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Name
NPM
: 1506789215
Faculty
: Faculty of Engineering
Major
: Civil Engineering
Experiment
Experiment Code
: KR-01
Experiment Week
: IV
Group
: 15
1. Experiment Objective
To use hot wire as a sensor of air flow velocity.
2. Theory
Single normal probe is a type of hotwire that most commonly used as a sensor to
give the information of flow velocity from axial direction only. A probe like this is made of
a single metal soft wire that combines at 2 steel wires. Each edge of the probe is connected
to a voltage source. Electricity energy that flows in that probe will dissipate by the wire to
become heat energy. The amount of electricity energy which has been dissipated is
comparable with voltage, electricity flow that flows in that probe and the amount of time of
the electricity flows.
P = v i t......... (1)
If the probe blew by air, then it will change the value of wire resistance so it will
change the amount of electricity that flows. The faster the air velocity that flows, the bigger
value of resistance change and the electricity that flows will change too.
The sum of heat movements accepted by the probe is state by overheat ration that
formulated by:
Hot wire probe must has been calibrated to determine the equation that state the
relation of wire voltage (E) with reference velocity (U) after the equation is obtained, then
the information of velocity in every experiment can be evaluated by using that equation.
The equation that we get is formed in linear equation and polynomial equation.
Hot wire probe must has been calibrated to determine the equation that state the
relation of wire voltage (E) with reference velocity (U) after the equation is obtained, then
the information of velocity in every experiment can be evaluated by using that equation.
The equation that we get is formed in linear equation and polynomial equation.
3. Equipment
1. Hotwire
2. Fan
3. Voltmeter and Ampere meter
4. Adjustable power supply
5. Video Recorder
6. Unit PC with DAQ and automatic controlling ware
4. Experiment Procedure
The R-lab experiment can be doing by click the R-lab button below the experiment
module, and with the data taken:
1. This rLab experiment can be done by clicking the rLab button in the bottom site of link.
2. Activating the web cam (click the video icon in the rLab website).
3. Adding the air flow with the 0m/s velocity, with clicking the option drop down in the
icon atur kecepatan aliran.
4. Turning on the fan by clicking the radio button in the icon menghidupkan power supply
kipas.
5. Measuring the voltage and the electrical flow in the hot wire by clicking the ukur icon.
6. Repeating the second step until the fourth step for the velocity of 70 m/s, 110 m/s, 150
m/s, 190 m/s and 230 m/s.
V. Observation Data
a.Velocity of air flow 0 m/s
2.112
54.4
2.112
54.4
2.112
54.4
2.112
54.3
2.112
54.1
2.112
54.0
2.112
53.9
2.111
53.9
2.111
54.0
10
10
2.112
54.1
70
2.094
54.7
70
2.095
54.2
70
2.096
54.0
70
2.097
54.1
70
2.096
54.4
70
2.095
54.8
70
2.096
54.5
70
2.096
54.1
70
2.095
54.0
10
10
70
2.095
54.1
110
2.082
54.5
110
2.083
54.3
110
2.082
54.1
110
2.082
54.1
110
2.082
54.2
110
2.082
54.3
110
2.082
54.4
110
2.081
54.6
110
2.082
54.8
10
10
110
2.081
54.9
150
2.075
54.5
150
2.074
54.3
150
2.075
54.2
150
2.075
54.2
150
2.074
54.4
150
2.074
54.7
150
2.074
55.0
150
2.074
55.1
150
2.074
55.0
10
10
150
2.074
54.6
190
2.069
54.5
190
2.070
54.2
190
2.070
54.3
190
2.070
54.6
190
2.070
55.0
190
2.070
55.2
190
2.070
55.0
190
2.070
54.6
190
2.070
54.3
10
10
190
2.070
54.2
230
2.068
55.2
230
2.068
55.1
230
2.067
54.9
230
2.067
54.6
230
2.068
54.3
230
2.067
54.3
230
2.067
54.4
230
2.067
54.7
230
2.067
55.0
8
9
10
10
230
2.067
55.2
a. Graphing the relation of hot wire (x-axis) with every velocity of air flow (yaxis), because of limited time for doing experiment through RLab so we got this
two graph.
b. Graphing the relation between voltage with the air velocity, From the graph
above we can calculate the average voltage:
2.111,8
70
2.095,5
110
2.081,9
150
2.074,3
190
2.069,9
230
2.067.3
Average Voltage
2.07
2.06
2.05
2.04
2.03
0
50
100
150
200
250
c. We can find the wind speed equation using the least square method
The equation of airflow velocity as the function of hotwire voltage using the
smallest square power, whereas y = a + bx
Y= Voltage
X= Airflow Velocity
a = xi2 y x xy / n x2 (x)2
a = 128500 12.500 750 1555.599/ 6 128500 562500 = 2.1654
b = n xy x y / n x2 - (x) 2
b= 6 1527.599 750 12.500/ 6 128500 562500 = - 1, 00624
From above, we can find the equation between airflow as a function from hot-wire
voltage is:
Y= a + bX
Y= 2,1654 1,00624X
7. Data Analysis
The experiment using hot wire as a sensor of air flow velocity. Furhermore, the
purpose of this experiment is to prove that the hot wire could be use as the sensor of air
velocity. The data for the lab are collected through RLab online in given time. By choosing
0m/s, 70m/s, 110m/s, 150m/s, 190ms and 230m/s, the experiment was proceed in
simulation. The fastest being was 230m/s. On the other hand, when the fan is not turned on,
a large current and voltage wont be affected by the speed of the fan, therefore the electrical
current is not disturbed by any resistance. The theory goes perpendicular way; as the air
acted as a resistance, the less airflow there is, the less disturbed the flow of voltage will be;
and the faster airflow there is, the voltage would be disturbed and resisted to flow as
fluently as is should be. This made the voltage electrical current higher than the ones that
are tested with faster airflow velocity.
The experiment is fundamentally executed to discern how the time had put affect to
the voltage that was on the hot wire at a certain given speed, also to discern how time
impacted the average tension within the wire. The tension in the wire would be able to yield
electricity that will be dispersed by the wire turning into heat energy, hence precipitating
hotter wire. This heat precipitated will be used to maintain a constant sensor temperature in
order to calculate the wind speed in the experiment.
8. Error Analysis
In the RLab, there are some mistakes that can cause errors or inaccuracies in the
measurement error include:
1. Calibration of measuring instruments which in this case using hot wire, is not an
optimal sensor catcher, so the heat is not working optimally.
2. R-Lab facility that shows streaming video camcorder isnworking
9. Conclusion
The purpose of our experiment has reached which is to use hot wire as a sensor of
air flow velocity. This experiment had identified the perpendicular theory regarding to the
interconnection between air speed and hot wire voltage values.
We could measure the velocity of air by this hot wire experiments, where the higher
the velocity of the air flows, the smaller power of the hot wire become.
At the end, it was calculated that the resulting equation of the graph of airflow
velocity to the voltage that is Y= 2,1654 1,00624X. The ratio between the powers that
emit by the hot wire with the air velocity per time unit is directly disproportional.
Thus, we can determine that we can use hot wire as a sensor for air flow velocity.
10. References
Giancoli, D.C.; Physics for Scientists & Engineers, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, NJ,
2000.
Halliday, Resnick, Walker; Fundamentals of Physics, 7th Edition, Extended
Edition,John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NJ, 2005.