The Coasters

The Coasters are an American rhythm and blues/rock

and roll vocal group who had a string of hits in the late
1950s. Beginning with "Searchin'" and "Young Blood",
their most memorable songs were written by the songwriting and producing team of Leiber and Stoller.[1] Although
the Coasters originated outside of mainstream doo-wop,
their records were so frequently imitated that they became an important part of the doo-wop legacy through
the 1960s.

1957 (all were recorded in Los Angeles).

"Yakety Yak" (recorded in New York), featuring King
Curtis on tenor saxophone, included the famous lineup of
Gardner, Guy, Jones, and Gunter, became the acts only
national #1 single, and also topped the R&B chart. The
next single, "Charlie Brown", reached #2 on both charts.
It was followed by "Along Came Jones", "Poison Ivy" (#1
for a month on the R&B chart), and "Little Egypt (YingYang)".
Changing popular tastes and a couple of line-up changes
contributed to a lack of hits in the 1960s. During this
time, Billy Guy was also working on solo projects, so New
York singer Vernon Harrell was brought in to replace him
for stage performances. Later members included Earl
Speedo Carroll (lead of the Cadillacs), Ronnie Bright
(the bass voice on Johnny Cymbal's "Mr. Bass Man"),
Jimmy Norman, and guitarist Thomas Curley Palmer.
The Coasters signed with Columbia Records' Date label in 1966, reuniting with Leiber and Stoller (who had
parted ways with Atlantic Records in 1963), but were
never able to regain their former fame. In 1971, the
Coasters had a minor chart entry with "Love Potion No.
9" a song that Leiber and Stoller had written for the Coasters but instead gave to the Clovers in 1959. In Britain,
a 1994 Volkswagen TV advertisement used the groups
Sorry But I'm Gonna Have To Pass track, which led to
a minor chart placement in that country.

History

The Coasters were formed in October 1955 as a spino of the Robins, a Los Angeles-based rhythm and blues
group that included Carl Gardner and Bobby Nunn. The
original Coasters were Carl Gardner, Billy Guy, Bobby
Nunn, Leon Hughes (who was replaced by Young Jessie
on a couple of their early Los Angeles recordings), and
guitarist Adolph Jacobs. Jacobs left the group in 1959.[2]
The songwriting team Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller had
started Spark Records, and in 1955 produced "Smokey
Joes Cafe" for the Robins[1] (their 5th single with LeiberStoller). The record was popular enough for Atlantic
Records to oer Leiber and Stoller an independent production contract to produce the Robins for the Atlantic label. Only two of the RobinsGardner and Nunnwere
willing to make the move to Atlantic, recording their rst
songs in the same studio as the Robins had done (Master
Recorders). In late 1957, the group moved to New York
and replaced Nunn and Hughes with Cornell Gunter and
Will Dub Jones. The new quartet was from then on stationed in New York (although all had Los Angeles roots).

In 1987, the Coasters became the rst group inducted into

the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, crediting the members
of the 1958-era conguration. The Coasters also joined
the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999.
Several groups used the name in the 1970s, touring
throughout the country, though Carl Gardner, one of the
original Coasters, held the legal rights to it. Gardner continued to tour with the Coasters and made many attempts
to stop bogus groups with no connection to the original
group using the name. In late 2005, Carls son Carl Gardner, Jr. took over as lead with the group when his father
retired. The Coasters lineup then consisted of Carl Gardner, Jr., J.W. Lance, Primo Candelara, and Eddie Whiteld. Carl, Jr. has since split with this group and has
started his own group with Curley Palmer.[3]

The Coasters association with Leiber and Stoller was

an immediate success. Together they created a string
of good-humored storytelling hits that are some of the
most entertaining from the original era of rock and roll.[1]
According to Leiber and Stoller, getting the humor to
come through on the records often required more recording takes than for a typical musical number.[1]
Their rst single, "Down in Mexico", was an R&B hit
in 1956 and appears (in a re-recording from 1970
still with Gardner singing the lead) on the soundtrack of
Quentin Tarantino's Death Proof. The following year, the
Coasters crossed over to the pop chart in a big way with
the double-sided "Young Blood"/"Searchin'". Searchin'"
was the groups rst U.S. Top 10 hit, and topped the R&B
chart for 13 weeks, becoming the biggest R&B single of

Leon Hughes is the only surviving member of the original

Coasters. Some of the former members suered tragic
ends. Saxophonist and fth Coaster King Curtis was
stabbed to death by two junkies outside his apartment
building in 1971. Cornelius Gunter was shot to death
while sitting in a Las Vegas parking garage in 1990. Nate

4 SESSION MUSICIANS

Wilson, a member of one of Gunters oshoot Coasters

groups, was shot and his body dismembered in 1980.[4]
Former manager Patrick Cavanaugh was convicted of the
murder after Wilson threatened to notify authorities of
Cavanaughs intent to buy furniture with stolen checks.
While Cavanaugh was convicted of the murder and given
the death sentence in 1984, his sentence was commuted
to life in prison. He died at 60 in 2006, in Nevada's Ely
State Prison.[5]

Coasters at a lounge in Belmont, CA. When the Beach

Boys and the Grateful Dead united on stage to perform a
brief set at New York Citys Filmore East, they performed
Searchin'" and Riot in Cell Block No. 9. Numerous
groups have recorded Poison Ivy.

Coasters hits also comprised a major portion of the song

score for the 1994 musical revue Smokey Joes Cafe, a
retrospective of Leiber & Stoller songs that received one
Grammy Award and seven Tony Award nominations folThe Coasters continue to appear regularly on oldies lowing its 1995 Broadway debut. Their song Baby, That
shows and PBS specials as old favorites and are available Is Rock and Roll has served as the main title for a bifor bookings.[4]
ography/songbook of Leiber & Stoller songs and a Bravo
The Hits list below is from Joel Whitburns Top R&B Sin- television documentary on the songwriters.
gles and from the Pop positions published in Bill Millars In addition, Coasters songs and the Coasters themselves
book The Coasters (1975).
have been referred to by later popular musicians. Frank
In late June, 2007 Carl Gardners autobiography Carl Zappa referenced the group in the lyrics of the song StaGardner: Yakety Yak I Fought Back - My Life with The tus Back Baby on his second album, Absolutely Free.
Coasters was published at AuthorHouse. On August 28, Sly Stone titled a 1971 #1 album by his group Sly &
2007 the Coasters Leiber-Stoller-produced recordings the Family Stone after the tag line from Riot in Cell
for Date/King 1966-1972 was released on a Varse Vin- Block No. 9": Theres a Riot Goin' On. The folksinger
tage (Varse Sarabande) CD, titled Down Home (302 David Bromberg quoted from "Little Egypt (Ying-Yang)"
in his 1972 song Sharon. Paolo Nutini regularly covers
066 844 2) - and on December 12, 2007 the complete
Atco recordings 1954-1966 were released on a Rhino "Down in Mexico" during live performances.
Handmade four-CD set, titled Theres A Riot Goin' On:
The Coasters on Atco (Rhino RHM2 7740).

Legacy

3 Band members
Current members

J. W. Lance lead vocals, previously tenor vocals

The Coasters repertoire had a signicant impact on '60s
(2001present)
and '70s rock artists. Leon Russell performed "Young
Primotivo Candelara baritone vocals (2008
Blood" at the Concert for Bangladesh in 1971, imitating
present)
the groups arrangement of the song with four dierent
solo voices. Bad Company's version of the song reached
Eddie Whiteld bass vocals (2009present)
#20 on in May 1976 on the Hot 100. Commander Cody
and His Lost Planet Airmen recorded The Robins' "Riot
Dennis Anderson tenor vocals (2011present)
in Cell Block Number 9", while The Beach Boys recorded
a 1971 version with revised lyrics by Mike Love, titled
Former members
Student Demonstration Time. The novelty singer Ray
Stevens reached #27 on the U.S. pop singles chart with
a 1969 remake of "Along Came Jones". Elvis Presley (Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame inductees listed in bold.)
included "Little Egypt (Ying-Yang)" in the soundtrack
for his 1964 lm Roustabout. The rst two British hits
of The Hollies were "(Ain't That) Just Like Me and 4 Session musicians
Searchin'". The Monkees reached #10 on Cashbox with
"D. W. Washburn". (The Coasters recorded it rst, but
George Barnes, Alan Hanlon, Tony Mottola, Sonny
when Date declined to release it, Leiber and Stoller sent
Forriest: guitars
it as a demo to the Monkees. After the Monkees charted,
the Coasters original was issued.) Several Coasters songs
Wendell Marshall, Abie Baker: bass
were part of The Beatles' repertoire before the British
Joe Marshall, Gary Chester, Sticks Evans: drums
rock group began its recording career; George Harrison is
among the singers on the above-mentioned Leon Russell
Mike Stoller: piano
live recording. The Grateful Dead similarly performed
several Coasters songs in their early days; they were in King Curtis: tenor sax
uenced by a weekend in 1965 in which the Dead (while
Bobby Rosengarden: percussion
still called The Warlocks) served as pickup band for the

5.3

US singles discography

Discography

5.1

Studio albums

3
Spark 103 6/54 - Riot In Cell Block #9 (RB ca 3/54)
/ Wrap It Up (BN,CG ca 3/54)

1957 - The Coasters - Atco LP 33-101

Spark 107 10/54 - Loop De Loop Mambo (CG

8/54) / Framed (BN 8/54)

1959 - The Coasters Greatest Hits - Atco LP 33-111

(SD33-111 rechanneled stereo 1960)

Spark 110 2/55 - If Teardrops Were Kisses (CG,

2/54) / Whadaya Want? (GC 2/54)

1960 - The Coasters One By One - Atco LP 33-123

(SD33-123 stereo)
1962 - Coast Along with The Coasters - Atco LP 33135 (SD33-135 alternate stereo edition)
1965 - That Is Rock & Roll - Clarion LP 605 (SD605 stereo)
1971 - Their Greatest Recordings: The Early Years Atco LP SD33-371 (stereo compilation with alternates)
1972 - The Coasters On Broadway - King LP
KS1146 (stereo)

Spark 113 4/55 - One Kiss (CG 8/54) / I Love Paris

(GC 2/54)
Spark 116 6/55 - I Must Be Dreamin (CG 8/54) /
The Hatchet Man (BN 2/54)
Spark 122 9/55 - Smokey Joes Cafe (CG prob
7/7/55) / Just Like A Fool (CG prob 7/7/55)
Atco 6059 10/55 - Smokey Joes Cafe (CG) / Just
Like A Fool (CG) - reissue
(all of the above later issued on EP, LP, and CD compilations as The Coasters).

1975 - 16 Greatest Hits - Trip TOP LP 16-7 (ten

The Coasters (all true"/legal Coasters singles are listed)
revival re-recordings + six Billy Guy-recordings)
1982 - Young Blood - Atlantic DeLuxe LP AD 24003 (mono)

5.2

Hit singles

Notes: A b/w next to a hit denotes the following track

is the B-side. U.S. Billboard chart positions (unless otherwise noted). Billboard peak Pop chart position is /followed by Cash Box peak Pop chart position - ex.g. Shoppin' For Clothes reached Cash Box Pop #57; Besame
Mucho reached Cash Box Pop #53. Three of the Cash
Box pop entry dates slightly dier (by a a week or two either way; ex.g. Yakety Yak entered the Cash Box Pop
Chart in May). "T'ain't Nothin' To Me" R&B position is
from Cash Box since Billboard did not publish an R&B
chart in 1964.

5.3

US singles discography

The line-ups are presented for general overview and do not

always t with issue dates.
Label and catalog number followed by month/year of issue, and by track titles (with lead and recording dates).

(Carl Gardner, Bobby Nunn, Billy Guy, Leon Hughes)

leads: CG-Gardner; BN-Nunn; BG-Guy (Los Angeles,
Chicago*, New York**)
Atco 6064 2/56 - Down in Mexico (CG 1/11/56) /
Turtle Dovin (CG 1/11/56)
Atco 6073 7/56 - One Kiss Led to Another (CG
1/11/56) / Brazil (CG, BN, BG 1/11/56)
Atco 6087 3/57 - Young Blood (CG 2/15/57) /
Searchin' (BG 2/15/57)
Atco 6098 8/57 - Idol With The Golden Head (CG
7/24/57*) / (When She Wants Good Lovin) My
Baby Comes To Me (BG 7/24/57*)
Atco 6104 11/57 - Sweet Georgia Brown (CG, BG,
BN 2/12/57) / What Is The Secret Of Your Success?
(BG 7/24/57*)
Atco 6111 1/58 - Gee, Golly (BG 12/4/57**) /
Dance! (CG 12/4/57**)

(Gardner, Guy, Will Jones, Cornell Gunter)

The Robins (only singles featuring Carl Gardner are
leads: CG-Gardner; BG-Guy; WJ-Jones, CoG-Gunter
listed)
(New York)
(Carl Gardner, Bobby Nunn, Ty Terrell Leonard, Billy
Richard, Roy Richard, Grady Chapman)
Atco 6116 4/58 - Yakety Yak (CG, BG 3/17/58)
leads: CG-Gardner; BN-Nunn; GC-Chapman; RBRichard Berry (guest lead) (Los Angeles)

/ Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart (WJ, CoG

3/17/58)

5 DISCOGRAPHY
Atco 6126 8/58 - The Shadow Knows (BG 8/8/58)
/ Sorry But I'm Gonna Have To Pass (WJ 8/8/58)

Atco 6287 2/64 - TAint Nothin To Me (BG, WJ

11/16/63) / Speedos Back In Town (EC 11/16/63)

Atco 6132 1/59 - Charlie Brown (unison 12/11/58)

/ Three Cool Cats (CG 3/17/58)

Atco 6300 5/64 - Bad Detective (BG 12/17/63) /

Lovey Dovey (CG 12/17/63)

stereo version of Charlie Brown on SD 6132

has CG, CoG separated in stereo

Atco 6321 10/64 - Wild One (BG 8/28/64) / I Must

Be Dreaming (BG,CG 8/28/64)

Atco 6141 5/59 - Along Came Jones (joint leads

3/26/59) / That Is Rock & Roll (CG, BG, WJ
3/26/59)

Atco 6341 2/65 - Lady Like (unison 2/26/60) / Hongry (BG 4/10/61*)

Atco 6146 8/59 - Poison Ivy (CG,BG 7/16/59) / I'm

A Hog For You (unison 8/8/58, edited 7/17/59)

Atco 6356 5/65 - Lets Go Get Stoned (BG 4/21/65)

/ Money Honey (unison 4/21/65)

Atco 6153 11/59 - What About Us (unison 7/16/59)

/ Run Red Run (BG 7/23/59)

Atco 6379 9/65 - Crazy Baby (BG 4/21/65, edited

9/8/65) / Bell Bottom Slacks And A Chinese Kimono (Shes My Little Spodee-O) (CG 4/21/65,
edited 9/8/65)

Atco 6163 3/60 - Besame Mucho (Part I) (WJ

2/26/60) / Besame Mucho (Part II) (unison backing
vcls 2/26/60)
Atco 6168 6/60 - Wake Me, Shake Me (BG
2/26/60) / Stewball (BG 3/17/58)

Atco 6407 3/66 - Shes A Yum Yum (unison

1/26/66) / Saturday Night Fish Fry (BG 1/26/66)
Date 1552 3/67 - Soul Pad (BG, EC 11/18/66) /
Down Home Girl (BG 11/18/66)

Atco 6178 9/60 - Shoppin For Clothes (BG, WJ

7/29/60) / The Snake And The Book Worm (CG,
CoG 2/26/60)

Date 1607 5/68 - She Can (BG, CG, EC 10/30/67)

/ Everybodys Woman (EC 10/30/67)

A-side also issued as Clothes Line (Wrap It

Up)

Date 1617 7/68 - D.W. Washburn (BG, CG

10/31/67 / Everybodys Woman (EC 10/30/67)

Atco 6186 1/61 - Wait A Minute (BG 12/4/57) /

Thumbin A Ride (CG 7/29/60)
Atco 6192 4/61 - Little Egypt (Ying-Yang) (BG
2/9/61) / Keep On Rolling (CG,CoG 2/26/60)
Atco 6204 8/61 - Girls Girls Girls (Part I) (BG
2/9/61) / Girls Girls Girls (Part II) (BG 2/9/61)
(Gardner, Guy, Jones, Earl Carroll)

(Gardner, Guy, Carroll, Ronnie Bright)

Turntable 504 1969 - Act Right (BG 69) / The
World Is Changing (EC 69)
King 6385 11/71 - Love Potion Number Nine (CG
2/13/68, ed. late 71) / D.W. Washburn (BG,CG
10/31/67)

leads: CG-Gardner; BG-Guy; WJ-Jones; EC-Carroll

(New York, Los Angeles*)

King 6389 4/72 - Cool Jerk (CG late 71) / Talkin

Bout A Woman (BG, CG, EC; act. She Can
10/30/67)

Atco 6210 11/61 - (Ain't That) Just Like Me (BG

9/25/61) / Bad Blood CG (9/25/61)

King 6404 1973 - Soul Pad (BG, EC 11/18/66) /

D.W. Washburn (BG, CG 10/31/67)

Atco 6219 2/62 - Ridin Hood (unison 12/7/60*) / Carl Gardner & The Coasters
Teach Me How To Shimmy (BG 4/10/61*)
(Gardner, Carroll, Bright, Jimmy Norman)
Atco 6234 9/62 - The Climb (vocal) (WJ 7/31/62)
/ The Climb (instrumental) (7/31/62)

Wicked 8103 1976 - Hush Don't Talk About It (CG

ca 76) / The World Keeps On Turning (EC ca 76)

Atco 6251 1/63 - The P.T.A. (BG 1/11/63) / Bull Free Soul / Beautifully Day released 11/15/2010 by Carl
Tick Waltz (BG 7/31/62)
Gardner Jr. Through tunecore

5.6

5.4

True Coasters recordings (not on single)

CD Compilations

5.6 True Coasters recordings (not on single)

1986 - The Ultimate Coasters - Warner Special

Products 27604 (stereo)
No live recordings included (Note: there also are several
alternates
and edited masters of the singles, not listed be 1987 - The Coasters - 20 Greatest Hits - Highland
low).
Music DCD-7786 (rerecorded in stereo)
1989 - The Coasters Greatest Hits - Atco 33111- Recorded in New York unless otherwise indicated.
2 (reissue of LP, with a couple of tracks in stereo) - Lead singers: Carl Gardner (CG), Billy Guy (BG), Will
Dub Jones (WJ), Ronnie Bright (RB), Jimmy Norman
reissued on Hallmark
(JN).
1991 - Poison Ivy - The Best of the Coasters Atlantic CD 82313-2 (20 tracks - withdrawn)
1957 Lola (CG 2/12/57 L.A.) - Atco LP 33-101
The Coasters
1992 - 50 Coastin' Classics (2CD-set) - Rhino R2
71090 (mono)
1994 - The Very Best of The Coasters - Rhino R2
71597 (mono) - reissued 2008
1996 - Golden Hits - Masters 1127 (the Trip revivals, stereo - uncountable reissues on several labels)

1958 Three Cool Cats (alternate arrangement CG

3/17/58) - Rhino Handmade RHM2 7740 The
Coasters On Atco
1958 Crocodile (unison 8/8/58) - Rhino Handmade
RHM2 7740

2004 - The Coasters / One By One - Collectables

COL-CD-7656 (2LPs on 1CD - One By One in
stereo) - (a 2011 European issue on Hoodoo 263387
contains the same tracks plus three bonus tracks and
a 16-page booklet)

1958 I'm A Hog For You (several dierent

versions-unison 8/8/58) - Rhino Handmade RHM2
7740

2005 - Coast Along with The Coasters - Collectables COL-CD-6523 (reissue of stereo LP)

1958 Hey Sexy (unison 12/11/58) - Rhino CD R2

71090 50 Coastin Classics

2005 - 16 Greatest Hits - Audio Passport CD-1018

(reissue of Trip LP)
2007 - Down Home - Varse Sarabande/Vintage
CD 302066844-2 (the On Broadway tracks,
stereo)
2007 - Theres A Riot Goin' On: The Coasters On Atco (4CD-set) - Rhino Handmade RHM2
7740 (the complete Atco recordings, 113 tracks;
several stereo masters)
2008 - The Denitive Soul Collection (2CD-set) Rhino 132092 (withdrawn; 30 mono pop hits)

5.5

Important British public-domain compilations

2013 - The Denitive Coasters - A Sides & B

Sides (Hits and Bonus Tracks) - History of RnB
R001
(Complete recordings 1954-1962) 61 tracks

1958 Sexy (Hey Sexy) (CG 12/11/58) - Rhino

Handmade RHM2 7740
1959 That Is Rock & Roll (edited version, WJ
3/26/59) - Atco LP SD 33-371 Their Greatest
Recordings - The Early Years
1960 The Snake And The Bookworm (unison version 2/26/60) - Atco LP SD 33-135 Coast Along
With The Coasters (only the stereo album)
1960 The Coasters One By One - Atco LP 33123 (stereo SD33-123) (6/13&15/60) - 12 jazz/pop
standards
1961 My Babe (BG 9/25/61) - Atco LP SD 33-135
1962 The Slime (WJ 7/31/62) - Clarion LP SD-605
That Is Rock & Roll (alternate of The Climb, act.
titled so on the album)

2013 - Those Hoodlum Friends - The Coasters

In Stereo (Outtakes, Stereo Versions and Album
Tracks) - History of RnB R002

1967 Mohair Sam (unison 10/30/67) - King LP

1146 The Coasters On Broadway

(Alternate stereo takes and album tracks 1957-1962) 49

tracks including never before issued outtakes

1968 Down At Papa Joes (unison 2/12/68) King

LP 1146

8
1968 Shake Em Up And Let Em Roll (lead:
Jerry Leiber 2/13/68) - Rhino CD R2 71090
1971 Mustang Sally (BG late 71) - King LP 1146
1971 On Broadway (CG late 71) - King LP 1146
1971 The In Crowd (CG late 71) - King LP 1146
1973 The Coasters - 16 Greatest Hits (featuring
10 re-recordings with CG and JN, leads ca 73) - Trip
LP TOP 16-7
1977 Check Mr. Popeye (RB 77) - Epic LP PE34668 (various artists with Southside Johnny)

Notes

[1] Show 13 - Big Rock Candy Mountain: Rock 'n' roll in

the late fties. [Part 3] : UNT Digital Library. Digital.library.unt.edu. 1969. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
[2] Those Hoodlum Friends THE COASTERS. Retrieved
2006-11-30.
[3] The Coasters Web Site - Those Hoodlum Friends, by
Claus Rhnisch. Thecoasters.com. Retrieved 2011-0109.
[4] The Coasters Website. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
[5] News - Ex-Coasters manager dies at Ely State Prison.
reviewjournal.com. 2006-04-11. Retrieved 2011-01-09.

References
Carl Gardner - Yakety Yak I Fought Back - My
Life With The Coasters (by Veta Gardner, AuthorHouse 2007, ISBN 978-1-4259-8981-1).
The Coasters (by Bill Millar, Star Books 1974,
ISBN 0-352-30020-5).

External links
Those Hoodlum Friends - The Coasters Web Site Ocial website
The Great R&B-les - The R&B Pioneers Series
The Coasters at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
The Coasters at Vocal Group Hall of Fame
The Robins - story and full discography

EXTERNAL LINKS

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

9.1

Text

The Coasters Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coasters?oldid=689477347 Contributors: Deb, Ortolan88, Infrogmation, Liftarn, Ahoerstemeier, TUF-KAT, Darkwind, BRG, Zoicon5, Mysidia, Cornischong, Mindspillage, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Guanabot, Darwinek, Jrme, Quintucket, Snowolf, Dirac1933, Ghirlandajo, Woohookitty, MK2, Kbdank71, Ted Wilkes, Ketiltrout, Vegaswikian, Bubba73, Margosbot~enwiki, Thenewdeal87, Design, The Rambling Man, Chanlyn, Sceptre, 999~enwiki, Friedsh, Wimt,
Jerry warriner, Harro, Zwobot, Zakko, Scoutersig, Lec CRP1, SmackBot, Zazaban, KittenKlub, Bluebot, Arg, Gyrobo, John Reaves,
MJBurrage, Derek R Bullamore, JoeyJ, Marcus Brute, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Minaker, Clausule, E-Kartoel, Ryulong, Scorpion0422,
Peyre, Fifties, Jetman, DougHill, Ewulp, CmdrObot, Kevin j, Jlivewell, ShelfSkewed, Cydebot, Andre666, Ward3001, Richhoncho, Mattisse, Thijs!bot, Nhl4hamilton, Zyxwvut-Bot, Pejorative.majeure, Rothorpe, VoABot II, Avicennasis, Styrofoam1994, Pstoller, J.delanoy,
Hondo77, Dpm12, BarroColorado, Eskew, Oshwah, Guillaume2303, Ceranthor, Nouse4aname, Barrympls, Cosprings, Paul20070, Aspects, Escape Orbit, Jacobcohen, All Hallows Wraith, Niceguyedc, Joncaire, XLinkBot, POLLUXAKS4, Marchije, SlubGlub, Addbot,
Debresser, Lightbot, Zorrobot, Legobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Gymirgatey-MDM, Jim1138, JackieBot, Justme89, Capricorn42, Textus1,
Srich32977, ChrisPsi, FrescoBot, Tinton5, Discographer, Tbhotch, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, We hope, Marek Koudelka, F, Burbridge92,
Housewatcher, Gwen-chan, ClueBot NG, Helpful Pixie Bot, DemitriNieto, LongLiveMusic, Jb423, Charge2charge, KasparBot, Cisum12
and Anonymous: 105

9.2

Images

File:Office-book.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Office-book.svg License: Public domain Contributors: This and myself. Original artist: Chris Down/Tango project
File:Question_book-new.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0
Contributors:
Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist:
Tkgd2007

9.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0