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APPROVAL SHEET
Title
By
: Gilang Aditya
Name of Training
E&P Indonesie
Approved by :
Advisor,
English Corrector,
( Totok Widiyanto )
NIP 196704201994031001
Course Leader,
PREFACE
All praise and gratitude for the presence of GOD Almighty who has
given of gifts and blessings, so that Paper entitled "Centrifugal Compressor
System" can be finished. Composing this paper is one part of a whole series of
activities held by Total E & P Indonesie on education and training programs
Operator Training Program Batch 4 held in Cepu Oil and Gas PUSDIKLAT
which took place on January 12, 2015 until July 14, 2015.On this occasion, I
would like to thank :
1. The father, mother, sister and my big family who have given prayers,
motivation and spirit for me.
2. The Management of Total E & P Indonesie.
3. The Management of Radiant Utama Interinsco, Tbk.
4. Leaders PUSDIKLAT Cepu Oil and Gas.
5. Course leader Rinto Parnaedy A.Md.
6. Adviser, Totok Widiyanto.
7. English Corrector, Luita yusniawati D, S.Pd.
8. All Lecturers and Employees PUSDIKLAT Cepu Oil and Gas.
9. All OTP 4 friends who always gives spirit and togetherness.
Given the limited time and the preparation of my knowledge, all the criticism
And suggestions for improvement Individual Working Paper is highly expected.
Hopefully this paper can be useful for me in particular and for the general
reader.
Cepu, juli 2015
Gilang Aditya
ABSTRACT
of
pump
is
absolutely
needed.
Oil
moving
can
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET i
PREFACE
ii
ABSTRACT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1Background
1.2 Objectives
3
3
14
15
16
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
23
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
18
25
26
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Positive Displacement Pump.................................................................3
Figure 2 Non Positive Displacement Pump.........................................................4
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
I.1 Background
Pumps are equipment that is widely used in oil and gas company, to
support a process and to transfer a liquid through the pipeline. There are many
kinds of pumps types available. A centrifugal pump is the most common used
than other. Several reasons of a centrifugal pump to become mostly used in oil
and gas company are:
Objectives
I.3
Scope of Discussion
Writing System
This
chapter
explains
about
the
CHAPTER II
BASIC TEORY
II.1
Definition of Pump
Pump is a rotating machine that is used to move liquid from one
palce to another place through a media of pipe (pipe line) by increasing
energy inside the liquid that is moved and happens continuously.
Centrifugal pump is a kind of pump which works by changing the
kinetic energy (velocity) of the liquid into potential energy (pressure) by
the casing shape (volute) or diffuser.
II.2
Classification of Pump
II.3
II.4
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
II.5
a. Based on flow
Axial Flow
Radial Flow
Mixed Flow
Based on stage
Single Stage
Multi stage
Based on suction side of impeller
Single Suction
Double Suction
Based on shaft position
Horizontal Shaft
Vertical Shaft
Based orientation of case-split
Axial Split
Radial Split
Based on bearing support
Overhung
Between Bearing
a.
b.
The general components, both stationary and rotary, are depicted in Figure
Pump Animation. The main components are discussed in brief below. Figure
Pump in the field shows these parts on a photograph of a pump in the field.
Figure
Figure 45 Pump
Pump Animation
Animation
Figure 7 Casing
c. Diffuser
Diffuser used for regulate flow of liquid to volute space (for single stage) , or to
next stage (for multistage pump), and change kinetic energy into potential
energy.
Figure 8 Diffuser
d. Stuffing Box
Stuffing Box serves to prevent leaks in the area where the shaft penetrates the
pump casing.
e. Wearing ring
Wearing ring is mounted in casing and impeller. The main function is to
decreasing the leakage of liquid through the front and behind impeller.It works
by decreasing the clearance between casing and impeller.This ring is relatively
economically because it could replaced with the new one or repaired when it is
broken.
10
11
3) Closed Impeller
From the impeller hub, the vanes radial extends with cover plates.The
vanes between two plate are joined as one units.This impeller has better
efficiencies than the other types and suitable for pumping clean liquid or that
containing a few scales.
12
b. Shaft
Shaft has several function ,such as:
1) To forward torque of the prime mover for the pump operates.
2) Continuing power of the motor.
3) As mounting all rotating components
c. Shaft Sleeve
The function of shaft sleeve,there are:
1)
To protect the shaft from erosion , corrosion,wear and tear on the stuffing
box.
2)
d. Bearing
The function of the bearing of a centrifugal pump are:
1) To support the shaft carrying one more impellers.
2) To allow the shaft to rotate with a minimum of friction.
13
within
the
stationary
parts
of
the
pump.Pump bearings can be devided into two basic types: Sleeve and shell
bearings, and ball and roller bearings.
II.6
System in Centrigugal
Pump
II.6.1 Lubrication System
Forced circulation
II.7
Static seal
Dynamic
throughput.
Low investment and maintenance cost for high capacity pumping.
15
16
CHAPTER III
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
III.1 Operation
All provision to operate the could follow the instruction from pump the
manufactured or from the SOP (Standard operating Procedure) which is made
based on the condition of operation.
Incorrect operation of centrifugal pump could result pump damage
downtime and avoidable repair work. There are several step in procedure to
operate the centrifugal pump:
a.
b.
c.
d.
17
speed then increase slowly until its reaches the normal speed.
Wait for a while until it reaches normal pressure.
Open the discharge valve slowly until normal condition operation.
Check the critical part.
If there is an abnormal condition like sound or vibration, stop the prime
mover then check again for troubleshooting.
18
19
III.2 Maintenance
Maintenance is the act of the maintaining or the state of being maintained and
to keep something in proper condition. It is very important to prevent serious
damage from the operation of pump, a good maintenance could detect
abnormal condition early to avoid further damage. The purposes of
maintenance are :
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
21
b. Monthly inspection.
1) Check the bearing temperature and check the temperature that is required, if
any trouble occurs, check them immediately.
2) Check the alignment between the pump shaft and the motor shaft.
c. 3- Monthly inspection
1) Oil change in the stuffing box, bearings.
2) Grease inspection (should be changed if worsen)
3) Check and maintain wearing ring impeller tolerance with ring casing.
d. 6- Monthly inspection
1) Check packing and shaft sleeve, if there is a scratch because of wearing out,
packing and shaft sleeve should be changed.
2) Check condition between pump shaft and prime mover shaft. If the
alignment shows deviation out of specification, it should be realigned.
e. Annually inspection
22
23
allow the
machine to run to failure and only repair or replace damage equipment just
before the equipment comes to a complete stop.Breakdown condition is the
maximum of engine operation limit. According to production and efficiency
demand, the breakdown maintenance is not longer chosen. Time frame of
production process that causes unavailable device will make product quality
decreasing.
24
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
Centrifugal pump is one of the equipment that is usually used in oil and
gas company. Its purpose is to move the liquid from one place to other place.
The principal work of centrifugal pump is to convert energy of a prime mover (a
electric motor or turbine) first into velocity or kinetic energy and then into
pressure energy of a fluid that is being pumped. The energy energy changes
occur by virtue of two main parts of the pump. They are the impeller and the
volute or diffuser. The impeller is the rotating part that converts fluid energy into
25
REFERENCES
26
27