SERANGOON JUNIOR COLLEGE

2015 JC1 H1 CHEMISTRY (8872)

LECTURE TEST 3 Chemical Bonding
NAME:___________________________

CG:__________

DATE:______________

TUTOR: ______________________

DURATION: 40 minutes

Questions

MCQs

Total

Grade

Marks
7

20

Section A
1.

Sulfur has molecules in various oxidation states, examples

sulfur difluoride, SF2, sulfur tetrafluoride, SF4 and sulfur hexafluoride, SF6.

(a)

Draw the Lewis structures for SF4 and SF6, stating their respective bond angles and shapes.
[4]

F
S
F

which

are

F
F

F
F

Diagram:
Shape: See-Saw / distorted tetrahedral
Bond angle: <120 (equatorial) , 90(axial)
(b)

of

Diagram:
Shape: Octahedral
Bond Angle: 90

State and explain the polarity SF4.

[2]
SF4 is polar
The dipole moments do not cancel off.
There is a net dipole moment

(c)

SF2 reacts readily with F2 to give SF4 but OF2 is unable to react with F2 to form OF4. Explain
why.
[1]
O is in Period 2 and no energetically accessible vacant d orbitals are available to
accommodate more than eight electrons hence OF6 cannot be formed.
OR
S is in Period 3 and can expand octet due to the availability of vacant, energetically
accessible d orbitals hence SF6 can exist.
Total 7 marks
1

2.

The following set of data was derived for compounds DClx and ECly.
Compound
DClx
ECly

(a)

Boiling Point
(C)
1443
76.8

Solubility in water
(g per 100 g)
57
0.05

Solubility in benzene
(g per 100 g)
0.063
95

Explain, in terms of structures and bonding, the difference in boiling points between DClx
and ECly.
[3]
DClx has a giant ionic structure and ECly has a simple molecular structure.
DClx has a higher melting point than ECly as more energy is required to break the
stronger ionic bonds between the ions in DClx as compared to the weaker
intermolecular instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions in ECly.

(b) Explain, in terms of structures and bonding, the difference in solubility in water between
DClx and ECly.
[2]
DClx can form favourable ion-dipole interactions with water and this releases energy
to break the giant ionic lattice structure for hydration to occur. Hence DCl2 is soluble in
water.
For ECly, no favourable interactions can be formed as the weaker intermolecular
instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions in solute are not able to displace
the stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds in water.
Total 5 marks

(a)

The mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by Abraham
Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Ancient Greek "to draw/write", for its use in pencils,
unlike diamond, graphite is an electrical conductor. Comment, with reasons, the
electrical conductivity of graphite.
[1]
Good conductor of electricity parallel to the layers
Non-bonding valence electrons of the carbon atoms are mobile along layers to conduct
electricity. Presence of delocalised electrons as mobile charge carriers to conduct
electricity.

(b) Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. It is a
colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell and is soluble in water.
Explain, with an aid of a diagram, how ammonia is soluble in water.
[2]

+
H
+
O
H
H
H N
+
+

H
+

+
H
O
H
+

To show:
1 molecule of concern and 2 molecules
of water
Hydrogen bonds, lone pair of electrons,
dipoles

Ammonia is soluble in water as it can form favourable intermolecular hydrogen

bonds with water molecules.

Ammonia reacts with hydrogen chloride (HCl) to form a giant ionic compound,
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).
Draw the dot-and-cross diagram for ammonium chloride.
[2]

Total 5 marks
Section B: MCQs
4

When barium metal burns in oxygen, the ionic compound barium peroxide, BaO2, is formed.
Which dot-and-cross diagram represents the electronic structure of the peroxide anion in
BaO2?
Key:

Ans: D
Peroxide anion: O22Since the charge is -2, there must be two extra electrons that comes from Ba. Therefore, Option B
and C is wrong. A is wrong because that dot and cross is for O2- not O22-.
3

In which sequences are the molecules quoted in order of decreasing boiling points?

,
B

AlBr3, AlCl3, AlF3

SO2, SiO2, CO2

H2O, NH3, HF

Ans: A
A: The more branched the compound, the lower the boiling point.
B: AlBr3, AlCl3 are both simple molecular structures. AlBr3 has higher boiling point than AlCl3
because there are more electrons. AlF3 has giant ionic structure and hence has the highest boiling
point.
C: SiO2 has giant molecular structure and hence has the highest boiling point.
D: Water has the highest boiling point because it can form more extensive hydrogen bonding than
HF and NH3. It can form two hydrogen bonds per water molecule whereas both NH3 and HF can
only form one hydrogen bond per molecule.
HF has higher boiling point than NH3 because F atom in HF is more electronegative than N atom
in NH3, hence strength of hydrogen bond in HF is stronger than that in NH3.
6

Which of the following statements explains why aluminium metal has a higher melting point
than magnesium metal?

The ionic radius of aluminium ion is larger than that of magnesium ion.

The charge density of aluminium ion is higher than that of magnesium ion.

The nuclear charge of an aluminium atom is larger than that of a magnesium atom.

Aluminium is more electronegative than magnesium.

Ans: B
The strength of metallic bonds is:
proportional to number of valence electrons contributed per atom

proportional to the charge density of metal cation,

Al3+ has a higher charge and a smaller ionic radius; hence its charge density is higher.
Therefore the melting point of aluminium metal is higher.

END OF LECTURE TEST