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Ethics Basics and 2013 Question

Ethics-Every living being do action but sense of right or wrong arises only in case of human
being..A lion kills an anima ,its OK .A person died in natural accident(like earthquake) its not
right or wrong, but a person killed by another person it may be right or wrong depending on
prevailing circumstances and position of person.
If a policeman kills a terrorist its right ,a terrorist kills an innocent its wrong .So this Sense
of Right or wrong in human interface or a prescription of right or wrong is called
Ethics.

Technical Definition-A well based standards of right and wrong that prescribe what
human ought to do ,usually in terms of duties ,principles ,or specific virtues.
Some basic definition
Duty-Behaviour expected of person who occupy certain positions.
Principles-Fundamental truths that form basis for behaviour.
Virtues-Moral goodness
To perform right action different approaches have been emphasised some of these are(in
short)

1.Duty Based- If a person fulfils his duties and in this course actions taken are considered
ethically right ..Some duties of public servant are
1) Put the public interest over personal interest .
2) Obligation to hierarchy.
3) Commitment to serve and to procedural fairness.
4) Fiduciary responsibility(best possible utilisation of resource no corruption)etc

2. Virtue Based-A virtuous man always follows right path


Virtuous man -who voluntarily adhere to moral good and follows abstention from
wrong doing or vice ( e.g -Gandhiji always did right things)

3. Principle Based-Test of ethical action depends on the fact that certain fundamental
principles are followed or violated .These principles include1. Principle of lawfulness .
2. Principle of fidelity.

3. Principle of autonomy .
4. Principle of doing no harm.

3. Consequence based-The rightfulness of action depends on its consequences .End


justify means .e.g-if doctor tells lie to save life its right .As Chanakya says a man should
scarify himself for family or a family or even a village can be sacrified for nation.

Human Values-For peaceful coexistence in society we have to follow certain conduct or


we try to achieve certain ideal goals that we called human values. Lets simplify .Some ideal
conduct like democracy ,humility ,integrity .If we follow them or try to achieve them then we
can ensure a peaceful human life thats why these are called Human Values. Some values are
Democratic values

Bureaucratic Values

-Rule of law

-Hierarchical obligation

-Neutrality

-Technical competence

-Accountability

-Impersonality

-Loyalty

-Impartiality

Professional Values

Ethical Values

-Efficiency

-Integrity

-Leadership

-Fairness

-Quality

-Respect

Difference between ethics and values


Values are universally acceptable Ethical conduct depends on circumstances and position

Main 2013 Questions


Q) It is often said that politics and ethics do not go together .What is your opinion in
this regard? Justify your answer with illustrations.
Ans-Continuously degrading nature of politics and use of unethical means like money and
muscle power to acquire power are raising a pertinent question Can politics and ethics go
together or not?.
The ultimate goal of politics is the welfare of society by focusing on who should get what
and how .This divine goal can be pursued while following ethical principles like Principle
of lawfulness and doing no harm.

In pre independence India Gandhian politics was ethical politics .He and his colleagues
followed moral virtues and ethical principles . Similarly in post independent time Nehruji and
Shashtriji tried to satisfy needs and aspirations of the people without indulging in unethical
conducts.At world level Mandela and others are alsso known for their clean and ethical
politics.
We can ensure ethical politics with the help of awareness among the citizens and complete
overhaul of the political system starting with electoral reforms .It is necessary to enhance
active participation of all the sections of society including women and downtrodden .
(Kejriwals famous dialogue Politics to Shashtriji ne ki thi ye log to dalali kar rahe h - -joke)
Q) Some people feel that values keep changing with time and situation .While others
believe that there are certain universal and eternal Human values .Five your perception
in this regard with due justification .
Values are for wellbeing of people and they do not change with time.
With change of time and situation needs and aspirations of human beings are changed .So the
form ,appearance ,degree and manner of pursuance of values can change but the values
themselves do not.
Democracy will remain democracy, always emphasising on participation of the people .Its
form like Direct Democracy ,Representative Democracy etc can change according to
situation but not democracy itself .Arab countries, like Iraq, also called themselves as
democratic country but how they follow (actually don't follow)it is different.
Leadership is a professional value that remain as it is but Hitlar was also a leader and Gandhi
too.
But type of leadership was totally different one was autocratic and other was democratic.
Degree ,form of values can change and overall impact too but values not

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