1) Domestic (communal) organic waste: Organic waste means

separate collected fruit and vegetable wastes, flower soil, flowers,

eggshells, coffee and tee filters and other organic leftovers. The
percentage of dry matter varies between 10 and 30 %.
2) Liquid or solid manure: Liquid or solid manure from animal farming is one
of the main substrates for the digestion process. Cow manure is best, whereas
chicken manure for example has a high output, but might contain sand. The dry
matter of solid manure varies between 15 and 30% and of liquid manure between
5 and 7 %.
3) Energy crops: Energy crops are primarily cultivated on otherwise
disused fields, such as corn, Sudan grass, millet, white sweet-clover.

Percentage of waste per household: The waste composition analysis

indicates that the highest waste fraction is organic matter(66%), followed by
plastics (12%), paper and paper products (9%), others (5%), and glass
(3%). Metal, textiles, and rubber and leather each accounted for 2% or less.
The high organic
content indicates a need for frequent collection and removal, as well as good
prospects for
organic waste resource recovery. The content of major reusable and
recyclable materials (i.e.,
plastic, paper and paper products, metal, glass, rubber and leather, and
textiles) comprised
29% on average.

TRANSPORTATION

1)

Geography

Nepal is a country which lies between the southern part of the Himalayas,
bordering with India in the south and China in the north. There are three
main ecological regions in this country, including The Terai region, The MidHill region and The Mountain regions. (Geography, 2012)

Sandikhola village is located in the Gorkha district which is approximately

82km northwest from the capital of Kathmundu and around 16km southeast
from the great city of Gorkha. It is also possible to access this village from
either Kurintar (about 8km from northeast) or Bharatpur (approximately
42km from northeast.

II.

Transportation in Nepal

There are several means of transport in Nepal, including car and motorcycle,
bus and tram, taxi and airplane. (Getting around, 2012)

In Nepal, tourists cannot rent a car to drive by themselves, but they can
easily rent a car with a driver, with a cost at around US$50 per day. In
addition, motorcycle can be rented in Kathmandu and Pokhara for around Rs
450 per day.

In terms of train, there are two train lines from Janakpur, but only the service
east to Jaynagar over the Indian border carries passenger traffic. They're
narrow-gauge trains and very slow. However, there is not any train station in
Sandikhola

Nepal has a fairly extensive domestic air network, served by half a dozen
airlines. Residents and Nepali citizens pay approximately 35% of the tourist
price for domestic air fares. Likely train, there is no route to Sandikhola by
airplane.

Buses are the main form of public transport in Nepal and in relative terms
they're incredibly cheap. Very often they're also incredibly uncomfortable.
They run pretty much everywhere and will stop for anyone. Tourists can jump
on local buses anywhere.

Larger towns such as Kathmandu and Pokhara have taxis which, between a
group of people, can be a good way to explore the Kathmandu Valley. Taxi
meters are sometimes out of date, in which case tourists will be hard pushed
to convince drivers to use them (with or without a surcharge) and will almost
certainly have to negotiate the fare in advance.

III.

Transport in Sandikhola

In Sandikhola, the roads are compacted and walkways are either made out of
stone or compacted earth. Sandikhola is accessible by road, however the
road conditions create significant transportation challenges, especially during
the rainy season. The road is shared two-ways by vehicles and livestock and
extremely steep and narrow.
One can access the community by public transportation by taking two
different local buses and a walking bridge (~6 hours from the major city of
Bharatpur) or one local bus and walking (~1/2 hour bus ride and 6-7 hour
walk from Bharatpur if there is a strike). Strikes, or bandhs, are common in
Nepal and most services such as transportation will cease to run for the
duration of the strike.
The rainy season causes many road problems such as landslides and road
bridges being washed out. Sheep, goats, mules and yaks are all used to
transport goods to the hill and plain areas. Currently animal and human
waste is a problem, as there are large amounts of manure on the roads.
Manual labour is also readily used and is a common option when vehicles can
be used. Children will often walk between 1 3 hours a day to the
community for school (grades 1-3), depending on what neighbouring village.
There is another school (grades 4-10) 1-hour walk roundtrip that provides
additional education for villages in the area. There are many walking bridges
in the region and there is a over-river pulley system that is effective when
needing to transport good into Sandikhola from areas separated by rivers,
such as Bharatpur.

Collection of solid waste for biogas production:

Houses will be provided with waste collection sacks to collect organic waste.
The villagers will dump any waste food products into these sacks provided.
The collected waste will be carried to the biogas tank where the waste will be
dumped.

Collection and use of slurry:

After the organic waste has been converted into slurry the slurry will be
collected into buckets and used as manure for crops. It can be applied
directly to plants without any other methods saving time, making the biogas
production environment friendly.