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Introduction to
Organic Chemistry
Lecture no. 1
Introduction
Giuseppe Pileio
About Me
Name: Giuseppe
Surname: Pileio
Nickname: Peppe
Location: 30/3047, School of Chemistry
E-mail: g.pileio@soton.ac.uk
Phone: 023 80 59 4146
Web: http://www.mhl.soton.ac.uk/~peppe
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About you
Please, write down on a piece of paper:
Name
Surname
E-mail
Your past experience in chemistry or science
Why did you choose that course?
What do you want to learn in this course?
What should I do to match your personal needs?
4
John
(Week 1-2)
Iris
(Week 3-5)
Reactions
Functional groups
Nomenclature
Physical Properties
Characterization
6
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course you will be able:
to Recognize organic molecules by their Functional Groups
to Identify them by their proper official name
to Know their main reactions and how they transform
to Understand and predict their physical properties
to Know how to characterize them
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textbooks
Introduction:
Chemistry, Rob Lewis and Wynne Evans, ISBN 0-333-962575
Catch Up Chemistry Mitch Fry and Elizabeth Page, ISBN 1904842119
Lecture no. 1
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lecture you will be able:
to Understand the meaning and importance of Organic
chemistry
to Understand the concept of functional groups
to Recognize the structure of alkanes
to Learn the rules of nomenclature and be able to call
molecules with their proper names
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Why it is so important?
It is the chemistry of the living matter!
All the living matter, Archaea, bacteria, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae, Animalia, are made by molecules containing
carbons!
Animalia,Plantae, Fungi
organs
quarks
tissue
atoms
cells
Archaea,
Bacteria,
Protista
molecules
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H
N H
N
R
H N
Me
N
R
O
A.T base pair
H
O
N
N
R
N H
N
N
H
G.C base pair
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Hans Krebs
Citric acid (Tri
Carboxylic Acid, TCA)
cycle
Nobel prize for
medicine/ physiology
1953
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Chemical Class
Hydrocarbons
F, Cl, Br, I
Haloalcanes
Phosphine
Sulfoxide, Thiol
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Hydrocarbons
Content
Chemical Class
Hydrocarbons
formula
CnH2n+2
CnH2n
CnH2n-2
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Alkanes
Content
Chemical Class
Formula
Hydrocarbons
CnH2n+2
n (Molecular formula)
Structural Formula
Name
C1H2*1+2=CH4
Meth-ane
109.5o
C
H
H
H
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n (Molecular formula)
Structural Formula
C2H2*2+2=C2H6
C3H2*3+2=C3H8
Name
Eth-ane
Prop-ane
= C2H6
= C3H8 =
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n (Molecular formula)
Structural Formula
C4H2*4+2=C4H10
Name
But-ane
C4H2*4+2=C4H10
Iso-But-ane
Structural Isomerism
Isomers = two molecules with the same molecular formula
but different structural formula
n (Molecular formula)
C5H2*5+2=C5H12
Structural Formula
Name
Pent-ane
n-pentane
iso-pent-ane
neo-pent-ane
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Homologous series
Hydrocarbons that differ by -CH2 units
They are very important to know since they are the
basis for the nomenclature of organic compounds!
n
6
7
8
9
10
name
Hex-ane
Hept-ane
Oct-ane
Non-ane
Dec-ane
11
12
Undec-ane
Dodec-ane
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Tridec-ane
Tetradec-ane
Pentadec-ane
Hexadec-ane
Heptadec-ane
Octadec-ane
Nonadec-ane
Eicos-ane 22
PARENT NAME
ROOT
(Meth, Eth, Prop)
ending
(-ane)
Meth-ane CH4
CH3CH3
Eth-ane
Prop-ane CH3CH2CH3
Fragments
PARENT NAME
ROOT
(Meth, Eth, Prop)
-yl
Meth-yl
Eth-yl
Prop-yl
CH3CH3CH2CH3CH2CH223
2
1
24
4
3
6
5
25
4
3
6
5
26
4
3
6
5
First point
of difference
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2
1
4
3
hexane
6
5
cyclo-hexane
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