Dynamic Well Control

Drillbench Dynamic Well Control
History
Multiphase flow model
Model originates from Rogaland Research
Modeling has been supported by extensive verification work with
fullscale data; both experiments and real wells
Continuous development by Schlumberger Integrated Solutions
(SIS)
Copyright 2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved
Dynamic Well Control

Kick Circulation
Kick Tolerance
Kill Sheet
Dynamic Well Control Module

Model provides details on :
Kick Circulation
Circulating pressures
Bottom Hole Pressures
Casing Shoe Pressures
Gas volumes
Gas in solution and when the gas breaks out
Choke Line Pressures
Kick tolerance
3
Type of Kick
Kick while drilling
Pore Pressure > ECD
Formation pore pressure is higher than the dynamic bottomhole pressure
Kick during connections/pumps off

ECD > Pore Pressure > ESD
Formation pore pressure is lower than the dynamic bottomhole pressure, but higher than the
static bottomhole pressure
Swab kick
ESD > Pore Pressure
Formation pore pressure is lower than the static bottomhole pressure
Circulating the Kick

2 method:
Drillers Method
Wait & Weight Method
Dynamic Well Control - Model Basic

Dynamic model
A kick enters the well

The well is closed in and well pressures stabilises
The kick is circulated out
A heavy kill mud is placed into the well
Conservation of mass and total momentum
Mud
Free gas
Dissolved gas
Formation oil
Equation set is solved by a finite difference technique with

A set of sub models for physical properties
Boundary conditions defined for various modes
Circulation
Closed in well
6
Kick Tolerance
The maximum volume of influx that can be circulated out without breaking down the weakest
formation (Presumed to be at the last casing shoe, if no other information is available).
SLB IPM Standards
Kick Tolerance Consideration
Kick Tolerance Consideration
10
Dynamic Kick Tolerance
A dynamic model will disperse a

kick over a much longer section of
the annulus whilst drilling as
circulation continues.
The dynamic model also accounts
for absorption of the gas into any
oil based fluid systems.
Dynamic
Kick
Tolerance
Calculations result in a more
realistic design and allows casing
setting depths to be optimized.
11

Kick Tolerance for 14-3/4" hole at 2215m MDDF (drilled kick)
6500
ECD at TD of Section (psi)
LOT Equivalent Pressure (psi)
Mud Weight in use (ppg)
6400
Dynamic Kick Tolerance (psi)

Kick Tolerance Single Bubble Model (psi)
6300
Pressures (psi)
LOT 16.50 ppg

6200
6100
ECD 15.91 ppg

6000
5900
Mud Weight 15.50 ppg
5800
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Kick Size (bbl)
Dynamic Kick Tolerance Calculations result in a flatter line for volumes allowing larger kick
volumes to be controlled.
12
Dynamic Kick Tolerance Calculations result in a flatter line for volumes allowing larger kick
volumes to be controlled.
13
Dynamic Simulations
In well control
simulations we provide
the simulator which
gives you a dynamic kill
sheet and it allows to
look at the possible
scenarios in minutes.
Whilst the well is being
killed results of
pressures and flow
rates can be followed
using the simulator.
14
Facts to remember:
Concentration depends on operation drilling will give a more
distributed kick than if it is swabbed in
Influx rate
Mud circulation rate
Gas dissolution process is transient

The conditions in HPHT wells are far above critical point
One phase
Infinite solubility
15
Pressure Losses
Frictional pressure drop
Laminar and turbulent flow
Rheology models
Pressure loss
Flow area changes
BHA / Bit
Choke valve / choke line
Two-phase flow
16
16
Geometry
17
17
Geometry
18
18
Geometry
19
19
Geometry
20
20
Surface Equipment
Delay: The time it takes to initiate the

closure/shutdown of a unit. Human
factor.
Duration: The time it takes to for the

unit to close/shutdown. Mechanical
factor.
21
21
Kick Detection Evaluation
22
22
Reservoir Influx Model

Two Model:
Reservoir Model
Constant Influx
Model
23
Reservoir Model vs. Constant Influx
24
24
Choke Pressure During Kill

Comparison among different scenarios.
Methane
WBM
Gas Breakout
Methane OBM
Black Oil
OBM
25
25
Exercise
Setting up Input file
and do calculation
26
PVT Models
Black Oil
Correlations (several) model gas & liquid
Not very accurate
May not be valid for HPHT conditions
Compositional
Base oil composition
Predefined alternatives
Measured data
Reservoir fluid composition
Predefined influx alternatives

Measured data
Equation of State
Physical modeling
Measured Data (Tabular)

Accurate
Data is often unavailable
Predefined or custom fluid composition

27
PVT Models
How to select the most appropiate one?
Black Oil
A system with liquid and gas where the composition of the liquid and the gas phase is the
same. You have one phase envelope describing the transition/equilibrium point.
Gas/multiphase/oil regions. The important part is that the compositions does not change and
even if more gas is released as free, the remaining oil has the same composition.
Compositional
In principle one phase transition curve for each component. You are referring to an equilibrium
constant for transition between phases for each component.
Note:
Compositional is to be used as default setting as all calculations will be done based on the Equation of
State while Black Oil is based on measurements of PVT properties at low to moderate pressures and
temperatures and to extrapolate to HPHT conditions is not recommended.
28
Degasser Input
29
29
Verification
Experimental work at Rogaland Research
Full scale research drilling rig
Laboratory tests
Tested a large number of HPHT muds

Field muds
Base fluids
Various fluid compositions
Max pressure 1500 bar

Max temperature 220 C
Measured
30
Compressibility
Thermal expansion
Rheology
Solubility of gas
30
Verification
145
P r e ssure (b a r)
Pressure [bar]
150
Pressure
140
135
Simulated
130
Measured
125
0
10
20
30
in )
50
60
70
Time (min)
2000
1500
Simulated
Measured
F lo w o u t (l /
Flow out [l/min]
40
1000
Flow
500
0
0
31
10
20
30
Time (min)
31
Applications
All wells
Kick tolerance
Casing design
Setting depths
Pressure
Surface capacity
Well control procedures
Post analysis
Education / training
32
32

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Drillbench Dynamic Well Control

Copyright 2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved

Copyright 2001-2012 NExT. All rights reserved