
The column is considered connected to the ground by a fixed connection and free to the top part.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
524
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
The characteristic combination of actions is: CCQ = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q
Initial eccentricity:
e0 =
Mu
0.225
=
= 0.166m
N u 1.3575
l0 = 2 * l = 2 * 4.50 = 9m
According to Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 -2004; Chapter 5.8.3.2(1); Figure 5.7 b)
Calculating the slenderness of the column:
2 3 * l0 2 3 * 9
=
= 69.28
0.45
a
ef = (, t0 ).
M EQP
M Ed
(,t0 )
M 0 EQP
M 0 Ed
M 0 Eqp
M 0 Ed
0.118
= 0.524
0.225
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
525
With:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.73MPa
f cm
30 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
2
1
0.1 * 3 h0
RH
1 = 2 = 1 if f cm 35MPa
35
1 =
f
cm
h0 =
0.7
and
35
2 =
f
cm
0.2
if
f cm > 35MPa
2 * Ac
2 * 450 * 700
=
= 274mm
u
2 * (450 + 700)
Where:
0.2
f cm
35
= 38MPa 35MPa 1 =
38
RH
RH
50
1
1
100
100
= 1+
* 1 * 2 = 1 +
* 0.944 * 0.984 = 1.70
0.1 * 3 h0
0.1 * 3 274
= 0.944
and
35
2 =
38
= 0.984
ef = (, t 0 ) *
5.8.4(2)
M EQP
M Ed
1 + ef = 1 + 1.18 = 2.18
The necessity of buckling calculation (second order effect):
For an isolated column, the slenderness limit check is done using the next formula:
lim =
526
20 * A * B * C
n
Where:
n=
N Ed
1.3575
=
= 0.215
Ac * f cd 0.45 * 0.70 * 20
A=
1
1
=
(1 + 0.2 * ef ) 1 + 0.2 *1.18 = 0.81
C = 0.70
if
In this case C
lim =
As * f yd
Ac * f cd
= 0.70 , because the ratio between the first order moments is not known.
= 26.90
e0 =
0.225
= 0.166m
1.3575
Additional eccentricity:
ei =
l0
9
=
= 0.0225m
400 400
N Ed = 1.3575MN
e1 = e0 + ei = 0.166m + 0.0225m = 0.1885m = 18.85cm
527
h
0.45
BC = 0.8 *
cu =
h
h
0.45
0.45
* (1 0.4 * ) = 0.8 *
* (1 0.4 *
) = 0.495
d
d
0.40
0.40
M ua
0.494
=
= 0.220
bw * d * f cd 0.70 * 0.40 * 20
cu = 0.220
M ua
0.494
=
= 32.46cm
z c * f yd 0.350 * 434.78
A = A'
1.3575
N
= 32.46 * 10 4
= 1.24cm 2
434.78
f yd
As ,min =
EI = K c * Ecd * I c + K s * Es * I s
528
Where:
E cd
I s : is the second moment of area of reinforcement, about the center of area of the concrete
K c : is a factor for effects of cracking, creep etc.
K s : is a factor for contribution of reinforcement
With:
Ecd =
Ecm
1.2
f cm = f ck + 8MPa = 38MPa
Ecm
f
= 22000 * cm
10
Ecd =
Ic =
0.3
38
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 32837 MPa
Ecm 32837
= 27364MPa
=
1.2
1.2
b * h 3 0.70 * 0.45 3
=
= 5.316 * 10 3 m 4
12
12
Es = 200000MPa
As 6.28 * 10 4
=
= 0.002
=
Ac 0.70 * 0.45
0.002 =
k1 =
n=
f ck
=
20
As
< 0.01
Ac
30
= 1.22 MPa
20
N Ed
1.3575
=
= 0.215
Ac . f cd 0.45 * 0.70 * 20
k2 = n *
69.28
= 0.215 *
= 0.088 0.20
170
170
2
As h
6.28.10 4 0.45
*
Is = 2* * c = 2*
0.05 = 1.92.10 5 m 4
2
2 2
2
K s = 1 and K c =
k1 * k2 1.22 * 0.088
= 0.049
=
1 + 1.18
1 + ef
Therefore:
529
Stresses correction:
The total moment, including second order effects, is defined as a value plus the time of the first order:
= M 0 Ed * 1 +
NB
N Ed
M Ed
M 0 Ed = 0.256MNm
c0
and
c0 = 8
= 1.234
8
NB = *
EI
10.82
=*
= 1.32MN
2
l0
9
M Ed 2
1.234
= 0.256 * 1 +
= 11.18MNm
1.32
1
1.3575
530
9.05 * 10 4
= 0.0029
0.70 * 0.45
Therefore:
N Ed 2 = 1.3575MN
M Ed 2 = 2.48MNm
Given the mentioned reports, there must be another reiteration.
The reinforcement section must be increased to 8HA20 or As = 25.13 cm2 and
= 0.008 .
Therefore:
N Ed 2 = 1.3575MN
M Ed 2 = 0.563MNm
Using the Concrete Tools EC2, combined bending analytical calculation, a 28.80 cm2 value is found.
be another iteration.
There must
531
= 0.0095 :
Therefore:
N Ed 2 = 1.3575MN
M Ed 2 = 0.499MNm
2
Using the Concrete Tools EC2, combined bending analytical calculation, a 22.22 cm value is found
reinforcement of the column is correct.
532
the
Result description
Reference value
2
15 cm2
Result description
Az
Value
-15.995 cm
Error
0.0000 %
533
5.33 EC2 Test 39: Verifying a circular concrete column using the simplified method Professional
rules - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5146
Test status: Passed
5.33.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a concrete (C25/30) column with circular cross section using the simplified method
Professional rules - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
Simplified Method
The column is considered connected to the ground by an articulated connection (all the translations are blocked). To
the top part the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along the Z axis is also blocked.
5.33.2 Background
Determines the longitudinal reinforcement of a circular cross section made from concrete C25/30, using the simplified
method (with professional recommendations).
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
534
Height: H = 5.00 m,
Radius: r = 0.40 m,
Concrete cover: c = 5 cm (for the concrete cover of the bottom / top external fiber measured along the local z
axis, Advance Design is having the following notation: ebz = 5 cm; ehz = 5 cm; while for the concrete cover
measured along the local y axis the following notations are used: eby = 5 cm; ehy = 5 cm )
Materials properties
Concrete class C25/30 and steel reinforcement S500B are used. The following characteristics are used in relation to
these materials:
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f ck = 25MPa
25
= 16.67 MPa
1.5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
f yk
Boundary conditions
The column is considered connected to the ground by a hinged connection (all the translations are blocked) while at
the top part, the translations along X and Y axis are blocked and the rotation along Z axis is also blocked.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
i=
I
A
Where:
*r4
I=
4
I=
* (0.4m) 4
= 0.02011m 4
4
535
Therefore:
*r4
2
I
4 = r = r = 0.40m = 0.20m
=
4
2
2
A
*r2
i=
L0 L0 2 * L0 2 * 5.00m
= 25
=
=
=
r
0.40m
r
i
2
The method of professional rules can be applied If the following conditions are met:
< 120
20 < f ck < 50MPa
h > 0.15m
Reinforcement calculation:
= 25 60 , therefore:
=
0.84
1+
52
0.84
25
1+
52
= 0.68
k h = (0.70 + 0.5 * D) * (1 8 * * )
section
Therefore:
k h = 1.00
k s = 1.6 0.65 *
f yd =
f yk
1.15
f yk
500
500
= 434.78MPa
1.15
Therefore:
k s = 1.00
As =
N ed
1
1
6.750
* r 2 * f cd =
* 0.4 2 *16.67 = 35.58cm
*
*
f yd k h * k s *
536
Result description
Reference value
2
17.79 cm2
Result description
Az
Value
-17.4283 cm
Error
0.0000 %
537
5.34 EC2 Test 46 II: Verifying a square concrete beam subjected to a normal force of traction Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class X0)
Test ID: 5231
Test status: Passed
5.34.1 Description
Verifies a square cross section beam made of concrete C20/25 subjected to a normal force of traction - Bilinear
stress-strain diagram (Class X0).
Tie sizing
Bilinear stress-strain diagram
Determines the armature of a pulling reinforced concrete, subjected to a normal force of traction.
The load combinations will produce the following rotation efforts:
NEd=1.35*233.3+1.5+56.67=400kNm
The boundary conditions are described below:
- Support at start point (x=0) fixed connection
- Support at end point (x = 5.00) translation along the Z axis is blocked
5.34.2 Background
Determines the reinforcement of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30, subjected to a normal force
of traction, analyzed with both bilinear stress-strain and inclined stress-strain laws.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
538
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.15 m,
Width: b = 0.15 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.00225 m ,
Concrete cover: c = 3 cm (for the concrete cover of the bottom / top external fiber measured along the local z
axis, Advance Design is having the following notation: ebz = 3 cm; ehz = 3 cm; while for the concrete cover
measured along the local y axis the following notations are used: eby = 3 cm; ehy = 3 cm )
Materials Properties
C20/25
Reinforcement S400, Class: B
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days: fck = 20 MPa
Value of concrete cylinder compressive strength: fcm = fck + 8(MPa) = 28MPa
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement: fyk = 400 MPa
2
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f yk
20 MPa
= 13.33MPa
1.5
400 MPa
= 347.82 MPa
1.15
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
NEd = 1.35 * 233.3 kN + 1.5 * 56.67 kN = 400 kN = 0.400 MN
N Ed
0.400
= 11.50 * 10 4 m = 11.50cm
400
s ,U
1.15
A 4HA20 will be used A = 12.57cm2
As ,U
539
S 400 B s ,U = 373MPa
As ,U
N Ed
s ,U
0.400
= 10.72 * 10 4 m = 10.72cm
373
As Ac *
f ctm
f yk
f ctm
2.21
= 0.0225 *
= 1.24cm
f yk
400
In case of using the inclined stress-strain diagram, the reinforcement will result: (Az = 10.74 cm2 = 2*5.36 cm2)
540
Result description
Reference value
Az,1
5.75 cm2
Az,2
5.36 cm2
Result description
Az-i
Value
-5.75001 cm
Error
0.0000 %
541
5.35 EC2: Verifying the transverse reinforcement area for a beam subjected to linear loads
Test ID: 4555
Test status: Passed
5.35.1 Description
Verifies the transverse reinforcement area for a beam subjected to linear loads. The verification is made according to
EC2 norm with French Annex.
542
5.36 EC2 Test 2: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load,
without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4970
Test status: Passed
5.36.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
5.36.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate Limit State
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses will be made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
Characteristic combination of actions: CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q
Quasi-permanent combination of actions: CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q
Units
Metric System
543
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.60 m,
Width: b = 0.25 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.15 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4.5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.519m; d=ebz=0.045m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
fck 25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
2/3
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
fctm = 0.30 * fck
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
f +8
E cm = 22000 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 31476MPa
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.80) restrained in translation along Y, Z and restrained in rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Permanent loads:
G=0.25*0.6*2.5=3.75kN/ml
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*(15+3.75)+1.5*20=55.31kN/ml
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=15+3.75+20=38.75kN/ml
Quasi-permanent combination of actions:
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=15+3.75+0.3*20=24.75kN/ml
544
Load calculations:
M Ed =
55,31 * 5,80
= 232,59kN .m
8
M Ecq =
38,75 * 5,80
= 162,94kN .m
8
M Eqp =
24,75 * 5,80
= 104,07kN .m
8
(, t 0 ) =
RH
* ( fcm ) * ( t 0 )
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.2
( fcm ) =
16.8
fcm
16.8
25 + 8
= 2.925
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.4
( t 0 ) =
0.1 + t 00.20
1
0.1 + 28 0.20
RH
RH
100
* 1 * 2
= 1 +
0. 1 * 3 h
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.3a
1 = 2 = 1 if
fCM = 35MPa
35
If not: 1 =
fcm
0.7
35
and 2 =
fcm
0.2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.8c
In this case: fcm = fck + 8Mpa = 33Mpa 1 = 2 = 1
2 * Ac
2 * 250 * 600
=
h0 =
= 176.47mm
u
2 * ( 250 + 600)
50
100
= 1+
= 1.89
0.1 * 3 176.47
1
RH
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.6
(, t 0 ) =
RH
e =
Es
E cm
1 + (, t 0 ) *
MEqp
MEcar
545
Defined earlier:
MEcar =
38,75 * 5,80
= 162,94kN.m
8
MEqp =
24,75 * 5,80
= 104,07kN.m
8
This gives:
e =
200000
= 17.32
31476
104.07
1 + 2.70 *
162.94
5.36.2.3 Reference results in calculating the concrete beam reduced moment limit
Due to exposure class XD1, we will verify the section having non-compressed steel reinforcement, determining the
reduced moment limit, using the formula defined by Jeans Roux in his book Practice of EC2:
This value can be determined by the next formula if
luc = K( e ) *
fck
( 4.69 1.70 * ) * fck + (159.90 76.20 * )
K ( e ) = 10 4 * a + b * e + c * e 2
The values of the coefficients "a", "b" and "c" are defined in the following table:
Diagram for inclined tier
75,3 * f ck 189,8
71,2 * f ck + 108
5,6 * f ck + 874,5
5,2 * f ck + 847,4
0,04 * f ck 13
0,03 * f ck 12,5
Then:
546
232,58
= 1,43
162,94
luc = K ( e ).
f ck
= 0.2504
( 4.69 1.70 * ) * f ck + (159.90 76.20 * )
cu =
M Ed
0,233
=
= 0,207
bw * d * f cd 0,25 * 0,519 * 16,67
1 =
e * c
e * c + s
17.32 * 15
= 0,394
17.32 * 15 + 400
found by determining the critical moment limit depending on the coefficient of equivalence and .
Then we calculate the reinforcement resulted from the SLS efforts (assuming the maximum constrain is reached on
steel and concrete):
1 = 0,394
0.394
zc = d * 1 1 = 0.519 * 1
= 0.451m
3
3
M Ecq
0.163
Reinforcement section : As1, ser =
=
= 9.03cm
zc * s 0.451 * 400
Lever arm :
This shows that the tensile reinforcement obtained in SLS are not dimensioning compared to SLU.
Reference solution for minimal reinforcement area
The minimum percentage for a rectangular beam in pure bending is:
fct,eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
A s,min = Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
547
Therefore:
2.56
548
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
232.59 kNm
My,SLS
162.94 kNm
Az
11.68 cm2
Amin
1.73 cm2
Result description
My USL
Value
-232.578 kN*m
Error
0.0052 %
My
My SLS
-162.936 kN*m
0.0025 %
Az
Az
-11.6779 cm
0.0180 %
Amin
Amin
-1.73058 cm
-0.0335 %
549
5.37 EC2 Test 9: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam with compressed reinforcement Inclined
stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4982
Test status: Passed
5.37.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
For these tests, the constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram is applied.
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to
the defined loads. The test confirms the presence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
5.37.2 Background
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses, the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the verification of the minimum
reinforcement percentage are performed.
For these tests, the constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram is applied.
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to
the defined loads. The test confirms the presence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Linear loadings :
Loadings from the structure: G = 55 kN/m+ dead load,
Live loads:
Point loads:
Loadings from the structure: G = 35kN;
Live loads:
Q=60kN/m
Q=25kN
2 = 0,8
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
550
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.80 m,
Width: b = 0.40 m,
Length: L = 6.30 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.32 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4.50 cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.707 m; d=ebz=0.045m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
fcd =
fck 25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Ecm
f +8
= 22000 ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22000
10
0.3
= 31476 MPa
Steel S500 :
551
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 6.3) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Dead load:
G=0.4*0.8*2.5=8.00 kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ed =
M Ecq =
M Eqp =
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.2
( f cm ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.925
f cm
25 + 8
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.4
552
at t0 = 28 days
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.5
The value of the RH coefficient depends of the concrete quality:
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1 * 3 h 0
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.3a
1 = 2 = 1
if
f CM 35MPa
35
If not: 1 =
f
cm
0.7
and
35
2 =
f
cm
0.2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.8c
In this case,
f cm = f ck + 8Mpa = 33Mpa
1 = 2 = 1
h0 =
2 * Ac
2 * 400 * 800
=
= 266.67 mm RH
2 * (400 + 800)
u
50
100
= 1.78
= 1 +
0.1* 3 266.67
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.6
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 20.94
31476
637
1 + 2..54 *
705
5.37.2.3 Reference results in calculating the concrete beam reduced moment limit
Due to exposure class XD3, we will verify the section having non-compressed steel reinforcement, determining the
reduced moment limit, using the formula defined by Jeans Roux in his book Practice of EC2:
This value can be determined by the next formula if
luc = K ( e ) *
f ck
(4.62 1.66 * ) * f ck + (165.69 79.62 * )
K ( e ) = 104 * a + b * e + c * e
553
Where:
c = 0,04 * 25 13 = 12
K ( e ) = 10 4 * (1692.7 + 734.5 * 20.94 12 * 20.94 ) = 1.181
Then:
1002
= 1,422
705
luc = K ( e ) *
f ck
= 0.271
(4.62 1.66 * ) * f ck + (165.69 79.62 * )
cu =
M Ed
1.002
=
= 0.301
bw * d * f cd 0.40 * 0.707 * 16.67
The value:
su =
1 u
* cu 2 =
1 0.404
* 3.5 = 5.17
0.404
M Ed 1
0.902 *10 6 Nm
A1 =
=
= 34.76cm
z lu . f yd 0.593m * 437.63MPa
554
3,5
3. 5
(0.404 * 0.707 0.045) = 2.957
( lu * d d' ) =
1000 * lu * d
1000 * 0.404 * 0.707
As 2 =
M Ed M Ed 1
1.002 0.902
=
= 3.47cm
(d d ' ) sc
(0.707 0.045) * 435.52
A2 = As 2 .
sc
f yd
= 3.47 *
435.52
= 3.48cm
437.64
The stress on the concrete will be limited at 0.6*fck=15Mpa and the stress on steel at 0.8*fyk, or 400MPa
Calculation of the resistance moment MRd for detecting the presence of the compressed reinforcement:
x1 =
e * c
20.94 * 15
*d =
* 0.707 = 0.311m
20.94 * 15 + 400
e * c + s
1
1
Fc = * bw * x1 * c = * 0.40 * 0.311 15 = 0.933 *10 6 N
2
2
zc = d
x1
0.311
= 0.707
= 0.603m
3
3
555
M 1 = M rb = 0.563 * 10 6 Nm
1 =
x1 0.311
= 0.440
=
d 0.707
zc = d
A1 =
x1
0.311
= 0.707
= 0.603m
3
3
M1
0.563
=
= 23.34cm
z c s 0.603 400
sc = e * c *
1 * d d '
1 * d
sc = 20.94 * 15 *
A' =
M2
0.142
=
= 7.98cm
(d d ' ) * sc (0.707 0.045) * 268.66
As = A' *
sc
268.66
= 7.98 *
= 5.36cm
400
s
Section area:
Tensioned reinforcement: 23.34+5.36=28.7 cm2
Compressed reinforcement: 7.98 cm2
Considering an envelope calculation of ULS and SLS, it will be obtained:
Tensioned reinforcement ULS: A=38.24cm2
Compressed reinforcement SLS: A=7.98cm2
To optimize the reinforcement area, it is preferable a third iteration by recalculating with SLS as a baseline amount of
2
tensioned reinforcement (after ULS: Au=38.24cm )
Reference reinforcement third calculation at SLS:
For this third iteration, the calculation will begin considering the section of the tensile reinforcement found when
calculating for ULS: Au=38.24cm2
From this value, it will be calculated the stress obtained in the tensioned reinforcement:
s =
556
AELS
28.70
* s =
* 400 = 300.21MPa
38.24
AELU
Calculating the moment resistance Mrb for detecting the presence of compressed steel reinforcement:
x1 =
e * c
20.94 *15
*d =
* 0.707 = 0.361m
20.94 *15 + 300.21
e * c + s
1
1
Fc = * bw * x1 * c = * 0.40 * 0.36115 = 1.083 *10 6 N
2
2
zc = d
x1
0.361
= 0.707
= 0.587 m
3
3
M 1 = M rb = 0.636 *10 6 Nm
1 =
x1 0.361
=
= 0.511
d 0.707
zc = d
A1 =
x1
0.361
= 0.587 m
= 0.707
3
3
M1
0.36
=
= 36.09cm
z c * s 0.578 * 400
sc = e * c *
1 * d d '
0.511 * 0.707 0.045
= 20.94 * 15 *
= 275MPa
0.511 * 0.707
1 * d
A' =
M2
0.069
=
= 3.79cm
(d d ' ) * sc (0.707 0.045)* 275
As = A' *
sc
275
= 3.47cm
= 3.79 *
300.21
s
Section area:
Tensioned reinforcement: 36.09+3.47=39.56 cm2
Compressed reinforcement: 3.79 cm2
557
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
As , min
Therefore:
As ,min
2.56
558
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
1001 kNm
My,SLS,cq
705 kNm
My,SLS,qp
637 cm2
Az (Class A)
39.56 cm2
3.77 cm2
Amin
Result description
My USL
Value
-1001.92 kN*m
Error
0.0080 %
My
My SLS cq
-704.714 kN*m
0.0406 %
My
My SLS qp
-637.304 kN*m
-0.0477 %
Az
Az
-39.5884 cm
-0.0718 %
Amin
Amin
3.77193 cm
0.0512 %
559
5.38 EC2 Test 7: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stressstrain diagram
Test ID: 4980
Test status: Passed
5.38.1 Description
The purpose of this test is to verify the My resulted stresses for the USL load combination and the results of the
theoretical reinforcement area Az.
This test performs verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the defined
loads. The test confirms the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
5.38.2 Background
Verifies the theoretical reinforcement area for a T concrete beam subjected to the defined loads. The test confirms
the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Loadings from the structure: G = 0 kN/m (the dead load is not taken into account)
Exploitation loadings (category A): Q = 18.2kN/m,
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
Characteristic combination of actions: CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q
560
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Beam length: 8m
Concrete cover: c=3.50 cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.482 m; d=ebz=0.035m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S400B reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
Concrete C25/30:
f cd =
f ck
25
= 10.67 MPa
1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
f ctm = 0.30 * f
2/3
ck
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Steel S400B :
f yd =
f yk
400
= 347.83MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 8) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
561
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*0+1.5*18.2=27.3kN/ml
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=0+18.2=18.2kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ed =
27.3 * 8
= 218.40kNm
8
M Ecq =
18.20 * 8
= 145.60kNm
8
hf
M btu = beff * h f * d
2
0.12
cu =
M Ed 1
0.218
=
= 0.051
bw * d * Fcd 1.10 * 0.482 *16.67
M Ed
0.218
=
= 13.38cm
zc * f yd 0.469 * 347.83
562
Result description
Reference value
Az (Class B)
13.38 cm2
Result description
Theoretical reinforcement area
Value
-13.3793 cm
Error
0.0052 %
563
5.39 EC2 Test 10: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement - Inclined
stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4984
Test status: Passed
5.39.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate Limit State - The purpose of this test is to verify the My resulted stresses for the
ULS load combination, the results of the theoretical reinforcement area, "Az" and the minimum reinforcement
percentage, "Amin".
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the
defined loads. The test confirms the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
5.39.2 Background
Verifies the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the defined loads. The test confirms
the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
2 = 0,3
Units
Metric System
564
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Beam length: 6m
Concrete cover: c=4.00 cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.900 m; d=ebz=0.04m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C30/37 and S500B reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
f cd =
f ck
30
=
= 20 MPa
c
1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
2/3
= 0.30 * 30 2 / 3 = 2.90 MPa
fctm = 0.30 * fck
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Steel S400B :
f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434.78 MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 7) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*500+1.5*300=1125 kN/m
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=500+300=800 kN/m
Quasi-permanent combination of actions
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=500+0.3*300=590 kN/m
565
Load calculations:
MEd =
1125 * 6
= 5062.5 kNm
8
MEcq =
800 * 6
= 3600 kNm
8
MEqp =
590 * 6
= 2655 kNm
8
Mbtu = b eff * h f * d f
2
0,20
h
0.20
MEd1
1.863
=
= 0.287
b w * d * Fcd 0.40 * 0.9 * 20
u = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * cu ) = 1.25 * 1
(1 2 * 0.287) ] = 0.435
1 u
1 0.435
* cu2 =
* 3.50 = 4.55
u
0.435
566
MEd2
hf
d 2 * Fyd
3.200
= 91.74 cm
0.20
0.9
* 436.02
2
Theoretical section 1:
The theoretical section 1 corresponds to a calculation for a rectangular shape beam section
MEd1
1.863
=
= 0.287 < lu = 0.372
b w * d * Fcd 0.40 * 0.9 * 20
For a S500B reinforcement and for a XC2 exposure class, there will be a:
be no compressed reinforcement.
u = 1.25 * 1 (1 2 * cu ) = 1.25 * 1
(1 2 * 0.287) ] = 0.435
MEd1
1.863
=
= 57.46cm
z c1 * f yd 0.743 * 436.02
Theoretical section 1:
In conclusion the entire reinforcement steel area is A=A1+A2=91.74+57.46=149.20cm2
Reference solution for minimal reinforcement area
The minimum percentage for a rectangular beam in pure bending is:
A s,min
fct,eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
Therefore:
2.90
567
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
5062.5 kNm
Az (Class B)
149.20 cm2
Amin
5.42 cm2
Result description
My USL
Value
-5062.5 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Az
Az
-149.031 cm
0.0329 %
Amin
Amin
-5.42219 cm
-0.0404 %
568
5.40 EC2 Test 13: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load,
without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)
Test ID: 4986
Test status: Passed
5.40.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit - Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from
concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending.
During this test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement
and the verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
The verification of the bending stresses at service limit state is performed.
5.40.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses will be made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
569
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.60 m,
Width: b = 0.25 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.150 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4.5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.519m; d=ebz=0.045m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.80) restrained in translation along Y, Z and restrained in rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q = 25 + 30 = 55 kN/ml
Quasi-permanent combination of actions:
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q = 25 + 0.3*30 = 34 kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ecq =
M Eqp =
5.40.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92MPa
f cm
25 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
1 =
f
cm
If not
0.7
35
2 =
f
cm
and
0.2
In this case,
therefore:
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH = 50 %
h0 =
RH
2 Ac
2 * 250 * 600
=
= 176mm
u
2 * (250 + 600)
50
100 = 1.89 (, t ) = * ( f ) * (t ) = 1.89 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.70
=1+
0
0
cm
RH
0.1 * 3 176
1
Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
f +8
Ecm = 22 * ck
10
0 .3
25 + 8
= 22 *
10
0 .3
= 31476 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
143
= 1 + 2.69 *
= 2.67
231
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 16.97
31476
143
1 + 2.69 *
231
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is:
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
571
1 =
e * c
16.97 *15
=
= 0.389
e * c + s 16.97 *18 + 400
M rb =
1
x
0.202
Where:
Utile height : d = h (0.06h + ebz) = 0.519m
The moment resistance Mrb = 171KNm
Because
incorrect.
The calculation of the tension reinforcement theoretical section A1
zc = d
A1 =
x1
0.202
= 0.519
= 0.452m
3
3
0.171
M rb
=
= 9.46cm
zc * s 0.452 * 400
'=
d ' 0.045
= 0.087
=
d 0.519
sc = e * c *
0.389 0.087
1 '
= 16.97 * 15 *
= 197.75MPa
0.389
1
A' =
M ser M rb
0.231 0.171
=
= 6.44cm
(d d ' ) * sc (0.519 0.045) *197.75
A2 = A'*
197.75
sc
= 6.44 *
= 3.18cm
400
s
A' = 6.44cm
572
Therefore:
As , min
2.56
573
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
231.28 kNm
Az
12.64 cm2
1.73 cm2
Amin
Result description
My SLS
Value
-231.275 kN*m
Error
0.0022 %
Az
Az
-12.6425 cm
-0.0990 %
Amin
Amin
-1.73058 cm
-0.0335 %
574
5.41 EC2 Test 15: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear
stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4998
Test status: Passed
5.41.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Service Limit State
The purpose of this test is to verify the My resulted stresses for the SLS load combination and the results of the
theoretical reinforcement area Az and of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
5.41.2 Background
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for a T concrete beam subjected to the
defined loads. The test confirms the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
575
Beam length: 8m
Beam height: h=0.76m
Concrete cover: c=4.50 cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.669 m; d=ebz=0.045m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C20/25 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 7) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=20+10=30kN/ml
Quasi-permanent combination of actions:
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=20+0.3*10=23kN/ml
576
Load calculations:
M ser ,cq =
M ser ,qp =
5.41.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of the creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 3.17 MPa
f cm
20 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
RH
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
If not 1 =
f
cm
0 .7
35
and 2 =
f
cm
0.2
In this case
therefore
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
2 Ac 2 * 318000
=
= 162.24mm
u
3920
h0 =
50
100
= 1+
= 1.92 (, t 0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t 0 ) = 1.92 * 3.17 * 0.488 = 2.97
3
0.1* 162.24
1
RH
Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
20 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 29962 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
577
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
M Eqp
184
= 1 + 2.97 *
= 3.28
240
M Ecar
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 21.89
2962
184
1 + 2.97 *
240
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is:
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
M tser
hf
0,10
s
3 * b * h 2 = 400 *
3 * 1,20 * 0,10 2 = 0,122 MNm
=
*
eff
f
2 *e d hf
43.77 0,669 0,10
d
0,669
M ser = 240kNm > M tser = 122kNm the neutral axes is on the beam body
Concrete compressive stresses
m =
M ser
beff * h f * (d
m + s
e
c = d *
h
d f
hf
2
=
)
0,240
0,10
)
1,20 * 0,10 * (0,669
2
= 3,23MPa
400
3,23 +
=
0
,
669
*
0,669 0,10 21.89
e
x1 =
e * c
21.89 * 4,96
* 0,669 = 14.30cm
d=
21.89 * 4,96 + 400
e * c + s
N c1 = beff * x1 *
c
2
= 1,20 * 0,1430 *
4,96
= 0,426 MN
2
As1 =
578
M1
0,265
=
= 10,65cm
zc1 * s 0,622 * 400
c 2 =
Nc 2 = (beff b w ) * x 2
c 2
1,49
= (1,20 0,3) * 0,0430 *
= 0,029MN
2
2
A s2 =
M2
zc 2 * s
0,0430
= 0,555m
3
0,016
= 0,72cm
0,555 * 400
As =
* bw * d
0.26 *
A s,min = Max
fyk
0.0013 * b * d
w
Therefore:
2.21
579
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
240 kNm
Az
9.58 cm2
Amin
2.57 cm2
Result description
My SLS
Value
-240 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Az
Az
-9.603 cm
-0.2401 %
Amin
Amin
-2.61066 cm
-0.0253 %
580
5.42 EC2 Test 4 I: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to Pivot A efforts Inclined
stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4977
Test status: Passed
5.42.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for Pivot A efforts. For these tests, the constitutive law for
reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram is applied.
The objective is to verify:
- The stresses results
- The longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to Class A reinforcement steel ductility
- The minimum reinforcement percentage
5.42.2 Background
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
This test performs the verification of the value (hence the position of the neutral axis) to determine the Pivot efforts
(A or B) to be considered for the calculations.
The distinction between the Pivot A and Pivot B efforts is from the following diagram:
xu
cu 2
cu 2
= =
x u = .d =
.d
ud + cu 2
d
ud + cu 2
The limit for depends of the ductility class:
u = 0.1346
u = 0.072
u = 0.049
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for Pivot A efforts. For these tests, it will be used the
constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram.
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
582
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.90 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.45 m ,
Concrete cover: c = 4.00 cm
Effective height: d = h - (0.6 * h + ebz)=0.806 m; d = ebz = 0.040 m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500B reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
fck
25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
2/3
fctm = 0.30 * fck
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.8) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
583
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Dead load:
G=0.9*0.5*2.5=11.25 kN/ml
Load combinations:
Load calculations:
M Ed =
123.94 * 5.80
= 521.16kNm
8
M Ecq =
86.25 * 5.80
= 362.68kNm
8
5.42.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete beam reduced moment limit
For a S500B reinforcement steel, we have lu = 0.372 (since we consider no limit on the compression concrete to
SLS).
Reference reinforcement calculation:
The calculation of the reinforcement is detailed below:
cu =
M Ed
0.52116 * 10 3 Nm
=
= 0,096
bw * d * f cd 0,50m * 0.806 m 2 * 16,67 MPa
The value:
The condition: cu < u = 0.1346 is satisfied, therefore the Pivot A effort conditions are true
There will be a design in simple bending, by considering an extension on the reinforced steel tension equal to
ud = 22.50 , which gives the following available stress:
cu = su *
0.127
cu
= 22.50 *
= 3.27
1 cu
1 0.127
584
M Ed
0.52116
=
= 15.00cm
z c * f yd 0.765 * 454
f cd .
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
As , min
Therefore:
As , min
2.56
585
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
521.16 kNm
My,SLS
362.68 kNm
Az
15.00 cm2
Amin
5.38 cm2
Result description
My USL
Value
-521.125 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
My
My SLS
-362.657 kN*m
0.0000 %
Az
Az Class A
-14.9973 cm
0.0000 %
Az
Az Class B
-14.9973 cm
0.7491 %
Amin
Amin
-5.37514 cm
0.0000 %
586
5.43 EC2 Test 8: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam without compressed reinforcement
Inclined stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4981
Test status: Passed
5.43.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
The purpose of the test is to verify the results using a constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the inclined stressstrain diagram.
The objective is to verify:
- The stresses results
- The longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to Class A reinforcement steel ductility
- The minimum reinforcement percentage
5.43.2 Background
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for using a constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the
inclined stress-strain diagram.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
587
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.65 m,
Width: b = 0.28 m,
Length: L = 6.40 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.182 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4.50 cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.806 m; d=ebz=0.045m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C30/37 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
Concrete C25/30:
f cd =
f ck
30
= 20 MPa
1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
f +8
E cm = 22000 * ck
10
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
0.3
30 + 8
= 22000 *
10
0.3
= 32837MPa
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
588
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 6.40) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*(25)+1.5*30=78.75kN/ml
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=25+30=55kN/ml
Quasi-permanent combination of actions:
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.6 x Q=25+0.6*30=43kNm
Load calculations:
M Ed =
78.75 * 6.40
= 403.20kNm
8
M Ecq =
55 * 6.40
= 281.60kNm
8
M Eqp =
43 * 6.40
= 220.16kNm
8
(, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 )
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.4
at t0=28 days
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.5
The value of the RH coefficient depends of the concrete quality:
RH
RH
100
* 1 * 2
= 1+
0. 1 * 3 h
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.3a
1 = 2 = 1 if fCM = 35MPa
589
35
If not: 1 =
fcm
0.7
35
and 2 =
fcm
0.2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.8c
In this case, fcm = fck + 8Mpa = 38Mpa
0.7
35
1 =
fcm
35
2 =
fcm
0.2
35
=
38
0.7
35
=
38
= 0.944
0.2
= 0.984
2 * Ac
2 * 280 * 650
h0 =
=
= 195.7mm
u
2 * ( 280 + 650)
RH
50
100
= 1 +
0.1 * 3 195.7
* 0.984 = 1.78
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002; Annex B; Chapter B.1(1); B.6
(, t 0 ) =
RH
e =
Es
E cm
1 + (, t 0 ) *
=
MEqp
MEcar
200000
= 17.40
32837
220.16
1 + 2.37 *
281.60
5.43.2.3 Reference results in calculating the concrete beam reduced moment limit
Due to exposure class XD3, we will verify the section having non-compressed steel reinforcement, determining the
reduced moment limit, using the formula defined by Jeans Roux in his book Practice of EC2:
This value can be determined by the next formula if
luc = K ( e ) *
f ck
(4.62 1.66 * ) * f ck + (165.69 79.62 * )
K ( e ) = 104 * a + b * e + c * e
The values of the coefficients "a", "b" and "c" are defined in the following table:
Diagram for inclined stress-strain diagram
75,3 * f ck 189,8
71,2 * f ck + 108
5,6 * f ck + 874,5
5,2 * f ck + 847,4
0,04 * f ck 13
0,03 * f ck 12,5
590
Then:
437.76
= 1,425
307.2
luc = K ( e ).
f ck
= 0.272
( 4.62 1.66 * ) * f ck + (165.69 79.62 * )
M Ed
0.403 *10 3 Nm
cu =
=
= 0,225
bw * d * f cd 0,50m * 0.566 m 2 * 20MPa
cu = 0.225
Au =
M Ed
0,233
=
= 11,68 * 10 4 m = 11,68cm
zc * f yd 0,458 * 434,78
su =
1u
* cu 2 =
1 0,323
* 3.5 = 7.35
0,323
Au =
M Ed
0.403
=
= 18.60 *10 4 m = 18.60cm
z c * f yd 0.493 * 439.71
* bw * d
0.26 *
A s,min = Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
591
Therefore:
As ,min
2.90
592
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
403.20 kNm
My,SLS
281.60 kNm
Az (Class A)
18.60 cm2
Amin
2.39 cm2
Result description
My USL
Value
-403.2 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
My
My SLS
-281.6 kN*m
0.0000 %
Az
Az
-18.6006 cm
0.0000 %
Amin
Amin
-2.38697 cm
0.0000 %
593
5.44 EC2 Test 17: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load,
without compressed reinforcement - Inclined stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)
Test ID: 5000
Test status: Passed
5.44.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Serviceability State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C20/25 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of compressing stresses in concrete section
and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section.
5.44.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Serviceability State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C20/25 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of compressing stresses in concrete section c and
compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Loadings from the structure: G = 9.375 kN/m (including the dead load),
Structural class: S4
Units
Metric System
594
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 8.00 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.10 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4.5cm
Effective height: d=44cm;
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C20/25 is used. The following characteristics are used in relation to this material:
Ast = 9,42cm
f ck = 20Mpa
f yk = 400Mpa
for 3 HA20
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load calculations:
Mfq = Mcar = Mqp = 75 kNm
5.44.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 3.17 MPa
f cm
20 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
595
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
If not, 1 =
f
cm
0.7
35
and 2 =
f
cm
0.2
In this case,
Therefore
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
h0 =
RH
2 Ac
2 * 200 * 500
= 142.86mm
=
u
2 * (200 + 500)
50
100
=1+
= 1.96 (, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.96 * 3.17 * 0.488 = 3.03
3
0.1 * 142.86
1
Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
20 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 29962 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + (, t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
= 1 + 3.03 * 1 = 4.03
=
M Eqp
200000
= 26.90
29962
1 + 3.03 *1
M Ecar
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is: bc = 0,6fck = 0,6 * 25 = 15Mpa
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit s = 0,8 * f yk = 320Mpa
596
M cr =
f ctm * I
v
Where:
I=
b * h3 0,20 * 0,503
=
= 0,00208m 4
12
12
v=
h
= 0,25m
2
2
3
M cr =
The servility limit state moment is 0.075MNm therefore the cracking inertia is present.
Neutral axis position calculation:
Neutral axis equation:
1
* bw * x1 Ast * e * (d x1 ) + Asc * e * ( x1 d ' ) = 0
2
Asc = 0
, it will be obtained:
x1 =
x1 =
b * x3
0,20 * 0,2303
Stresses calculation:
c =
0,075
M ser
* x1 =
* 0,230 = 8,94 Mpa c = 12 Mpa
0,001929
I
st = e * c *
d x1
0,44 0,230
= 26.90 * 8,94 *
= 219.57 Mpa s = 320 Mpa
x1
0,230
597
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
75 kNm
8.94 MPa
219.67 MPa
Result description
My SLS
Value
-75 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Sc CQ
Sc CQ
8.99322 MPa
0.5953 %
Ss CQ
Ss CQ
-219.639 MPa
-0.0314 %
598
5.45 EC2 Test 12: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to uniformly distributed load,
without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD3)
Test ID: 4985
Test status: Passed
5.45.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37 to resist simple bending. The
verification of the bending stresses at service limit state is performed.
During this test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement
and the verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
5.45.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit
Verify the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C30/37 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses, the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the verification of the minimum
reinforcement percentage are performed.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
599
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.65 m,
Width: b = 0.28 m,
Length: L = 6.40 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.182 m ,
Concrete cover: c = 4.5 cm
Effective height: d = h-(0.6*h+ebz) = 0.57m; d = ebz = 0.045 m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C30/37 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.80) restrained in translation along Y, Z and restrained in rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q = 25 + 15 = 40 kN/ml
Quasi-permanent combination of actions:
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q = 25 + 0.3*15 = 29.5 kN/ml
Load calculations:
MEcq =
( 25 + 15) * 6.40
= 205 kNm
8
MEqp =
5.45.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.725MPa
30 + 8
f cm
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
600
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
If not 1 =
fcm
0.7
35
and 2 =
fcm
0. 2
therefore
In this case
35
1 =
f cm
0.7
35
2 =
f cm
35
=
38
0.2
0.7
35
=
38
= 0.944
0.2
= 0.984
In this case:
Humidity RH = 50 %
h0 =
RH
2 * 280 * 650
2 Ac
= 195.70mm
=
u
2 * (280 + 650)
50
100
* 0.984 = 1.78 (, t0 ) = RH * ( f cm ) * (t0 ) = 1.78 * 2.73 * 0.488 = 2.37
=1+
0.1 * 3 195.70
1
Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
30 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 32837 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
151
= 1 + 2.37 *
= 2.75
205
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 16.76
32837
151
1 + 2.37 *
205
601
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is:
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
1 =
e * c
16.76 *15
=
= 0.430
e * c + s 16.76 *18 + 400
1
* b w * x1 * c
2
x
0.243
3
3
Where:
Utile height : d = h (0.06h + ebz) = 0.57 m
The moment resistance Mrb = 297 KNm
Because MEcq = 205kNm < Mrb = 297 kNm the supposition of having no compressed reinforcement is correct.
Calculation of reinforcement area with max constraint on steel and concrete
The reinforcement area is calculated using the SLS load combination
Neutral axis position: 1 = 0,430
0.430
3
3
Mser
zc * s
0.205
= 10.56 cm
0.485 * 400
fct,eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
fyk
0.0013 * b * d
w
Therefore:
2.896
602
603
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
205 kNm
Az
10.50 cm2
Amin
2.39 cm2
Result description
My SLS
Value
-204.8 kN*m
Error
0.0976 %
Az
Az
-10.3489 cm
1.9991 %
Amin
Amin
-2.38697 cm
0.1268 %
604
5.46 EC2 Test 16: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear
stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 4999
Test status: Passed
5.46.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit
The purpose of this test is to verify the My resulted stresses for the SLS load combination and the results of the
theoretical reinforcement area Az and of the minimum reinforcement percentage. This test performs verification for
the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the defined loads. The test confirms the
absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
5.46.2 Background
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the
defined loads. The test confirms the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
605
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Beam length: 8m
Beam height: h=0.67m
Concrete cover: c=4.50 cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.585 m; d=ebz=0.045m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C20/25 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 7) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=40+10=50kN/ml
Quasi-permanent combination of actions:
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=40+0.3*10=43kN/ml
Load calculations:
M ser,cq =
M ser,qp =
606
(40 + 10) * 8
8
= 400 kNm
= 344 kNm
5.46.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
16.8
16.8
=
= 3.17 MPa
f cm
20 + 8
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
if
35
If not 1 =
f
cm
0 .7
35
and 2 =
f
cm
0.2
In this case,
therefore:
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
h0 =
RH
2 Ac 2 *192600
=
= 123mm
u
3140
50
100 = 2 (, t ) = * ( f ) * (t ) = 2 * 3.17 * 0.488 = 3.11
= 1+
RH
cm
0
0
0.1* 3 123
1
Es
E cm
e =
1 + (, t 0 ) *
MEqp
MEcar
Where:
f +8
Ecm = 22 * ck
10
0.3
20 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 29962MPa
E s = 200000 MPa
1 + (, t 0 ) *
MEqp
MEcar
= 1 + 3.11 *
344
= 3.68
400
607
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 24.54
29962
344
1 + 3.11*
400
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is:
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
M tser
hf
0,10
s
3 * b * h 2 = 400 *
3 *10.90 * 0,10 2 = 0,083MNm
=
*
eff
f
2 * e d h f
2 * 24.54 0,585 0,10
d
0,585
M ser = 400kNm > M tser = 83kNm the neutral axes is on the beam body
Concrete compressive stresses
m =
M ser
beff * h f * (d
m + s
e
c = d *
h
d f
hf
2
=
)
0,400
0,10
)
0.90 * 0,10 * (0,585
2
= 8.31MPa
400
8.31 +
0
,
585
*
=
0,585 0,10 24.54
e
and
608
c2 =
c * x2
x1
1.61* 0,1306
= 6.01MPa
0,2306
N c 2 = (beff bw ) * x2
c2
2
6.01
= 0,282 MN
2
z c 2 = 0,585 0,10
As 2 =
0,1306
= 0,441m
3
M2
0,125
=
= 7.06cm
zc 2 * s 0,441 * 400
As =
As , min
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
Therefore:
As ,min
2.21
609
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
400 kNm
Az
18.83 cm2
Amin
1.37 cm2
Result description
My SLS
Value
-400 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Az
Az
-18.8948 cm
-0.3441 %
Amin
Amin
-1.36843 cm
0.1146 %
610
5.47 EC2 Test 6: Verifying a T concrete section, without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stressstrain diagram
Test ID: 4979
Test status: Passed
5.47.1 Description
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for the My resulted stresses for the USL load combination and
for the results of the theoretical reinforcement area Az.
5.47.2 Background
This test performs the verification of the theoretical reinforcement area for the T concrete beam subjected to the
defined loads. The test confirms the absence of the compressed reinforcement for this model.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
611
Beam length: 8m
Concrete cover: c=3.50 cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.435 m; d=ebz=0.035m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500B reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
Concrete C25/30:
f cd =
f ck
25
= 10.67 MPa
1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
Steel S500B :
f yd =
f yk
500
= 434.78MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 8) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is:
Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q=1.35*45+1.5*37.4=116.85kN/ml
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=45+34.7=79.7kN/ml
Load calculations:
M Ed =
612
116.85 * 8
= 934.8kNm
8
hf
M btu = beff * h f * d
2
0.15
hf
M Ed 2 = (beff bw ) * h f * f cd * d
2
= 720kNm
0.15
A2 =
M Ed 2
0.720
= 46.00cm
=
0.15
hf
* 347.8
d * f yd 0.435
2
Theoretical section 1:
The theoretical section 1 corresponds to a calculation for a rectangular shape beam section.
M Ed 1
0.215
=
= 0.341
bw * d * Fcd 0.20 * 0.435 *16.67
For a S500B reinforcement and for a XC1 exposure class, there will be a: cu > lu = 0.372 , therefore there will be no
compressed reinforcement (the compression concrete limit is not exceeded because of the exposure class)
There will be a calculation without considering compressed reinforcement:
M Ed 1
0.215
=
= 14.52cm
z c1 * f yd 0.340 * 347.78
Theoretical section 1:
In conclusion, the entire reinforcement steel area is A=A1+A2=46+14.52=60.52cm2
Finite elements modeling
613
1 linear element.
Result description
Reference value
2
60.52 cm2
614
Result description
Az
Value
-60.5167 cm
Error
0.0055 %
5.48 EC2 Test 11: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load,
without compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)
Test ID: 4983
Test status: Passed
5.48.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
5.48.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
615
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.60 m,
Width: b = 0.25 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.15 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4.5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.519m; d=ebz=0.045m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
fcd =
fck 25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
2/3
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
fctm = 0.30 * fck
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Steel S500 :
f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
Ecm
f +8
= 22000 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22000 *
10
0. 3
= 31476MPa
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.80) restrained in translation along Y, Z and restrained in rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Permanent loads:
G=0.25*0.6*2.5=3.75kN/ml
Load combinations:
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=15+3.75+20=38.75kN/ml
616
Load calculations:
M Ecq =
38,75 * 5,80
= 162,94kNm
8
M Eqp =
24.75 * 5,80
= 104.7kNm
8
5.48.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
16.8
( fcm ) =
fcm
(t0 ) =
16.8
25 + 8
= 2.925MPa
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
1 = 2 = 1 if fcm 35Mpa
35
If not, 1 =
fcm
0. 7
35
and 2 =
f cm
0.2
In this case,
, therefore 1 = 2 = 1
In this case,
Humidity RH=50 %
h0 =
2 Ac
2 * 250 * 600
=
= 176.47mm
u
2 * (250 + 600 )
50
100
= 1.89 (, t 0 ) =
= 1+
0.1 * 3 176.47
1
RH
RH
Therefore:
1 + (, t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
= 1 + 2.70 *
104
= 2.73
163
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 17.32
31476
104
1 + 2.70 *
163
617
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is:
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
1 =
e * c
17.32 *15
=
= 0.394
e * c + s 17.32 *15 + 400
value, it can be determined the moment resistance of the concrete section, using the following
Mrb =
x
0.204
1
Where:
Utile height : d = h (0.06h + ebz) = 0.519m
The moment resistance Mrb = 173KNm
Because
correct.
Calculation of reinforcement area with max constraint on steel and concrete
The reinforcement area is calculated using the SLS load combination
Neutral axis position:
1 = 0,394
0.394
3
3
Reinforcement section:
As1, ser =
M ser
0.163
=
= 9.03cm
zc * s 0.451 * 400
As , min
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
618
Therefore:
As , min
2.56
619
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
Az
Amin
162.94 kNm
9.03 cm2
1.73 cm2
Result description
My USL
Value
-162.936 kN*m
Error
0.0025 %
Az
Az
-9.02822 cm
0.0197 %
Amin
Amin
-1.73058 cm
-0.0335 %
620
5.49 EC2 Test 14: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load,
with compressed reinforcement- Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD1)
Test ID: 4987
Test status: Passed
5.49.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit - Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from
concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending.
During this test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement
and the verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
The verification of the bending stresses at service limit state is performed.
5.49.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Service State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Linear loads:
Loadings from the structure: G = 50 kN/m + dead load,
Exploitation loadings (category A): Q = 60kN/m,
Punctual loads
G=30kN
Q=25kN
2 = 0,3
Characteristic combination of actions: CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q
Quasi-permanent combination of actions: CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q
Simply supported beam
Units
Metric System
621
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.80 m,
Width: b = 0.40 m,
Length: L = 6.30 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.320 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4.5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.6*h+ebz)=0.707m; d=ebz=0.045m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.80) restrained in translation along Y, Z and restrained in rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Dead load:
0.40*0.80*25 = 8kN/ml
Load combinations:
Characteristic combination of actions:
CCQ = 1.0 x G + 1.0 x Q=8+50+60=118kN/ml
Quasi-permanent combination of actions:
CQP = 1.0 x G + 0.3 x Q=8+50+0.3*60=76kN/ml
622
Load calculations:
M ser , cq =
M ser , qp =
5.49.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92MPa
f cm
25 + 8
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
RH
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
If not 1 =
f
cm
0 .7
35
and 2 =
f
cm
0.2
therefore
In this case
1 = 2 = 1
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
2 Ac
2 * 400 * 800
= 267 mm
=
u
2 * (400 + 800)
h0 =
RH
50
100 = 1.78 (, t ) = * ( f ) * (t ) = 1.78 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.54
=1+
0
0
RH
cm
3
0.1 * 267
1
e =
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
623
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 31476 MPa
E s = 200000MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
435
= 1 + 2.54 *
= 2.65
672
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
200000
= 16.82
31476
435
1 + 2.54 *
672
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is:
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit
s = 0,8 * f yk = 400Mpa
1 =
16.82 *15
e * c
=
= 0.387
e * c + s 16.82 *18 + 400
x
0.273
1
Where:
Utile height : d = h (0.06h + ebz) = 0.707m
The moment resistance Mrb = 505KNm
Because
incorrect.
The calculation of the tension reinforcement theoretical section A1
zc = d
A1 =
624
x1
0.273
= 0.707
= 0.616m
3
3
M rb
0.505
=
= 20.51cm
zc * s 0.616 * 400
'=
d ' 0.045
=
= 0.064
d 0.707
sc = e * c *
0.387 0.067
1 '
= 16.82 * 15 *
= 210.78MPa
0.387
1
A' =
M ser M rb
0.672 0.505
=
= 11.96cm
(d d ' ) * sc (0.707 0.045) * 210.78
A2 = A'*
210.78
sc
= 11.96 *
= 6.30cm
400
s
f ct , eff
* bw * d
0.26 *
= Max
f yk
0.0013 * b * d
w
As , min
Therefore:
As , min
2.56
625
Result description
Reference value
My,SLS
672 kNm
Az
26.81 cm2
Amin
3.77 cm2
Result description
My SLS
Value
-672.032 kN*m
Error
-0.0048 %
Az
Az
-26.8086 cm
0.0052 %
Amin
Amin
-3.77193 cm
-0.3173 %
626
5.50 EC2 Test 23: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete - Bilinear stress-strain
diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5053
Test status: Passed
5.50.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. For this test, the
shear force diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts (VRd,max) will be determined, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement (Asw) calculation.
5.50.2 Background
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. For this test, the
shear force diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts (VRd,max) will be determined, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement (Asw) calculation.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Concrete C25/30
627
Exploitation loadings:
The live load will consist of three loads: two point loads of 40kN and 35kN and one linear load of 20kN/m,
placed along the beam as described in the picture:
Structural class: S1
Reinforcement steel ductility: Class B
The reinforcement will be displayed like in the picture below:
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
628
Height: h = 0.70 m,
Width: b = 0.30 m,
Length: L = 5.30 m,
Concrete cover: c=3.5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.06*h+ebz)=0.623m; d=ehz=0.0335m
Stirrup slope: = 90
Stirrup slope: 45
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.30) restrained in translation along Y, Z and rotation along X
Inner: None.
Loading
The maximum shear stresses from the concrete beam:
Using the software structure calculation the following values were obtained:
x = 0m => VEd = 406 KN
x = 0.50m (for the first point load) => VEd = 373.76 KN and VEd = 239.51 KN
x = 0.95m (for the second point load) => VEd = 210.82 KN and VEd = 70.57 KN
x = 2.06m the shear force is null => VEd = 0 KN
Note: In Advance Design, the shear reduction is not taken into account. These are the values corresponding to an
unreduced shear, that will be used for further calculations.
629
VRd , max = cw * 1 * f cd * zu * bw *
(cot + cot )
1 + cot 2
cw = 1 coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord and v1 = 0,6 * 1
f ck
250
When the transverse frames are vertical, the above formula simplifies to:
v1 * f cd * zu * bw
tg + cot
VRd , max =
In this case:
= 45
and
= 90
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
= 0.54
250
250
VRd , max =
Asw 0,23951 * tg 45
=
= 9,82cm / ml
500
s
0,561 *
1,15
It also calculates the required reinforcement area to the right side of the beam:
Asw 0,20674 * tg 45
=
= 8,48cm / ml
500
s
0,561 *
1,15
630
Note: after the second point load, the minimum transverse reinforcement is set (noted with Atmin in ADVANCE Design)
(in cm/ml):
0,08 * f ck
0,08 * 25
Asw
w, min * bw * sin =
* bw * sin =
* 0.30 * sin 90 = 2.4cm / ml
500
s
f yk
631
Result description
Reference value
Fz
405.63 kN
Fz
373.76 kN
Fz
239.51 kN
Fz
210.82 kN
Fz
70.57 kN
Atz
16,65 cm2/ml
Atz
9.82 cm2/ml
Atz
8.84 cm2/ml
At,min,z
2.40 cm2/ml
Result description
Fz,0
Value
-405.633 kN
Error
-0.0007 %
Fz
Fz,1
-373.758 kN
0.0005 %
Fz
Fz,1'
-239.445 kN
0.0271 %
Fz
Fz,2
-210.821 kN
-0.0005 %
Fz
Fz,2'
-70.5644 kN
0.0079 %
Atz
Atz,0
16.6391 cm
0.0547 %
Atz
Atz,1
9.82205 cm
0.0209 %
Atz
Atz,r
8.48058 cm
0.0068 %
Atminz
At,min,z
2.4 cm
0.0000 %
632
5.51 EC2 Test 27: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with vertical
transversal reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5076
Test status: Passed
5.51.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. For this test, the
shear force diagram is generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max., will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement, Asw, and the theoretical reinforcement. For the calculation, the reduced shear force
values will be used.
5.51.2 Background
Description: Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. For this
test, the shear force diagram is generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by
the member, limited by crushing of the compression struts, VRd,max. will be calculated, along with the cross-sectional
area of the shear reinforcement, Asw, and the theoretical reinforcement.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Concrete C25/30
Exploitation loadings:
The live load will be considered from one linear load of 25kN
Structural class: S1
Reinforcement steel ductility: Class B
The reinforcement will be displayed like in the picture below:
633
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.70 m,
Width: b = 0.35 m,
Length: L = 5.75 m,
Concrete cover: c=3.5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.06*h+ebz)=0.623m; d=ehz=0.035m
Stirrup slope: = 90
Strut slope: =45
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.30) restrained in translation along Y, Z and rotation along X
Inner: None.
Loading:
For a beam subjected to a point load, Pu, the shear stresses are defined by the formula below:
VEd =
Pu * l
2
According to EC2 the Pu point load is defined by the next formula:
Pu = 1,35*Pg + 1,50*Pq=1.35*40kN+1.50*25kN=91.5kN
In this case :
VEd =
5.75 * 91.5
= 263KN
2
Pu = 91.5kN / ml
M Ed =
cu =
634
91.5 * 5.75
= 378.15kNm
8
M Ed
0.378
=
= 0.167
bw * d * f cd 0.35 * 0.623 * 16.67
V ( x) = Pu * x
Pu * l
2
Therefore:
(cot + cot )
1 + cot 2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 6.2.3.(3)
Where:
cw = 1
coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord and
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck
250
When the transverse frames are vertical, the above formula simplifies to:
VRd , max =
v1 * f cd * zu * bw
tg + cot
In this case:
= 45
and
= 90
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
= 0.54
250
250
VRd , max =
635
Asw
w, min * bw * sin
s
With:
w, min =
0,08 * f ck 0,08 * 20
=
= 7.15 10 4
f yk
500
Asw
w, min * bw * sin = 7.15 * 10 4 * 0.2 * sin 90 = 1.43cm / ml
s
Finite elements modeling
3 nodes,
1 linear element.
2
Advance Design gives the following results for At,min,z (cm /ml)
Result description
Fz
At,min,z
Reference value
2
263 kN
1.43 cm2/ml
636
Result description
Atmin,z
Value
1.43108 cm
Error
0.0755 %
5.52 EC2 Test 19: Verifying the crack openings for a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a
uniformly distributed load, without compressed reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram
(Class XD1)
Test ID: 5033
Test status: Passed
5.52.1 Description
Simple Bending Design for Serviceability State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of compressing stresses in concrete section
and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section; the maximum spacing of cracks and the crack openings
are verified.
5.52.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Serviceability State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the calculation of stresses will be made along with the calculation of compressing stresses in concrete section c
and compressing stresses in the steel reinforcement section s; maximum spacing of cracks and the crack openings.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Structural class: S4
Units
Metric System
637
Geometry
Beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.60 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.12 m ,
Concrete cover: c=4.5cm
Effective height: d=53cm;
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 is used. The following characteristics are used in relation to this material:
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load calculations:
5.52.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete final value of creep coefficient
( , t0 ) = RH ( f cm ) (t0 )
Where:
( f cm ) =
(t0 ) =
16.8
16.8
=
= 2.92MPa
25 + 8
f cm
1
1
=
= 0.488
0.20
0.1 + 280.20
0.1 + t0
638
RH
100 * *
= 1 +
1
2
0.1*3 h0
RH
1 = 2 = 1 if f 35Mpa
cm
35
1 =
f
cm
If not
0.7
35
2 =
f
cm
and
0.2
In this case,
, therefore:
In this case:
Humidity RH=50 %
2 Ac
2 * 200 * 600
=
= 150mm
u
2 * (200 + 600)
h0 =
RH
50
100 = 1.94 (, t ) = * ( f ) * (t ) = 1.94 * 2.92 * 0.488 = 2.77
=1+
RH
cm
0
0
0.1 * 3 150
1
Es
Ecm
e =
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
M Eqp
M Ecar
Where:
Ecm
f +8
= 22 * ck
10
0.3
25 + 8
= 22 *
10
0.3
= 31476 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
e =
M Eqp
M Ecar
Es
Ecm
1 + ( , t 0 ) *
= 1 + 2.77 *
=
M Eqp
M Ecar
101
= 2.75
160
200000
= 2.75
31476
101
1 + 2.77 *
160
Material characteristics:
The maximum compression on the concrete is:
For the maximum stress on the steel taut, we consider the constraint limit
s = 0,8 * f yk = 320Mpa
639
1
* b w * x1 A st * e * (d x1 ) + A sc * e * ( x1 d' ) = 0
2
e * ( A sc + A st ) + e2 * ( A sc + A st ) + 2 * b w * e * (d'* A sc + d * A st )
x1 =
bw
e * A st + e2 * A st + 2 * b w * e * d * A st )
b
Asc = 0
, it will be obtained:
I = w 1 + A st * e * (d x1 ) + A sc * e * ( x1 d' ) =
3
0.2 * 0.2673
=
+ 15,46 * 10 4 * 17.47 * (0.53 0.267 ) = 0.00314m4
3
Stresses calculation:
c =
M ser
0,101
* x1 =
* 0,267 = 8.59Mpa
I
0,00314
st = e * c *
0,53 0,267
d x1
= 17.47 * 8.59 *
= 147.82Mpa s = 400Mpa
0,267
x1
Ac , eff
2. 5 * ( h d )
2.5 * (0.6 0.53) = 0.175
(h x)
(0.6 0.267)
= b * min
=0.20 * min
= 0.111 = 0.2 * 0.111 = 0.0222m 2
3
3
h
0.6
= 0.3
2
2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 7.3.4.(2); Figure 7.1
p , eff =
eq =
As
15.46 * 104
=
= 0.070
Ac , eff
0.0222
n1 * 12 + n2 * 22
= 18.22mm
n1 * 1 + n2 * 2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 7.3.4.(3)
sr ,max = k3 * c +
Where:
c=0.051m
640
0.425 * k1 * k 2 *
p ,eff
25
k3 = 3.4 *
c
2/3
25
= 3.4 *
51
2/3
= 2.114
Therefore:
sr , max = k3 * c +
0.425 * k1 * k2 *
p , eff
= 2.114 * 0.051 +
e =
Es
200000
=
= 6.35
Ecm
31476
s kt *
sm cm =
f ct ,eff
p ,eff
* (1 + e . p ,eff )
Es
147.82 0.4 *
2.56
* (1 + 6.35 * 0.07)
0.07
= 6.33 *10 4 0,6 * s = 4.43 *10 4
Es
200000
641
Result description
Reference value
Mser-cq
160 kNm
8.50 MPa
148 MPa
Sr,max
15.2 cm
Wk
0.0096 cm
Result description
My SLS cq
Value
-159.546 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
Sc QP
Sc QP
8.50328 MPa
0.0000 %
Ss QP
Ss QP
-147.055 MPa
0.0000 %
Sr,max
Sr,max
15.3633 cm
0.9137 %
wk
Wk
-0.00966483 cm
-0.9137 %
642
5.53 EC2 Test 25: Verifying the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam with inclined
transversal reinforcement - Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1)
Test ID: 5065
Test status: Passed
5.53.1 Description
Verifies the shear resistance for a rectangular concrete beam C20/25 with inclined transversal reinforcement Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XC1).
For this test, the shear force diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be
sustained by the member, limited by crushing of the compression struts (VRd,max) is calculated, along with the
cross-sectional area of the shear reinforcement (Asw).
5.53.2 Background
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C20/25 to resist simple bending. For this test, the
shear force diagram will be generated. The design value of the maximum shear force which can be sustained by the
member, limited by crushing of the compression struts (VRd,max) is calculated, along with the cross-sectional area of
the shear reinforcement (Asw).
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Concrete C20/25
Exploitation loadings:
The live load will be considered from one point load of 95kN
Structural class: S1
Reinforcement steel ductility: Class B
The reinforcement will be displayed like in the picture below:
643
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.50 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 3.00 m,
Concrete cover: c=3.5cm
Effective height: d=h-(0.06*h+ebz)=0.435m; d=ehz=0.035m
Stirrup slope: = 45
Strut slope: =30
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.30) restrained in translation along Y, Z and rotation along X
Inner: None.
Loading:
For a beam subjected to a point load, Pu, the shear stresses are defined by the formula below:
a
VEd = Pu 1
l
1
VEd = 284,25 * 1 = 189,5 KN
3
Note: In Advance Design, the shear reduction is not taken into account. These are the values corresponding to an
unreduced shear, that will be used for further calculations.
644
cw = 1 coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord and v1 = 0,6 * 1
f ck
250
In this case,
= 30 and = 45
v1 strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear
f
20
v1 = 0,6 * 1 ck = 0.6 * 1
= 0.55
250
250
Asw
VEd
0.18950
=
=
= 5.76cm / ml
s
zu * f ywd * (cot + cot ) * sin 0.392 * 434.78 * (cot 30 + cot 45) * sin 45
Beyond the point load, the shear force is constant and equal to Rb, therefore,
it also calculates the required reinforcement area to the right side of the beam:
0.09475
Asw
=
= 2.88cm / ml
s
0.392 * 434.78 * (cot 30 + cot 45) * sin 45
Finite elements modeling
3 nodes,
1 linear element.
2
Advance Design gives the following results for Atz (cm /ml)
645
Result description
Reference value
Fz,1
189.5 kN
Fz,2
94.75 kN
At,z,1
5.76 cm2/ml
At,z,2
2.88 cm2/ml
Result description
Fz,1
Value
-189.5 kN
Error
0.0000 %
Fz
Fz,2
94.75 kN
0.0000 %
Atz
Atz,1
5.76277 cm
0.0000 %
Atz
Atz,2
2.88139 cm
0.0000 %
646
5.54 Verifying the capacity design results according to Eurocode EC2 and EC8 French standards.
(DEV2013 #8.3)
Test ID: 5602
Test status: Passed
5.54.1 Description
Verifies the capacity design results according to Eurocode EC2 and EC8 French standards.
647
5.55 EC2 Test 4 II: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to Pivot B efforts Inclined
stress-strain diagram
Test ID: 5893
Test status: Passed
5.55.1 Description
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple bending. During this
test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement.
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for Pivot B efforts. For these tests, the constitutive law for
reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram is applied.
The objective is to verify the longitudinal reinforcement corresponding to Class B reinforcement steel ductility.
5.55.2 Background
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
This test performs the verification of the value (hence the position of the neutral axis) to determine the Pivot efforts
(A or B) to be considered for the calculations.
The distinction between the Pivot A and Pivot B efforts is from the following diagram:
cu 2
cu 2
xu
= =
x u = .d =
.d
ud + cu 2
ud + cu 2
d
The limit for depends of the ductility class:
u = 0.1346
u = 0.072
u = 0.049
The purpose of this test is to verify the software results for Pivot A efforts. For these tests, it will be used the
constitutive law for reinforcement steel, on the inclined stress-strain diagram.
648
The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1.35 x G + 1.5 x Q
649
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.90 m,
Width: b = 0.50 m,
Length: L = 5.80 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.45 m ,
Concrete cover: c = 4.00 cm
Effective height: d = h - (0.6 * h + ebz)=0.806 m; d = ebz = 0.040 m
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500B reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are used in
relation to this material:
fck
25
=
= 16,67MPa
c 1,5
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.6(1); 4.4.2.4(1); Table 2.1.N
2/3
fctm = 0.30 * fck
= 0.30 * 25 2 / 3 = 2.56MPa
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.1.3(2); Table 3.1
Steel S500 : f yd =
f yk
s
500
= 434,78MPa
1,15
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2002 Chapter 3.2
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
650
Outer:
Support at end point (x = 5.8) restrained in translation along Y and Z, and restrained rotation along X.
Inner: None.
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Dead load:
G=0.9*0.5*2.5=11.25 kN/ml
Load combinations:
Load calculations:
M Ed =
123.94 * 5.80
= 521.16kNm
8
M Ecq =
86.25 * 5.80
= 362.68kNm
8
5.55.2.2 Reference results in calculating the concrete beam reduced moment limit
For S500B reinforcement steel, we have lu = 0.372 (since we consider no limit on the compression concrete to
SLS).
Reference solution for reinforcement from Class B steel ductility
If the Class B reinforcement steel is chosen, the calculations must be done considering the Pivot B efforts.
The calculation of the reinforcement is detailed below:
M Ed
0.52116 * 103 Nm
=
= 0,096
cu =
bw * d * f cd 0,50m * 0.806 m 2 * 16,67 MPa
The value:
A design in simple bending is performed and it will be considered a design stress of concrete equal to
f cd .
su =
1 u
* cu 2 =
1 0,127
* 3.5 = 24.1
0,127
M Ed
0.52116
=
= 15.13cm
z c * f yd 0.765 * 450.25
651
Result description
Reference value
My,ULS
521.16 kNm
My,SLS
362.68 kNm
Az
15.13 cm2
Result description
My corresponding to 101 combination (ULS)
Value
-521.125 kN*m
Error
0.0000 %
My
-362.657 kN*m
0.0000 %
Az
-15.1105 cm
0.0000 %
652
5.56 Verifying the peak smoothing influence over mesh, the punching verification and punching
reinforcement results when Z down axis is selected. (TTAD #14963)
Test ID: 6200
Test status: Passed
5.56.1 Description
Verifies the peak smoothing influence over mesh, the punching verification and punching reinforcement results when
Z down axis is selected.
The model consists in a c25/30 concrete planar element and four concrete columns (with R20/30, IPE400, D40,
L60*20 cross-sections) and is subjected to self weight and 1 live load of -100 KN.
653
5.57 EC2 Test 47: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to tension load - Bilinear stressstrain diagram (Class XD2)
Test ID: 5964
Test status: Passed
5.57.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple tension. Verification of the
bending stresses at ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state is performed.
Verification is done according to EN 1992-1-1 French annex.
5.57.2 Background
Simple Bending Design for Ultimate and Service State Limit
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple tension. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
654
Height: h = 0.20 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.04 m ,
Concrete cover: c=5.00cm
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500, class A reinforcement steel is used. The following characteristics are
used in relation to this material:
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
5.57.2.2 Reference results in calculating the longitudinal reinforcement and the crack width
Calculating for ultimate limit state:
As ,U
N Ed
s ,U
0.407
= 9.37 * 10 4 m = 9.37cm
500
1.15
As , ser
N ser
As ,ser
0.285
= 7.13 *10 4 m = 7.13cm
400
Final reinforcement
Is retained the steel section between the maximum theoretical calculation at ULS and calculating the SLS or
Ath = 9.37 cm .
Therefore, 4HA20 = A = 12.57 cm .
655
s =
N ser
0.285
s =>
= 226.80 MPa s = 400 MPa
As ,ser
0.001257
sr , max = k3 * c +
0.425 * k1 * k2 *
p , eff
d = 20 5 0.6
Ac , eff
2
= 13.4cm
2
2
2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 7.3.4(2); Figure: 7.1
Ac ,eff = 0.040m
p , eff
this value was multiplied by two because the section is fully stretched
As
12.57 * 104
= 0.031
=
=
0.040
Ac , eff
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 7.3.4(2)
eq =
n1 * 12 + n2 * 22
= 20mm
n1 * 1 + n2 * 2
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 7.3.4(2)
sr , max = k3 * c +
0.425 * k1 * k2 *
p , eff
k 1 = 0.8 HA bars
k 2 = 1 pure tension sizing
25
k 3 = 3.4 *
c
2/3
sr , max = k3 * c +
656
25
= 3.4 *
56
2/3
= 1.99
0.425 * k1 * k2 *
p , eff
= 1.99 * 56 +
0.425 * 0.8 * 1 * 20
= 331mm
0.031
e =
Es
200000
=
= 6.35
Ecm
31476
According to: EC2 Part 1,1 EN 1992-1-1-2004 Chapter 7.3.4(2)
s =
N ser qp
As ,ser
0.180
= 143.2Mpa
0.001257
s k t *
sm cm =
fct,eff
p,eff
* (1 + e * p,eff )
=
Es
= 5.17 * 10 4 0,6 *
143 0.4 *
2.56
* (1 + 6.35 * 0.031)
0.031
=
200000
s
= 4.30 * 10 4
Es
As Ac .
f ctm
f yk
Because h<0.3m
f ctm
2.56
= 0.04 *
= 2.05cm
f yk
500
657
658
Result description
Reference value
2
Az,ULS
4.68 cm2
226.77 MPa
Sr, max
33.1 cm
wk
0.017 cm
Result description
Az,USL
Value
-4.68337 cm
Error
0.0000 %
Ss CQ
SigmaS
-226.766 MPa
0.0018 %
Sr,max
Sr,max
32.7639 cm
-0.7155 %
wk
wk
-0.0170451 cm
-0.2653 %
659
5.58 EC2 Test 47 I: Verifying a rectangular concrete beam subjected to a tension distributed load Bilinear stress-strain diagram (Class XD2)
Test ID: 5887
Test status: Passed
5.58.1 Description
Verifies a rectangular cross section beam made of concrete C25/30 subjected to a tension distributed load - Bilinear
stress-strain diagram (Class XD2).
During this test, the determination of stresses is made along with the determination of the longitudinal reinforcement
area and the verification of the minimum reinforcement area.
5.58.2 Background
Verifies the adequacy of a rectangular cross section made from concrete C25/30 to resist simple tension. During this
test, the calculation of stresses is made along with the calculation of the longitudinal reinforcement and the
verification of the minimum reinforcement percentage.
This test was evaluated by the French control office SOCOTEC.
Units
Metric System
660
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
Height: h = 0.20 m,
Width: b = 0.20 m,
Length: L = 5.00 m,
2
Section area: A = 0.04 m ,
Concrete cover: c = 5.00 cm (for the concrete cover of the bottom / top external fiber measured along the local
z axis, Advance Design is having the following notation: ebz = 5 cm; ehz = 5 cm; while for the concrete cover
measured along the local y axis the following notations are used: eby = 5 cm; ehy = 5 cm )
Materials properties
Rectangular solid concrete C25/30 and S500, class A reinforcement steel are used. The following characteristics are
used in relation to this material:
f cd =
f yd =
f ck
f yk
f ck = 25MPa
25
= 16.67 MPa
1.5
500 MPa
= 434.78MPa
1.15
2
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
Outer:
Loading
The beam is subjected to the following load combinations:
Load combinations:
661
5.58.2.2 Reference results in calculating the longitudinal and the minimum reinforcement
Calculating the longitudinal reinforcement for serviceability limit state:
As , ser
N ser
0.285
= 7.13 *10 4 m = 7.13cm
400
f ctm
2.56
= 0.04 *
= 2.05cm
f yk
500
Result description
Reference value
2
Az,SLS
3.565 cm2
Amin
2.05 cm2
662
Result description
Theoretical reinforcement
combination
area
for
the
SLS
load
Value
-3.5625 cm
Error
0.0000 %
2.05197 cm
0.0000 %
5.59 Testing the punching verification and punching reinforcement results on loaded analysis
model (TTAD #14332)
Test ID: 6189
Test status: Passed
5.59.1 Description
Tests the punching verification and punching reinforcement results on loaded analysis mode and generates the
corresponding report.
5.60 EC2: column design with Nominal Stiffness method square section (TTAD #11625)
Test ID: 3001
Test status: Passed
5.60.1 Description
Verifies and generates the corresponding report for the longitudinal reinforcement bars of a column. The column is
designed with "Nominal stiffness method", with a square cross section (C40).
5.61 Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for a horizontal concrete bar with rectangular cross
section
Test ID: 4179
Test status: Passed
5.61.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation according to the Eurocodes 2 French DAN. Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement and generates the corresponding report: "Longitudinal
reinforcement linear elements".
The model consists of a concrete linear element with rectangular cross section (R18*60) with rigid hinge supports at
both ends and two linear vertical loads: -15.40 kN and -9.00 kN.
5.62 Verifying the minimum transverse reinforcement area results for an articulated beam (TTAD
#11342)
Test ID: 3638
Test status: Passed
5.62.1 Description
Verifies the minimum transverse reinforcement area for an articulated horizontal beam.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation and generates the "Transverse
reinforcement linear elements" report.
The beam has a rectangular cross section (R20*50), B25 material and two hinge rigid supports at both ends.
663
5.63 Verifying the minimum transverse reinforcement area results for articulated beams (TTAD
#11342)
Test ID: 3639
Test status: Passed
5.63.1 Description
Verifies the minimum transverse reinforcement area for two articulated horizontal beams.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation and generates the "Transverse
reinforcement linear elements" report.
Each beam has rectangular cross section (R30*70), B25 material and two hinge rigid supports at both ends.
On each beam there are applied:
- Dead loads: a linear load of -25.00 kN and two punctual loads of -55.00 kN and -65.00 kN
- Live loads: a linear load of -20.00 kN and two punctual loads of -40.00 kN and -35.00 kN.
5.64 Verifying the reinforced concrete results on a structure with 375 load cases combinations
(TTAD #11683)
Test ID: 3475
Test status: Passed
5.64.1 Description
Verifies the reinforced concrete results for a model with more than 100 load cases combinations.
On a concrete structure there are applied: dead loads, self weight, live loads, wind loads (according to NV2009) and
accidental loads. A number of 375 combinations are obtained.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Generates the reinforcement areas
planar elements report.
5.65 Verifying the reinforced concrete results on a fixed beam (TTAD #11836)
Test ID: 3542
Test status: Passed
5.65.1 Description
Verifies the concrete results on a fixed horizontal beam.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Generates the reinforced concrete
calculation results report.
The beam has a R25*60 cross section, C25/30 material and has a rigid hinge support at one end and a rigid support
with translation restraints on Y and Z at the other end. A linear dead load (-28.75 kN) and a live load (-50.00 kN) are
applied.
664
5.66 Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for a fixed linear element (TTAD #11700)
Test ID: 3547
Test status: Passed
5.66.1 Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement for a horizontal concrete bar.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Verifies the longitudinal
reinforcement and generates the reinforcement report.
The bar has a rectangular cross section R40*80, has a rigid hinge support at one end and a rigid support with
translation restraints on Y and Z. Four loads are applied: a linear dead load of -50.00 kN on FZ, a punctual dead load
of -30.00 kN on FZ, a linear live load of -60.00 kN on FZ and a punctual live load of -25.00 kN on FZ.
5.67.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement results for a horizontal concrete bar.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Verifies the reinforcement and
generates the reinforced concrete analysis report: data and results.
The bar has a rectangular cross section R20*50, a rigid hinge support at one end, a rigid support with translation
restraints on X, Y and Z and rotation restraint on X.
5.68.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement results on planar elements.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Generates the reinforced concrete
analysis report: data and results.
The model consists of two planar elements (C20/25 material) with rigid fixed linear supports. On each element, a
punctual load of 50.00 kN on FX is applied.
5.69.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement of a concrete column.
665
5.70 Verifying Aty and Atz for a fixed concrete beam (TTAD #11812)
Test ID: 3528
Test status: Passed
5.70.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation of a model with a horizontal concrete
beam.
The beam has a R20*50 cross section and two hinge rigid supports.
Verifies Aty and Atz for the fixed concrete beam.
5.71 Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement bars for a filled circular column (TTAD #11678)
Test ID: 3543
Test status: Passed
5.71.1 Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement for a vertical concrete bar.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Generates the reinforcement report.
The bar has a circular cross section with a radius of 40.00 cm and a rigid hinge support. A vertical punctual load of 5000.00 kN is applied.
5.72 Verifying the longitudinal reinforcement for linear elements (TTAD #11636)
Test ID: 3545
Test status: Passed
5.72.1 Description
Verifies the longitudinal reinforcement for a vertical concrete bar.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Verifies the longitudinal
reinforcement and generates the reinforcement report.
The bar has a square cross section of 30.00 cm, a rigid fixed support at the base and a support with translation
restraints on X and Y. A vertical punctual load of -1260.00 kN is applied.
5.73.1 Description
The test is performed on a single column in tension, according to Eurocodes 2.
The column has a section of 20 cm square and a rigid support. A permanent load (traction of 100 kN) and a live load
(40 kN) are applied.
Performs the finite elements calculation and the reinforced concrete calculation. Generates the longitudinal
reinforcement report.
666
6 General Applications
6.1
6.1.1 Description
Verifies element creation using commas for coordinates in the command line.
6.2
Verifying the precision of linear and planar concrete covers (TTAD #12525)
Test ID: 4547
Test status: Passed
6.2.1 Description
Verifies the linear and planar concrete covers precision.
6.3
6.3.1 Description
Verifies the definition of the reinforced concrete design assumptions.
6.4
6.4.1 Description
Generates liquid pressure on a concrete structure with horizontal and vertical surfaces. Generates the loadings
description report.
6.5
Verifying 2 joined vertical elements with the clipping option enabled (TTAD #12238)
Test ID: 4480
Test status: Passed
6.5.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation on a model with 2 joined vertical elements with the clipping option enabled.
6.6
6.6.1 Description
Verifies the renaming function from the properties list of a linear element. The name contains the "_" character.
668
6.7
Creating and updating model views and post-processing views (TTAD #11552)
Test ID: 3820
Test status: Passed
6.7.1 Description
Creates and updates the model view and the post-processing views for a simple steel frame.
6.8
6.8.1 Description
Selects a different default material for concrete elements.
6.9
Importing a cross section from the Advance Steel profiles library (TTAD #11487)
Test ID: 3719
Test status: Passed
6.9.1 Description
Imports the Canam Z 203x10.0 section from the Advance Steel Profiles library in the Advance Design list of available
cross sections.
6.10.1 Description
Generates the "Description of climatic loads" report for a model consisting of a concrete structure with dead loads,
wind loads, snow loads and seism loads. Performs the model verification, meshing and finite elements calculation.
Generates the "Displacements of linear elements by element" report.
6.11 Creating a new Advance Design file using the "New" command from the "Standard" toolbar
(TTAD #12102)
Test ID: 4095
Test status: Passed
6.11.1 Description
Creates a new .fto file using the "New" command from the "Standard" toolbar. Creates a rigid punctual support and
tests the CAD coordinates.
669
6.12 Verifying the appearance of the local x orientation legend (TTAD #11737)
Test ID: 4109
Test status: Passed
6.12.1 Description
Verifies the color legend display. On a model with a planar element, the color legend is enabled; it displays the
elements by the local x orientation color.
6.13 Creating system trees using the copy/paste commands (DEV2012 #1.5)
Test ID: 4164
Test status: Passed
6.13.1 Description
Creates system trees using the copy/paste commands in the Pilot. The source system consists of several
subsystems. The target system is in the source system.
6.14 Launching the verification of a model containing steel connections (TTAD #12100)
Test ID: 4096
Test status: Passed
6.14.1 Description
Launches the verification function for a model containing a beam-column steel connection.
6.15 Creating system trees using the copy/paste commands (DEV2012 #1.5)
Test ID: 4162
Test status: Passed
6.15.1 Description
Creates system trees using the copy/paste commands in the Pilot. The source system consists of several
subsystems. The target system is on the same level as the source system.
6.16.1 Description
Verifies the material properties on a model with a concrete (C25/30) bar. Generates the material description report.
670
6.17.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and the steel calculation on a structure with four types of connections.
Generates the "Synthetic table by type of connection" report.
The structure consists of linear steel elements (S275) with CE505, IPE450, IPE140 and IPE500 cross section. The
model connections: columns base plates, beam - column fixed connections, beam - beam fixed connections and
gusset plate. Live loads, snow loads and wind loads are applied.
6.18 Verifying the overlapping when a planar element is built in a hole.(TTAD #13772)
Test ID: 6214
Test status: Passed
6.18.1 Description
Verifies that when a planar element is built in a hole of another planar element by checking the mesh.
6.19 Verifying geometry properties of elements with compound cross sections (TTAD #11601)
Test ID: 3546
Test status: Passed
6.19.1 Description
Verifies the geometry properties of a steel structure with elements which have compound cross sections (CS4
IPE330 UPN240). Generates the geometrical data report.
671
7 Import / Export
7.1
Verifying the export of a linear element to GTC (TTAD #10932, TTAD #11952)
Test ID: 3628
Test status: Passed
7.1.1
Description
Exports a linear element to GTC.
7.2
7.2.1
Description
Launches the "Export > Text file" command and saves the current project as a .do4 archive file.
The model contains all types of structural elements, loads and geometric objects.
7.3
7.3.1
Description
Exports the analysis model to ADA (through GTC) with:
- Export results: enabled
- Export meshed model: disabled
7.4
Verifying the GTC files exchange between Advance Design and SuperSTRESS (DEV2012 #1.9)
Test ID: 4445
Test status: Passed
7.4.1
Description
Verifies the GTC files exchange (import/export) between Advance Design and SuperSTRESS.
7.5
Importing GTC files containing elements with haunches from SuperSTRESS (TTAD #12172)
Test ID: 4297
Test status: Passed
7.5.1
Description
Imports a GTC file from SuperSTRESS. The file contains steel linear elements with haunch sections.
674
7.6
7.6.1
Description
Exports the analysis model to ADA (through GTC) with:
- Export results: disabled
- Export meshed model: enabled
7.7
Importing GTC files containing elements with circular hollow sections, from SuperSTRESS
(TTAD #12197)
Test ID: 4388
Test status: Passed
7.7.1
Description
Imports a GTC file from SuperSTRESS. The file contains elements with circular hollow section. Verifies if the cross
sections are imported from the attached "UK Steel Sections" database.
7.8
Importing GTC files containing elements with circular hollow sections, from SuperSTRESS
(TTAD #12197)
Test ID: 4389
Test status: Passed
7.8.1
Description
Imports a GTC file from SuperSTRESS when the "UK Steel Sections" database is not attached. The file contains
elements with circular hollow section. Verifies the cross sections definition.
7.9
Verifying the releases option of the planar elements edges after the model was exported and
imported via GTC format (TTAD #12137)
Test ID: 4506
Test status: Passed
7.9.1
Description
Exports to GTC a model with planar elements on which the edges releases were defined. Imports the GTC file to
verify the planar elements releases option.
7.10 System stability when importing AE files with invalid geometry (TTAD #12232)
Test ID: 4479
Test status: Passed
7.10.1 Description
Imports a complex model containing elements with invalid geometry.
675
7.11 Verifying the load case properties from models imported as GTC files (TTAD #12306)
Test ID: 4515
Test status: Passed
7.11.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation on a model with dead load cases and exports the model to GTC. Imports the
GTC file to verify the load case properties.
7.12.1 Description
Imports an IFC file containing a continuous foundation (linear support) and verifies the element display.
7.12.2 Description
Exports to IFC format a model containing linear elements having sections of type "I symmetric" and "I asymmetric".
7.13.1 Description
Imports a GTC file exported from Advance Design. The file contains the automatically created system "PH.RDC".
7.14.1 Description
Exports a meshed model to GTC. The meshed planar element from the model contains a triangular mesh.
676
8 Joint Design
8.1
8.1.1
Description
Deletes a welded tube connection - 1 gusset bar after the joint was exported to ADSC.
8.2
8.2.1
Description
Verifies the connections groups function.
678
9 Mesh
9.1
Verifying the mesh for a model with generalized buckling (TTAD #11519)
Test ID: 3649
Test status: Passed
9.1.1
Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the mesh for a model with generalized buckling.
9.2
9.2.1
Description
Creates a triangular mesh on a planar element with rigid supports and self weight.
9.3
9.3.1
Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the mesh nodes of a concrete structure.
The structure consists of concrete linear elements (R20*20 cross section) and rigid supports; the loads applied on the
structure: dead loads, live loads, wind loads and snow loads, according to Eurocodes.
9.4
Verifying the options to take into account loads in linear and planar elements mesh.(TTAD
#15251)
Test ID: 6215
Test status: Passed
9.4.1
Description
Verifies the options to take into account loads in linear and planar elements mesh.
9.5
9.5.1
Description
Verifies the mesh of a planar concrete element influenced by peak smoothing.
The model consists in a c25/30 concrete planar element and four concrete columns (2 x r20/30, 1 x IPE400, 1 x D40)
and is subjected to self weight and 2 live loads of -20KN respectively -100 KN.
680
10.1.1 Description
Generates wind on a protruding canopy according to NV2009 - French climatic standards.
10.2 NV2009: Generating wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame at 15m height (TTAD #12604)
Test ID: 4567
Test status: Passed
10.2.1 Description
Generates wind loads on a 2 slopes 3D portal frame at 15m height, according to the French standard (NV2009).
10.3 NV2009: Verifying wind and snow reports for a protruding roof (TTAD #11318)
Test ID: 4536
Test status: Passed
10.3.1 Description
Generates wind loads and snow loads according to NV2009 - French climatic standards. Verifies wind and snow
reports for a protruding roof.
10.4 NV2009: generating wind loads and snow loads on a simple structure with planar support
(TTAD #11380)
Test ID: 4091
Test status: Passed
10.4.1 Description
Generates wind loads and snow loads on the windwalls of a concrete structure with a planar support, according to
NV2009 French standards.
The structure has concrete columns and beams (R20*30 cross section and C20/25 material).
682
11 Reports Generator
11.1.1 Description
Generates a report with modal results for a model with seismic actions.
11.2 System stability when the column releases interfere with support restraints (TTAD #10557)
Test ID: 3717
Test status: Passed
11.2.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the systems description report for a structure which has
column releases that interfere with the supports restraints.
The structure consists of steel beams and steel columns (S235 material, HEA550 cross section) with rigid fixed
supports.
11.3 Modal analysis: eigen modes results for a structure with one level
Test ID: 3668
Test status: Passed
11.3.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the "Characteristic values of eigen modes" report.
The one-level structure consists of linear and planar concrete elements with rigid supports. A modal analysis is
defined.
11.4.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and the steel calculation on a structure with four types of connections.
Generates the "Synthetic table by type of connection" report.
The structure consists of linear steel elements (S275) with CE505, IPE450, IPE140 and IPE500 cross section. The
model connections: columns base plates, beam - column fixed connections, beam - beam fixed connections and
gusset plate. Live loads, snow loads and wind loads are applied.
11.5.1 Description
Generates the "Model geometry" report to verify the model properties: total weight, largest structure dimensions,
center of gravity.
684
11.6 Verifying the shape sheet for a steel beam (TTAD #12455)
Test ID: 4535
Test status: Passed
11.6.1 Description
Verifies the shape sheet for a steel beam.
11.7.1 Description
Generates and verifies the shape sheet report.
11.8.1 Description
Verifies the EC2 calculation assumptions report.
11.9 Verifying the Max row on the user table report (TTAD #12512)
Test ID: 4558
Test status: Passed
11.9.1 Description
Verifies the Max row on the user table report.
11.10 Verifying the Min/Max values from the user reports (TTAD# 12231)
Test ID: 4505
Test status: Passed
11.10.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates a user report containing the results of Min/Max values.
11.11 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on the end point of super element)
(TTAD #12230, TTAD #12261)
Test ID: 4503
Test status: Passed
11.11.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on the end point
of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements stresses report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
685
11.12.1Description
Generates the "Steel materials" report as a .txt file.
The model consists of a steel structure with supports and a base plate connection.
11.13 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on each 1/4 of mesh element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4486
Test status: Passed
11.13.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on each 1/4
of mesh element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
11.14 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on end points and middle of
super element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4488
Test status: Passed
11.14.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on end
points and middle of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
11.15.1Description
Generates the "Rules description" report as .rtf and .txt file.
The model consists of a steel structure with supports and a base plate connection. Two rules were defined for the
steel calculation.
11.16 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on the start point of super
element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4490
Test status: Passed
11.16.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on the start
point of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
686
11.17 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on all quarters of super element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4487
Test status: Passed
11.17.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on all
quarters of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
11.18 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on each 1/4 of mesh element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4492
Test status: Passed
11.18.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on each
1/4 of mesh element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
11.19 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on start and end of super
element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4489
Test status: Passed
11.19.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on the start
and end of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
11.20 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on end points and middle of
super element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4494
Test status: Passed
11.20.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on end
points and middle of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
687
11.21 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on the start point of super
element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4496
Test status: Passed
11.21.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on the start
point of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on each 1/4 of mesh element) (TTAD
#12230)
Test ID: 4498
Test status: Passed
11.21.2Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on each 1/4 of
mesh element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements stresses report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
11.22 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on the start point of super element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4502
Test status: Passed
11.22.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on the start point
of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements stresses report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
11.23 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on end points and middle of super
element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4500
Test status: Passed
11.23.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on end points
and middle of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements stresses report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
688
11.24 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on all quarters of super
element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4493
Test status: Passed
11.24.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on all
quarters of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on the end point of super
element) (TTAD #12230, TTAD #12261)
Test ID: 4497
Test status: Passed
11.24.2Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on the end
point of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
11.25 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on start and end of super element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4501
Test status: Passed
11.25.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on start and end
of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements stresses report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
11.26 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements forces result (on the end point of super
element) (TTAD #12230, #12261)
Test ID: 4491
Test status: Passed
11.26.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements forces results on the end
point of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements forces result report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
689
11.27 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements displacements (on start and end of super
element) (TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4495
Test status: Passed
11.27.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements displacements on start
and end of super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements displacements report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
11.28 Verifying the global envelope of linear elements stresses (on all quarters of super element)
(TTAD #12230)
Test ID: 4499
Test status: Passed
11.28.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the global envelope of linear elements stresses on all quarters of
super element by generating the "Global envelope of linear elements stresses report".
The model consists of a concrete portal frame with rigid fixed supports.
11.29.1Description
Verifies the shape sheet strings display for a steel beam with circular hollow cross-section.
11.30.1Description
Generates and verifies the modal analysis report.
11.31.1Description
Verifies the steel shape sheet display when the fire calculation is disabled.
690
12 Seismic Analysis
12.1.1 Description
Verifies the torsors on walls. Eurocode 8 with French Annex is used.
12.2 EC8 French Annex: verifying torsors on grouped walls from a multi-storey concrete structure
Test ID: 4810
Test status: Passed
12.2.1 Description
Verifies torsors on grouped walls from a multi-storey concrete structure. EC8 with French Annex is used.
12.3 EC8: verifying the sum of actions on supports and nodes restraints (TTAD #12706)
Test ID: 4859
Test status: Passed
12.3.1 Description
Verifies the sum of actions on supports and nodes restraints for a simple structure subjected to seismic action
according to EC8 French annex.
12.4 Verifying the damping correction influence over the efforts in supports (TTAD #13011).
Test ID: 4853
Test status: Passed
12.4.1 Description
Verifies the damping correction influence over the efforts in supports. The model has 2 seismic cases. Only one case
uses the damping correction. The seismic spectrum is generated according to the Eurocodes 8 - French standard
(NF EN 1993-1-8/NA).
12.5 Seismic norm PS92: verifying efforts and torsors on planar elements (TTAD #12974)
Test ID: 4858
Test status: Passed
12.5.1 Description
Verifies efforts and torsors on several planar elements of a concrete structure subjected to horizontal seismic action
(according to PS92 norm).
692
12.6 Verifying the spectrum results for EC8 seism (TTAD #12472)
Test ID: 4537
Test status: Passed
12.6.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the "Displacements of linear elements by load case" report for
a concrete beam with rectangular cross section R20*30 with fixed rigid punctual support. Model loads: self weight
and seismic loads according to Eurocodes 8 Romanian standards (SR EN 1998-1/NA).
12.7 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for spectrum with renewed building
option, according to Eurocode EC8 standard (TTAD #14161)
Test ID: 6192
Test status: Passed
12.7.1 Description
Verifies the displacements results of a linear element for spectrum with renewed building option, according to
Eurocode EC8 standard. Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements
by load case and by element reports.
The concrete element (C20/25) has R20*30 cross section and a rigid point support. The loads applied on the
element: self weight and seismic loads for an envelope spectrum.
12.8 EC8 Romanian Annex: verifying action results and torsors per modes on point, linear and
planar supports (TTAD #14840)
Test ID: 5860
Test status: Passed
12.8.1 Description
Verifies action results and torsors per modes on point, linear and planar supports of a simple concrete structure. The
seismic action is generated according to Eurocode 8 norm (Romanian annex).
12.9 EC 8 General Annex: verifying torsors on a 6 storey single concrete core subjected to
horizontal forces and seismic action
Test ID: 6088
Test status: Passed
12.9.1 Description
Verifies torsors on a 6 storey single concrete (C25/30) core subjected to horizontal forces and seismic action. The
calculation spectrum is generated considering Eurocode 8 General Annex rules. The walls describing the core are
grouped at each level.
693
12.10 EC8 French Annex: verifying seismic results when a design spectrum is used (TTAD #13778)
Test ID: 5425
Test status: Passed
12.10.1Description
Verifies the seismic results according to EC8 French Annex for a single bay single story structure made of concrete.
12.11 EC8 French Annex: verifying torsors on walls, elastic linear supports and user-defined section
cuts (TTAD #14460)
Test ID: 5861
Test status: Passed
12.11.1Description
Verifies torsors on walls, elastic linear supports and user-defined section cuts for a concrete structure which is
subjected to seismic action defined according Eurocode 8 norm (French annex).
12.12 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to
Romanian EC8 appendix (DEV2013 #8.2)
Test ID: 5601
Test status: Passed
12.12.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to Romanian EC8 appendix. Performs the
finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements by load case and by element reports.
The concrete element (C20/25) has R20*30 cross section and a rigid point support. The loads applied on the
element: self weight and seismic loads for an envelope spectrum.
12.13 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to
Eurocode EC8 standard (DEV2013 #8.2)
Test ID: 5600
Test status: Passed
12.13.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to Eurocode EC8 standard. Performs the
finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements by load case and by element reports.
The concrete element (C20/25) has R20*30 cross section and a rigid point support. The loads applied on the
element: self weight and seismic loads for an envelope spectrum.
694
12.14 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to
Marocco seismic standards (RPS 2011) (DEV2013 #8.2)
Test ID: 5598
Test status: Passed
12.14.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to Marocco seismic standard. Performs the
finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements by load case and by element reports.
The concrete element (C20/25) has R20*30 cross section and a rigid point support. The loads applied on the
element: self weight and seismic loads for an envelope spectrum (RPS 2011).
12.15 EC8 Fr Annex: Generating forces results per modes on linear and planar elements (TTAD
#13797)
Test ID: 5455
Test status: Passed
12.15.1Description
Generates reports with forces results per modes on a selection of elements (linear and planar elements) from a
concrete structure subjected to seismic action (EC8 French Annex).
12.16 Verifying seismic efforts on planar elements with Q4 and T3-Q4 mesh type (TTAD #14244)
Test ID: 5492
Test status: Passed
12.16.1Description
Generates seismic results on planar element meshed with T3-Q4 mesh type and only Q4 mesh type.
12.17 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element according to Marocco seismic
standards (RPS 2011) (DEV2013 #3.6)
Test ID: 5597
Test status: Passed
12.17.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to Marocco seismic standard. Performs the
finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements by load case and by element reports.
The concrete element (C20/25) has R20*30 cross section and a rigid point support. The loads applied on the
element: self weight and seismic loads (RPS 2011).
695
12.18 Verifying the displacements results of a linear element for an envelope spectrum according to
French PS92/100 standard (DEV2013 #8.2)
Test ID: 5599
Test status: Passed
12.18.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to French PS92/100 standard. Performs the
finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements by load case and by element reports.
The concrete element (C20/25) has R20*30 cross section and a rigid point support. The loads applied on the
element: self weight and seismic loads for an envelope spectrum.
12.18.2Description
Verifies the displacements results of a vertical linear element according to Algerian seismic standard. Performs the
finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements by load case and by element reports.
The concrete element (C20/25) has R20*30 cross section and a rigid point support. The loads applied on the
element: self weight and seismic loads (RPA 99/2003).
12.20 EC8 : Verifying the displacements results of a linear element according to Czech seismic
standards (CSN EN 1998-1) (DEV2012 #3.18)
Test ID: 3626
Test status: Passed
12.19.1Description
Verifies the displacements results of an inclined linear element according to Eurocodes 8 Czech standard. Performs
the finite elements calculation and generates the displacements of linear elements by load case and by element
reports.
The concrete element (C20/25) has R20*30 cross section and a rigid point support. The loads applied on the
element: self weight and seismic loads (CSN EN 1998-1).
12.21 Verifying the spectrum results for EC8 seism (TTAD #11478)
Test ID: 3703
Test status: Passed
12.20.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the "Displacements of linear elements by load case" report for
a concrete beam with rectangular cross section R20*30 with fixed rigid punctual support. Model loads: self weight
and seismic loads according to Eurocodes 8 French standards.
696
12.22 Verifying signed concomitant linear elements envelopes on Fx report (TTAD #11517)
Test ID: 3576
Test status: Passed
12.21.1Description
Performs the finite elements calculation on a concrete structure. Generates the "Signed concomitant linear elements
envelopes on Fx report".
The structure has concrete beams and columns, two concrete walls and a windwall. Loads applied on the structure:
self weight and a planar live load of -40.00 kN.
12.23 EC8: Verifying earthquake description report in analysis with Z axis down. (TTAD #15095)
Test ID: 6207
Test status: Passed
12.22.1Description
Verifying earthquake description report in analysis with Z axis down, according to the Eurocodes EC8 standard.
12.23.1Description
Generates a dead load case, two live load cases and a snow load case, defines the concomitance between the
generated load cases and generates the combinations description report.
697
031516-0409-0622