Notes On Ascomycete Systematics

VOLUME 13
DECEMBER 31, 2007
Notes on ascomycete systematics

Nos. 4408 - 4750
H. Thorsten Lumbsch and Sabine M. Huhndorf (eds.)
The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA
Abstract
Lumbsch, H. T. and S.M. Huhndorf (ed.) 2007. Notes on ascomycete
systematics. Nos. 4408 4750. Myconet 13: 59 99.
The present paper presents 342 notes on the taxonomy and
nomenclature of ascomycetes (Ascomycota) at the generic and higher
levels.
Introduction
The series Notes on ascomycete systematics has been published in Systema Ascomycetum
(1986-1998) and in Myconet since 1999 as hard copies and now at its new internet home at URL:
http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/. The present paper presents 342 notes on the taxonomy and
nomenclature of ascomycetes (Ascomycota) at the generic and higher levels. The date of electronic
publication is given within parentheses at the end of each entry.
Notes
that the genera Acarospora, Polysporinopsis, and
Sarcogyne are not monophyletic in their current
circumscription; see also notes under
Acarospora (4477) and Polysporinopsis (4543).
(2006-10-18)
4476. Acanthotrema A. Frisch

This monotypic genus was described by Frisch
(2006) to accommodate Thelotrema brasilianum;
see note under Thelotremataceae (4561). (200610-18)
4568. Aciculopsora Aptroot & Trest
4477. Acarospora A. Massal.
This new genus is described for a single new

lichenized species collected twice in lowland dry
forests of NW Costa Rica (Aptroot et al. 2006).
It is placed in Ramalinaceae based on ascus-type.
Similar genera include Bacidiopsora Kalb and
Squamacidia Brako. The latter is said to differ
by thallus morphology and unexplained details
of apothecia, while the former differs in
morphology, apothecial pigmentation, ascospore
morphology and thallus chemistry. The genus
will be accepted in the forthcoming outline in
The genus is restricted by Crewe et al. (2006) to

a monophyletic group of taxa related to the type
species A. schleicheri. The A. smaragdula group
and A. badiofusca are excluded from the genus
in a strict sense. (2006-10-18)
4478. Acarosporaceae Zahlbr.

The delimitation of genera in this family is
studied by Crewe et al. (2006) who demonstrate
59
Thell et al. 2004) supported its inclusion in

Parmeliaceae. Consequently, Anzia will be
included in Parmeliaceae in the next outline.
(2006-05-30)
Ramalinaceae, but additional studies including

molecular data appear necessary to elucidate
the placement of the genus. (2006-12-20)
4569. Almbornia Essl.

4450. Apodus Malloch & Cain
See note under Xanthoparmelia (4615). (200612-20)
See note under Sordariaceae (4469). (2006-0717)
4479. Amphilogia Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf.

4481. Apogaeumannomyces Matsush.
This genus was described in Gryzenhout et al.

(2005) and will be placed in Cryphonectriaceae
following Gryzenhout et al. (2006); see note
under Cryphonectriaceae (4497). (2006-10-18)
This genus was described by Matsushima (2003)

for a species isolated from palm fronds and
forming the teleomorph and a Cercosporula
anamorph in culture. It is placed in the
Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. until its affinities
can be established. (2006-10-18)
4480. Ampliotrema Kalb

This genus was described by Kalb (2004), but
the description lacked a generic type. The name
has been validated by Frisch (2006). However,
Frisch (2006) discussed the similarities to
Ocellularia and Frisch et al. (2006) showed that
Ampliotrema is nested within a strongly
supported Ocellularia s.str. Consequently,
Ampliotrema will be regarded a synonym of
Ocellularia in the next outline; see also note
under Thelotremataceae (4561). (2006-10-18)
4616. Aporothielavia Malloch & Cain

Greif and Currah (2007) studied the ascoma
development in this monotypic genus and
showed that A. leptoderma belongs in
Chaetomidium. Consequently, Aporothielavia is
placed into synonymy with that genus. (2007-0605)
4617. Aptrootia Lcking & Sipman

4408. Annulatascaceae S.W. Wong, K.D. Hyde
& E.B.G. Jones
In a phylogenetic study using partial LSU rDNA
sequences (Vijaykrishna et al. 2005) the family
fell into two distinct clades, one was sister to
Ophiostomatales and another clade basal to these
two groups. (2006-05-30)
Lcking et al. (2007) described this new genus in

Trypetheliaceae for an aberrant species in that
family. It was previously believed to belong to
Thelenellaceae, but del Prado et al. (2006)
demonstrated it belongs to Dothideomycetes. It
should be noted that the generic concept in this
family requires revision. (2007-06-05)
4409. Annulohypoxylon Y.-M. Ju, J.D. Rogers

& H.-M. Hsieh
4618. Arachnomycetales Gibas, Sigler &

Currah
Hypoxylon sect. Annulata was raised to generic

level by Hsieh et al. (2005); see note under
Hypoxylon. (2006-05-30)
Geiser et al. (2007) included this order in

Onygenales. (2007-06-05)
4570. Arthroascus Arx

4410. Anziaceae M. Sato
Naumov et al. (2006) described two new taxa in

this yeast genus using molecular data to support
their decision. The genus was previously
included in Saccharomycopsis in the outline, but
previously Naumov et al. (2003) provided
evidence from a phylogenetic analysis inferred
Based on deviating ascospores this family is

often kept separate from Parmeliaceae (e.g.,
Krnefelt & Thell 1992). However, it agrees
with the latter family in ascomatal anatomy and
molecular studies (Mattsson & Wedin 1999,
60
contradictive to molecular phylogenies in placing

Saccharomycotina at the base of Ascomycota.
(2006-05-30)
from nu LSU rDNA sequences that Arthroascus

is a distinct lineage. Hence the genus will be
accepted within Saccharomycopsidaceae in the
next outline. (2006-12-20)
4621. Ascosphaerales Gum. ex Skou

4619. Arthrorhaphidaceae Poelt & Hafellner
Geiser et al. (2007) included this order in

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this

family needs to be placed in Ostropomycetidae
inc. sed. (2007-06-05)
4412. Ascoyunnania L. Cai & K.D. Hyde

This new genus was described for a new species
collected from submerged bamboo in China (Cai
et al. 2005). A single collection is known and
hence no molecular data are available for a
placement of this enigmatic fungus that has
deeply immersed, ostiolate ascomata, hyaline
guttulate ascospores that germinate to form dark
brown to black, globose, tuberculate secondary
spores. The genus will be placed in
Sordariomycetes incertae sedis. (2006-05-30)
4620. Arxiozyma Van der Walt & Yarrow

Kurtzman & Robnett (2007) showed that the
genus is synonymous with Kazachstania. (200706-05)
4482. Ascocoronospora Matsush.

for a species isolated from decaying litter and
forming the teleomorph and a Coronospora
Dothideomycetidae inc. sed. until its affinities
4571. Aspicilia A. Massal.

See note under Megasporaceae (4591). (200612-20)
4483. Ascofascicula Matsush.

4572. Ayria Fryar & K.D. Hyde

for a species isolated from soil and forming the
teleomorph in culture with ascospores that have a
spiral-like ornamentation. The hymenium
appeared to form without an enclosing structure.
It is placed in the Ascomycota inc. sed. until its
affinities can be established. (2006-10-18)
This new genus is described for a single species

collected on submerged rotting wood that is most
similar to Pseudoproboscispora Punith., but
differs in having asci lacking an apical ring and
non-septate, biseriate ascospores (Fryar & Hyde
2004). It will be accepted in the next outline in
Annulatascaceae. (2006-12-20)
4411. Ascomycota
4622. Babjevia van der Walt & M.Th. Smith
Lopandic et al. (2005) used a SSU rDNA

phylogeny framework to discuss chemical
differences in major clades of Ascomycota. Cell
wall carbohydrates and ubiquinone components
were analyzed within numerous Ascomycota.
Saccharomycotina were found to have a glucosemannose pattern differing from that of
Pezizomycotina, while basal Ascomycota
showed a glucose-mannose-galactose-rhamnose(fucose) profile. Differences in the ubiquinone
patterns were also found. This underlines the
phylogenetic importance of chemotaxonomic
characters to circumscribe major lineages in
fungi. The authors interpret their
chemotaxonomic results, however, as
See note 4643. (2007-06-05)
4413. Baeomycetaceae Dumort.

This family is currently placed incertae sedis, but
molecular studies (e.g., Lutzoni et al. 2004,
Wedin et al. 2005) supported its placement in
Ostropomycetidae. Its exact placement is
uncertain and it will be placed in
Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis. (2006-05-30)
4623. Baeomycetaceae Dumort.
61
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transferring this

genus from Geoglossaceae to Hyaloscyphaceae.
(2007-06-05)
In the study of Miadlikowska et al. (2007) this

family clustered in Ostropomycetidae and it will
be placed in this suborder inc. sed. in the next
outline. (2007-06-05)
4414. Bryogomphus Lcking, W.R. Buck,

Srus. & L.I. Ferraro
4484. Basidioascus Matsush.
The recently described species Gomphillus

caribaeus (Buck 1998) was shown to differ from
Gomphillus s.str. in having lecanoroid,
Sporopodium-type asci and a
prosoplectenchymatous exciple (Lcking et al.
2005). The new genus is placed in Pilocarpaceae
(Lecanorales). (2006-05-30)
This genus was described as an ascomycete by

Matsushima (2003) for a species isolated from
soil. The photographs in the publication clearly
show hyphae with clamp connections and
developing basidia with up to four basidiospores
forming on elongate sterigmata. It is therefore
excluded from Ascomycota and placed in
Basidiomycota inc. sed. until its affinities can be
established. (2006-10-18)
4415. Bulbotrichella V. Marcano, S. Mohali &

A. Morales
4624. Boreoplaca Timdal
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) provided evidence
that this genus should be transferred from
Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Lecanoromycetidae
inc. sed., supporting earlier studies by Wedin et
al. (2005). (2007-06-05)
This genus is currently accepted in Parmeliaceae,

but Lumbsch (1997) showed that its distinction
was based on conidiomata that in fact belong to a
lichenicolous fungus. Hence, the genus is treated
as a synonym of Bulbothrix in the next outline.
(2006-05-30)
4485. Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd.
4628. Caliciaceae Chevall.
The major clades in Botryosphaeriaceae are

resolved by Crous et al. (2006) using nu LSU
rDNA sequence data. 12 clades are recognized
with two of them falling outside the family.
Within the family ten lineages are accepted. The
clades are characterized by distinct types of
anamorphs. No new teleomorph generic name
was proposed. (2006-10-18)
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) supported previous

results that this family is nested within
Physciaceae (Helms et al. 2003, Wedin et al.
2003). Hence in the next outline Caliciaceae will
be treated as a synonym of Physciaceae. (200706-05)
4416. Candelariaceae Hakul.

Currently this family is included in
Lecanoraceae, but phylogenetic analyses showed
that it has a basal position in Lecanoromycetes
and is not closely related to Lecanoraceae (e.g.,
Wedin et al. 2005). Thus it will be accepted as an
independent family in the next outline. (2006-0530)
4625. Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd.

See note 4626 under Botryosphaeriales. (200706-05)
4626. Botryosphaeriales Schoch, Crous &

Shoemaker
This new order in Dothideomycetes is described
by Schoch et al. (2007) to accommodate
Botryosphaeriaceae. (2007-06-05)
4629. Candelariaceae Hakul.

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) supported the
independence of Candelariaceae from
Lecanoraceae and found this family to cluster as
sister to Lecanoromycetidae+Ostropomycetidae.
They indicate that the description of an order to
accommodate this family will be necessary.
(2007-06-05)
4627. Bryoglossum Redhead
62
4488. Ceratocystiopsis H.P. Upadhyay & W.B.

Kendr.
4630. Capnodiales Woron.
This genus is resurrected by Zipfel et al. (2006);

see note under Ophiostoma (4537). (2006-10-18)
This order is placed in Dothideomycetidae by

Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05)
4489. Ceratostomella Sacc.
4486. Carassea S. Stenroos
Rblov (2006) emended the generic concept of

Ceratostomella, accepting four species and using
multigene data found that its affinities are within
the Sordariomycetidae in a large unsupported
clade that includes members of the
Ophiostomatales and the Annulatascaceae. It will
be included in the Sordariomycetidae inc. sed.
(2006-10-18)
Stenroos et al. (2002) showed in a phylogenetic

analysis based on nu SSU rDNA sequences that
Cladonia is not monophyletic. C. connexa is
shown to be closer to Metus and Pilophorus and
consequently segregated as a new genus
Carassea. The monotypic genus occurs in South
America, its primary thallus is unknown and it
differs morphologically from Cladonia in having
highly anastomosing thallus branches. It will be
accepted in Cladoniaceae in the next outline.
(2006-10-18)
4574. Cetradonia J.-C. Wei & Ahti

Zhou et al. (2006) demonstrated that this
monotypic genus belongs to Cladoniaceae where
it was sister to Gymnoderma, the genus in which
the single species was formerly placed. The
status of this genus needs to be re-assessed with
special emphasis on the distinction to
Gymnoderma. (2006-12-20)
4631. Catillochroma Kalb

The genus is described by Kalb (2007) for a
number of crustose, predominantly tropical
species that have a layered exciple with a
prosoplectenchymatous outer part and an inner
part, which is composed of a textura intricata
with large intercellular spaces. It is placed in
Megalariaceae and will be accepted in the
forthcoming outline. (2007-06-05)
4575. Cetradoniaceae J.-C. Wei & Ahti

The family was shown to be nested within
Cladoniaceae in a phylogenetic study by Zhou et
al. (2006). Consequently, it will be reduced to
synonymy with the latter family in the next
outline.
4487. Celoporthe Nakab., Gryzenh, Jol. Roux

& M.J. Wingf.
The genus was described by Nakabonge et al.
(2006) for a pathogenic fungus on Myrtales in
South Africa. The genus resembles
Chrysoporthe, but is not closely related in a
phylogenetic analysis and differs in
morphological characters, such as short
perithecial necks, cylindrical to ovoid conidia,
and pseudoparenchymatous stromatic tissue at
the conidiomatal base. It will be accepted in
Cryphonectriaceae in the next outline. (2006-1018)
4490. Chaetosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul.

Huhndorf and Fernndez (2005) using data from
ITS, expanded the concept of Chaetosphaeria to
include additional scolecosporous species with
distinct globose, outer ascomatal wall cells. This
characteristic was used by Matsushima (2003) to
describe a new genus (see note 4538). Fernndez
et al. (2006) upheld the monophyly of
Chaetosphaeria and the separation of Zignoella
and Melanopsammella from Chaetosphaeria in
analyses using data from LSU and beta tubulin
genes. (2006-10-18)
4573. Cepsiclava J. Walker

Walker (2004) described this new genus in
Clavicipitaceae for an endophyte occurring in
southeastern Australia. It is unique in the family
in invading stamens before ovaries. (2006-12-20)
4491. Chaetosphaerides Matsush.

for a species isolated from plant material and
63
In a phylogenetic study employing nu LSU and

mt SSU rDNA sequence data, Schmitt et al.
(2006) showed that Coccotremataceae are
closely related to Pertusariaceae s.str. Although
this relationship is not strongly supported,
Pertusariales is strongly supported and hence the
family will be placed in Pertusariales in the next
issue of the outline. (2006-12-20)
forming the teleomorph and a Ramichloridium

4492. Chapsa A. Massal.

This genus was resurrected by Frisch (2006); see
note under Thelotremataceae (4561). (2006-1018)
4418. Coenogoniaceae (Fr.) Stizenb.

Kauff & Bdel (2005) presented morphological
evidence that supports the distinction of
Coenogoniaceae from Gyalectaceae proposed by
Kauff & Lutzoni (2002) based on molecular
data. They showed that members of
Coenogoniaceae differ in ascomatal ontogeny
and anatomy, ascospore size and septation, and
thallus and pycnidial anatomy. (2006-05-30)
4632. Chlorencoelia J.R. Dixon

genus from Helotiaceae to Hemiphacidiaceae.
(2007-06-05)
4417. Chondropsis Nyl.

but since morphological and molecular data have
shown it to be part of Xanthoparmelia
(Hawksworth & Crespo 2002, Blanco et al.
2004), it will be treated as a synonym of the
latter in the next outline. (2006-05-30)
4495. Cornipulvina Huhndorf, A.N. Mill.,

F.A. Fernndez & Lodge
This genus was described for a single species
with long-necked stromata and ellipsoid
ascospores (Huhndorf et al. 2005). LSU
sequence data places it in the Boliniaceae where
it will be listed in the next outline. (2006-10-18)
4493. Chroodiscus (Mll. Arg.) Mll. Arg.

The genus is used in a restricted sense by Frisch
(2006); see note under Thelotremataceae (4561).
(2006-10-18)
4633. Coryneliales Seaver & Chardon

Geiser et al. (2007) and Spatafora et al. (2007)
showed that this order belong to
Eurotiomycetidae. (2007-06-05)
4494. Chrysoporthe Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf.

This genus, currently classified as Diaporthales
inc. sed., will be placed in Cryphonectriaceae
4634. Crivellia Shoemaker & Inderbitzin

The genus is described in Inderbitzin et al.
(2006) for a species previously included in
Pleospora, but differing in ascospore- and
anamorph-morphology. Molecular analyses
show that it belongs to the Alternaria group and
not in Pleospora. Hence, the genus will be
accepted in the forthcoming outline. (2007-0605)
4576. Cladoniaceae Zenker

See note under Cetradoniaceae (4575). (2006-1220)
4451. Clathroporina Mll. Arg.

4496. Cryphonectria (Sacc.) Sacc. & D. Sacc.
See note under Porinaceae (4465). (2006-07-17)

under Cryphonectriaceae (4496). Gryzenhout et
al. (2005a) proposed the conservation of the
4577. Coccotremataceae Henssen ex J.C.

David & D. Hawksw.
64
genus name with a conserved type, C. parasitica,

against C. gyrosa. (2006-10-18)
4419. Dasyscyphus Nees

The genus is shown to be a synonym of
Lachnum (Hyaloscyphaceae) by Sukov (2005).
For the later homonym Dasyscyphus Fuckel,
nom. illeg. the new name Neodasyscypha
Sukov & Spooner is proposed; see note under
that name. (2006-05-30)
4497. Cryphonectriaceae Gryzenh. & M.J.

Wingf.
Gryzenhout et al. (2006) described this family to
accommodate genera that cluster in the
Cryphonectria-Endothia complex and that are
distinguished from other groups in the
Diaporthales by pigmentation or distinctive color
pigment reactions. Additional genera that cluster
in this well supported familial clade are
Amphilogia, Chrysoporthe and Rostraureum. All
five genera form distinct and well supported
clades. (2006-10-18)
4636. Davidgallowia Aptroot

Aptroot (2007) described this new lichen genus
for a single collection from Papua New Guinea.
The genus is placed in Parmeliaceae and said to
differ from the morphologically similar genera
Cavernularia and Hypogymnia by the absence of
atranorin in the cortex and bicornute ascospores.
It differs from Menegazzia in having a smooth
upper surface and also bicornute ascospores. No
molecular data were presented. Since bicornute
ascospores are not regarded as a generic
character in other genera in Parmeliaceae (e.g.
Bulbothrix contains species with ellipsoidal and
bicornute ascospores; Divakar & Upreti 2004,
Elix 1994), the status of this genus requires
additional studies. It will be accepted in
Parmeliaceae for the time being. (2007-06-05)
4498. Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter

Kruys et al. (2006) demonstrated that the family
that is currently listed among families with
uncertain position in
Dothideomycetes/Chaetothyriomycetes belongs
to Pleosporales where it will be listed in the next
outline. (2006-10-18)
4635. Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter

This family will be placed in Pleosporales in the
forthcoming outline, following the study by
Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05)
4637. Davidiellaceae Schoch, Spatafora, Crous

& Shoemaker
This new family in Capnodiales is described for
Davidiella species with their Cladosporium
anamorphs (Schoch et al. 2007). (2007-06-05)
4578. Cuspidatispora A. Mill., Shearer,

Bartolata & Huhndorf
Miller et al. (2006) described a new genus and
species in Sordariales based on data from beta
tubulin and LSU genes. It has apiosporous
ascospores with a pronounced apical wall
extension and villose ascomata with a central
melanized wall layer and an areolate outer wall
layer. While apiosporous ascospores are
routinely found within the order, the apical wall
extension is a unique character in the group. The
family designation of Cuspidatispora is
unresolved and thus it is placed in Sordariales
inc. sed. (2006-12-20)
4638. Dekkera van der Walt

See note 4710 under Pichiaceae. (2007-06-05)
4499. Delitschiaceae M.E. Barr

The distinction of this family from
Sporormiaceae is supported by Kruys et al.
(2006). (2006-10-18)
4500. Diademaceae Shoemaker & C.E. Babc.

Kruys et al. (2006) demonstrated that the family
that is currently listed among families with
uncertain position in
4579. Cyttariales Luttr. ex Gamundi

See note under Leotiomycetes (4586). (2006-1220)
65

outline. (2006-10-18)
Kurtzman et al. (2007) emendated the diagnosis

of this genus to include Babjevia. (2007-06-05)
4639. Diatrypaceae Nitschke
4453. Dolichousnea (Y. Ohmura) Articus
A phylogenetic study based on morphological

characters of the family is presented by Caraman
et al. (2006) who propose to resurrect
Peroneutypa (see under note 4701). (2007-0605)
This genus will be treated as a synonym of

Usnea in the next outline; see note under Usnea
(4473). (2006-07-17)
4644. Dothideomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka

Schoch et al. (2007) presented a new
phylogenetic analysis using a multigene data set
from 96 taxa and discussed the evolution of
characters in this class. Numerous changes are
necessary as the result of this study; these are
listed under the subclass, order, family and
generic names. (2007-06-05)
4640. Dictyographa Mll. Arg.

This genus is reduced to synonymy with
Opegrapha by Ertz and Diederich (2007). These
authors confirm previous studies (Matzer 1996)
showing that the two genera agree in most
ascomatal characters, with the sole exception of
spore septation. While Opegrapha has
transversally septate ascospores, the spores in
Dictyographa are muriform. Consequently, the
two genera are merged, which will be followed
in the next outline. (2007-06-05)
4645. Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F.

Cannon, J.C, David & J.A. Stalpers ex
Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker
This genus clustered in Pleosporales in the

analyses by Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05)
The new subclass in Dothideomycetes (Schoch

et al. 2007) is described for the aparaphysate
Dothideomycetes and includes the orders
Capnodiales, Dothideales, and Myriangiales.
(2007-06-05)
4501. Didymosphaeriaceae Munk
4502. Endothia Fr.
Kruys et al. (2006) showed that the family that is

currently listed among families with uncertain
position in
outline. (2006-10-18)

4641. Didymella Sacc. ex D. Sacc.
4420. Enterographa Fe
The genus is revised by Sparrius (2004). He
accepted 35 species, mainly distributed in the
tropics. (2006-05-30)
4642. Diomedella Hertel

Diomedella was reduced to synonymy with
Lecanora by Rambold (1989), which will be
followed in the forthcoming outline. (2007-0605)
4503. Eremodothis Arx

Kruys et al. (2006) showed that this genus
belongs to Sporormiaceae and not
Testudinaceae. Hence it will be placed in the
former in the next outline. (2006-10-18)
4452. Diplogelasinospora Cain

See note under Sordariaceae (4469). (2006-0717)
4580. Erysiphales Gwynne-Vaughan

4643. Dipodascopsis L.R. Batra & Millner
66
This new genus was introduced by Cannon &

Evans (1999) for two species from East Africa
and the Seychelles occurring on Erythroxylaceae
with initially brightly colored stromata. The
genus will be listed in Phyllachoraceae. (200610-18)
4504. Erythromada Huhndorf, A.N. Mill.,

F.A. Fernndez & Lodge
This genus was described for a single species
with superficial, clustered ascomata and
scolecosporous ascospores (Huhndorf et al.
2005). LSU sequence data places it near
Rimaconus among a group of unresolved taxa in
the Sordariomycetidae. It will be listed in the
Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. in the next outline.
(2006-10-18)
4455. Frigidopyrenia Grube

Grube (2005) described this new genus to
accommodate an arctic lichen that was
previously placed in Collemopsidium or
Pyrenocollema. It, however, differs from these
genera by producing relatively large ascomata
with thick-walled, pigmented hyphae connecting
the ascomatal base with the lichen thallus,
different peridial cells and more cylindrical asci.
(2006-07-17)
4646. Etheirophora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.

See note 4662 under Hypocreomycetidae. (200706-05)
4581. Funiliomyces Aptroot

This new genus was described by Aptroot
(2004). In a phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA
sequences, the new genus was sister to a clade
including Arecophila K.D. Hyde and a Rosellinia
spp. The genus will be accepted in
Amphisphaeriaceae in the next outline. (200612-20)
4454. Eumitria Stirt.

(4473). (2006-07-17)
4647. Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka

Geiser et al. (2007) used a multigene data set to
infer the phylogeny of this class and provided an
overview of the incredible morphological
diversity in this clade. They confirmed the
monophyly of the class with two subclasses, i.e.
Chaetothyriomycetidae and Eurotiomycetidae.
The former includes the orders Chaetothyriales,
Pyrenulales, and Verrucariales, while
Eurotiomycetidae includes Coryneliales,
Eurotiales, and Onygenales (including
Arachnomyctales and Ascosphaerales). The
placement of Mycocaliciales in the class is not
strongly supported. (2007-06-05)
4421. Fusoidispora D. Vijaykrishna, R.

Jeewon & K.D. Hyde
This new genus was described by Vijaykrishna
et al. (2005) to accommodate a freshwater
fungus with fusoid ascospores with mucilaginous
pads at both apices and long cylindrical asci with
refractive apical rings. The genus is placed in
Annulatascaceae, which was found to be
polyphyletic (see under Annulatascaceae).
(2006-05-30)
4648. Gallaicolichen Serux. & Lcking

This new genus is introduced for a sterile
foliicolous lichen that cannot be placed
elsewhere (Serusiaux & Lcking 2007). In the
absence of any ascomata or molecular data, the
genus will be placed incertae sedis in the next
outline. (2007-06-05)
4505. Fibrillithecis A. Frisch

This genus was described by Frisch (2006); see
4506. Fremitomyces P.F. Cannon & H.C.

Evans
4507. Gelasinospora Dowding
67
In a molecular study using partial LSU, Garcia et

al (2004; see also Note #4194) determined that
Gelasinospora could not be maintained as
separate from Neurospora and was placed into
synonymy under the earlier genus. In that study
species of Sordaria were not included. With
multiple gene analyses the picture changes. Cai
et al. (2006) in a phylogenetic study using partial
LSU, ITS, and partial beta-tubulin, presented
evidence that is suggestive of a complex
relationship between species of Sordaria,
Gelasinospora and Neurospora with species of
Gelasinospora and Neurospora not forming a
single monophyletic clade separate from species
of Sordaria. As Gelasinospora and Neurospora
appear to be closely related but do not resolve as
monophyletic groups, Gelasinospora cannot be
maintained as a synonym of Neurospora and will
again be accepted as a separate genus in the
Sordariaceae. (2006-10-18)
4650. Gilkeya M.E. Sm., Trappe & Rizzo

Gilkeya is described as a monotypic genus for an
ectomycorrhizal fungus in Pyrenomataceae
(Smith et al. 2006). The new genus is similar to
Genea, but differs in having globose ascospores,
vinaceous peridium and lack of a basal tuft of
hyphae. In the phylogenetic analyses using nu
LSU rDNA sequences, the genus is sister to
Genea. (2007-06-05)
4508. Glionectria Crous & C.L. Schoch

Crous & Schoch (in Schoch et al. 2000)
described the new genus Glionectria
(Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) with the type species
G. tenuis Crous & C.L. Schoch O. Eriksson (in
litt.). (2006-10-18)
4649. Gemmaspora D. Hawksw. & Halici
4651. Glomerellaceae Locq. ex Seifert & W.

Gams
The new genus Gemmaspora is described for a

lichenicolous fungus occurring on Aspicilia
species. It is referred to Verrucariales based on
ascoma and ascus structure (Hawksworth &
Halici 2007). (2007-06-05)
This new family is described in Zhang et al.

(2007) to accommodate the genus Glomerella.
The new family is placed in Hypocreomycetidae
inc. sed. (2007-06-05)
4582. Geoglossaceae Corda
4456. Glomerobolus J. Kohlmeyer & B.

Volkmann-Kohlmeyer
Geoglossaceae together with Sarcoleotia formed

a strongly supported clade outside
Leotiomycetes in an analysis by Wang et al.
(2006). The authors proposed ad interim a
separate class Geoglossomycetes to
accommodate these fungi. This clade of
helotialean terrestrial fungi is characterized by
paraphyses with dark pigments and dark
ascospores. The family will be removed from
Leotiomycetes and placed incertae sedis in the
next outline. It remains to be seen in a study
including a wider taxon sampling of other
classes whether the group needs recognition as a
separate class. (2006-12-20)
An asexual fungus isolated from standing dead

leaves and culms of the black needle rush has
been placed in this monotypic genus by
Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer (1996).
Its relationship was unknown. A molecular study
by Schoch et al. (2006) showed that it belongs to
Stictidaceae in Ostropales, where it will be listed
4584. Graphidaceae Dumort.

A combined data set of mt SSU and nu LSU
rDNA data was used by Staiger et al. (2006) to
evaluate the revised generic concept in the
family proposed by Staiger (2002). They confirm
that the family is paraphyletic and suggest
including Thelotremataceae as a synonym. Given
the restricted number of taxa studied so far and
the poor backbone support of the phylogenetic
tree presented, we prefer to postpone formal
changes in the classification of the two families
until a study including a wider taxon sampling
4583. Geopyxis (Pers.) Sacc.

Zhuang & Liu (2006) emended the generic
concept of Geopyxis to accommodate species
with ornamented and guttulate ascospores and
presented morphological and nuSSU rDNA
sequence data to support their emendation.
(2006-12-20)
68
has been made. Some revised generic

circumscriptions, such as that of Glyphis,
Phaeographis and Platygramme are supported,
while other genera, such as Graphis and
Hemithecium are shown to be non-monophyletic.
(2006-12-20)
and Diederich (2007) point out similarities to

other mycoparasitic Helotiales. Currently, the
genus is placed under Ascomycota inc. sed. and
will remain there until molecular data become
available that will allow us to understand the
relationships of that genus. (2007-06-05)
4509. Grosmannia Gold.
4585. Helotiales Nannf.
This genus is re-instated by Zipfel et al. (2006);

see note under Ophiostoma (4537). (2006-10-18)
In a phylogenetic analysis employing nu rDNA

sequence data, Wang et al. (2006) found nine
distinct clades within the order, which may form
the basis for a future family classification within
this order. The morphology of the clades is
discussed and some of the clades correspond to
currently recognized families, but in most the
data suggest that the circumscriptions of these
need revision. (2006-12-20)
4652. Guignardia Viala & Ravaz

Schoch et al. (2007) showed that the genus
belongs to Botryosphaeriaceae. (2007-06-05)
4653. Gyalectales Henssen & Jahns ex D.

Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
4655. Helotiales Nannf.
Gyalectales was shown to be nested within

Ostropales by Miadlikowska et al. (2007) who
discussed the possible classification of
Ostropales (Ostropales s. lat. vs. Graphidales,
Gyalectales and Ostropales s.str.). Gyalectales
will be included in Ostropales in the next outline.
Molecular analyses including Gomphillaceae and
Odontotremataceae are urgently needed for a
revised classification in this group. (2007-06-05)
Wang et al. (2007) found this order to be

paraphyletic with Cyttariales, Erysiphales, and
Rhytismatales nested within. (2007-06-05)
4656. Heyderia (Fr.) Link

genus from Helotiaceae to Hemiphacidiaceae.
(2007-06-05)
4510. Gymnostellatospora Udag., Uchiy. &

Kamiya
4657. Himantormia I.M. Lamb
Rice & Currah (2006) confirmed that this genus

is distinct from Pseudogymnoascus using ITS
sequence data. Gymnostellatospora
accommodates taxa with walnut-shaped
ascospores with distinct longitudinal crests and
striations. (2006-10-18)
The placement of this Antarctic endemic in

Parmeliaceae is supported by Thell et al. (2007),
but the closest relative within the family remains
unknown. The genus is expanded to include
Nimisia that occurs in Tierra del Fuego (see note
4694). (2007-06-05)
4511. Gyrotrema A. Frisch
4512. Holocryphia Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf.
This monotypic genus was described by Frisch

(Frisch & Kalb 2006) to accommodate
Ocellularia sinuosa; see note under
Thelotremataceae (4561). (2006-10-18)
This genus was described by Gryzenhout et al.

(2006a) to accommodate Cryphonectria
eucalypti that is distinguished by its ascospore
septation from other Cryphonectria species and
is distinct in a phylogenetic analysis. It was
included in analyses of ITS data (Nakabonge et
al. 2006) and clusters near Cryphonectria. The
genus will be accepted in Cryphonectriaceae in
the next outline. (2006-10-18)
4654. Helicogonium W.L. White

Suh et al. (2007) include this genus in
Endomycetaceae. However, no molecular data
are currently available and Baral (1999) and Ertz
69
supported by other studies (Zhang et al. 2007).

(2007-06-05)
4658. Holwaya Sacc.

genus from Helotiaceae to Bulgariaceae. (200706-05)
4423. Hypoxylon Bull.

Beta-tubulin and alpha-actin sequence data were
used by Hsieh et al. (2005) to infer phylogenetic
relationships among several xylariaceous genera
with nodulisporioid anamorphs. Hypoxylon was
found to be polyphyletic with Hypoxylon sect.
Hypoxylon closely related to Daldinia and
Hypoxylon sect. Annulata as a distinct lineage.
The latter was accepted as a separate genus
Annulohypoxylon. (2006-05-30)
4422. Hyaloscyphaceae Nannf.

A phylogenetic study employing nu SSU rDNA
sequences by Untereiner et al. (2006) showed the
family to be polyphyletic. (2006-05-30)
4659. Hymeneliaceae Krb.

In the analysis by Miadlikowska et al. (2007)
this family was sister to Agyriales. It will be
placed in Ostropomycetidae inc. sed. in the next
outline. (2007-06-05)
4663. Hysteriales Lindau

The order was is not monophyletic with only
three out of the four species sampled forming a
clade. Although falling within the
Dothideomycetes, the clade containing
Hysterium could not be placed within the two
subclasses defined (Schoch et al. 2007). (200706-05)
4660. Hyphopichia von Arx & van der Walt

Kurtzman (2005) presented molecular evidence
for the distinction of this genus, which will be
accepted in Saccharomycetales inc. sed. in the
4664. Jahnulales Pang, Abdel-Wahab, ElSharouney, E.B.G. Jones & Sivichai
4661. Hypocenomyce M. Choisy
The placement of this order in Dothideomycetes

remains unclear based on nu SSU (Schoch et al.
2007, data not shown, however). (2007-06-05)

genus should be transferred from Lecideaceae to
Ophioparmaceae, supporting earlier studies by
Wedin et al. (2005). (2007-06-05)
4513. Japewiella Printzen

4662. Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. &
Winka
This genus was segregated from Japewia

(Printzen 1999) for species differing in spore
wall morphology, paraphyses branching,
structure of the exciple, and the presence of
atranorin. The genus will be accepted in
Lecanoraceae in the next outline. (2006-10-18)
Schoch et al. (2007b) demonstrated the presence

of a third lineage of marine fungi in this subclass
in addition to Halosphaeriales and Lulworthiales.
This clade is informally named TBM clade, since
relationships are not resolved with confidence.
The genera in this clade will be placed in
Hypocreomycetidae inc. sed. In the next outline.
The clade includes the genera Etheirophora
(previously Halosphaeriales), Juncigena
(previously in Magnaporthaceae), Swampomyces
and Torpedospora (both previously in
Sordariomycetes inc. sed.). The placement of
Bertia, Chaetosphaerella and Melanospora in
the TBM clade is uncertain due to long branches
leading to these taxa, although the placement of
these groups in the Hypocreomycetidae is
4665. Juncigena Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. &

O.E. Erikss.
4666. Kawasakia Y. Yamada & Nogawa

See note 4677. (2007-06-05)
70
4518. Lachnocaulon Clem. & Shaer. nom.

illeg.
4514. Kazachstania Zubcova

Based on different ascospore walls and
molecular data Kurtzman et al. (2005) accepted
this genus as distinct from Saccharomyces. It
includes pathogenic yeasts occurring in birds and
mammals. The genus will be accepted in
Saccharomycetaceae in the next outline. (200610-18)
This genus is currently placed in Cladoniaceae. It

is a later homonym of Lachnocaulon Kunth
(1841). Acccording to Feuerer (see "Checklist of
lichens and lichenicolous fungi of New
Zealand"; http://www.biologie.unihamburg.de/checklists/australianewzealand/newzealand_l.htm) it is a synonym
of Stereocaulon and hence will be treated as a
synonym of the latter in the next outline. - O.
Eriksson (in litt.). (2006-10-18)
4667. Kirschsteiniothelia D. Hawksw.

This genus clustered in Dothideomycetes in the
analysis by Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05)
4424. Lasiobolidium Malloch & Cain

The placement of Lasiobolidium in
Pyrenomataceae is supported Hansen et al.
(2005); see note under Orbicula. (2006-05-30)
4668. Kodamaea Y. Yamada, T. Suzuki,

Matsuda & Mikata
See note 4718 under Saccharomycetes. (200706-05)
4670. Lecanoromycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) presented a new
phylogenetic analysis based on five different
nuclear loci including over 250 taxa. The class is
strongly supported as monophyletic with three
monophyletic subclasses: Acarosporomycetidae,
Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetidae, and
Candelariaceae that cannot be placed in either of
the sublclasses. (2007-06-05)
4515. Komagataella Y. Yamada, M Matsuda,

K. Maeda & Mikata
This genus is accepted by Kurtzman (2005); it
will be listed in Saccharomycetaceae in the next
outline. (2006-10-18)
4669. Kregervanrija Kurtzman

Kurtzman (2006) proposed this new genus that is
placed in Pichiaceae, see also note 4710 under
Pichiaceae. (2007-06-05)
4671. Lecanoromycetidae nom. nud.

The circumscription of this subclass remains
uncertain. In the study of Miadlikowska et al.
(2007) the subclass including Umbilicariaceae,
Rhizocarpaceae and allied families lacks support.
The phylogenetic placement of these families
requires additional studies. (2007-06-05)
4516. Kuraishia Y. Yamada, K. Maeda &

Mikata
Peter et al. (2005) used this generic name for a
yeast-type isolated from wood-associated
habitats. The genus will be accepted in
4672. Lecideaceae Chevall.

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) demonstrated that
this family should be transferred from
Lecanorales to Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed.
Further, they confirmed previous results of
Buschbom & Mueller (2004) Porpidiaceae is
synonymous with this family. (2007-06-05)
4517. Lachancea Kurtzman

This genus was described by Kurtzman (2003)
for a monophyletic group of species formerly
placed in Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces and
Zygosaccharomyces. It will be accepted in
4673. Lecidoma Gotth. Schneid. & Hertel
71

genus needs to be transferred from Psoraceae to
Lecideaceae. (2007-06-05)
4520. Leptotrema Mont. & Bosch

The genus is used in a restricted sense by Frisch
(2006) including only L. wightii; see note under
Thelotremataceae (4561). (2006-10-18)
4519. Lentomitella Hhn.

This genus is resurrected by Rblov (2006) for
three species formerly in Ceratostomella that
have a phaeoisaria-like anamorph in culture
along with other morphological distinctions. The
genus is separate from Ceratostomella using data
from SSU and LSU but also lies within the
Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. (2006-10-18)
4521. Letendraea Sacc.

Kruys et al. (2006) provided evidence that this
genus does not belong to Tubeufiaceae, where it
is currently placed. It will be placed in
Pleosporales inc. sed. in the next outline. (200610-18)
4674. Leotiomyceta O.E. Erikss. & Winka

4522. Leucodecton A. Massal.
Spatafora et al. (2007) found Leotiomyceta to be

a strongly supported monophyletic group in a
five-gene analysis of Pezizomycotina with
Pezizomycetes and Orbiliomycetes being basal
to this clade. Consequently, Leotiomyceta will
be resurrected in the next outline. (2007-06-05)
This genus was resurrected by Frisch (2006); see

4676. Lignoscripta B.D. Ryan

This new genus is described for a single new
lichen species collected on wood in southwestern
North America (Ryan 2004). It is said to differ
from the similar Xylographa by having whitish
pruinose apothecial margins, black discs,
bacilliform conidia and further ascomatal
characters. The genus is placed in Agyriaceae.
(2007-06-05)
4586. Leotiomycetes Eriksson & Winka

The monophyly of a core group of helotialean
fungi, including Cyttariales, Erysiphales,
Helotiales, Rhytismatales, and Myxotrichaceae is
supported in a phylogenetic study by Wang et al.
(2006). However, the sole member of
Lichinomycetes (Peltula umbilicata) included in
the study was nested within Leotiomycetes,
which was interpreted as long-branch attraction.
Geoglossaceae fell outside Leotiomycetes, see
note under Geoglossaceae (4582). (2006-12-20)
4677. Lipomycetaceae E.K. Novk & Zsolt

Kurtzman et al. (2007) used a multigene data set
to study the phylogeny of Lipomycetaceae. They
confirmed this family to be monophyletic and
proposed a revised generic concept: the genera
Kawasakia and Zygozyma are reduced to
synonymy with Lipomyces and Babjevia with
Dipodascopsis. (2007-06-05)
4675. Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka

Wang et al. (2007) studied the phylogeny of this
class using nuclear ribosomal sequences. They
found strong support for the class including the
orders Cyttariales, Erysiphales, Rhytismatales, a
paraphyletic Helotiales, and the families
Myxotrichiaceae and Pseudoeurotiaceae that
cannot be placed in either of these orders.
Geoglossaceae was confirmed as being outside
the class (corroborated by Spatafora et al. 2007).
(2007-06-05)
4425. Lithographa Nyl.

Coppins & Fryday (2006) described a new
species from the Subantarctic Campbell Island
that differs from previously described species in
having submuriform ascospores. Septate
ascospores are very rare in Agyriales and were
previously known only in Anzina. (2006-05-30)
4587. Leptosphaerulina D. McAlpine

See note under Pleosporaceae (4598). (2006-1220)
4523. Lobariella Yoshim.
72
Piccolia A. Massal. by thallus morphology,

ascus-type and secondary chemistry. The genus
will be accepted in the forthcoming outline in
Ramalinaceae, but additional studies including
molecular data appear necessary for a proper
placement of the genus. (2006-12-20)
This genus was described by Yoshimura (2002)

to accommodate the Lobaria crenulata group.
Lobaria appeared non-monophyletic in some
phylogenetic studies (e.g., Thomas et al. 2002,
Stenroos et al. 2003) hence supporting a generic
splitting as suggested by Yoshimura. However,
in multi-gene studies (Wiklund & Wedin 2003,
Wedin & Wiklund 2004) the genus is supported
in the traditional circumscription as
monophyletic. Until further evidence, Lobariella
will be treated within Lobaria in the outline.
(2006-10-18)
4681. Lulworthiales Kohlm., Spatafora &

Volkm.-Kohlm.
Tang et al. (2007) and Zhang et al. (2007)
showed that the order does not fit into any of the
three subclasses of Sordariomycetes. (2007-0605)
4588. Lobothallia (Clauzade & Cl. Roux)

Hafellner
See note under Megasporaceae (4591). (200612-20)
4590. Macroventuria Aa
4524. Loflammiopsis Lcking & Kalb

This genus was described by Lcking & Kalb
(2000) for a new foliicolous lichen collected in
the Amazonian rainforest. It is placed in the
Pilocarpaceae in the next outline. (2006-10-18)
4525. Malcolmiella Vezda

Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Ramalinaceae.
(2007-06-05)
This genus was described by Vezda (1997) for

lecideoid taxa with tube-like structures in the
ascal tholus, paraplectenchymatous exciple and
halonate ascospores. Several species were added
by Lcking & Kalb (2000). This tropical genus
will be accepted in the next outline and
tentatively placed in Pilocarpaceae; molecular
data are necessary to confirm this placement that
is based on similarities in ascus-type. (2006-1018)
4679. Lophiostomataceae Sacc.
4526. Malvinia Dbbeler
The family is polyphyletic and falls into two

groups in the study by Schoch et al. (2007).
(2007-06-05)
This monotypic genus was described by

Dbbeler (2003) for a muscicolous fungus
occurring in the Falkland Islands. It is placed in
Ostropales inc. sed. (2006-10-18)
4678. Lopezaria Kalb & Hafellner
4680. Loxosporaceae Kalb & Staiger

4682. Massalongiaceae Wedin, P.M. Jrg. &
E. Wiklund
See note 4720 under Sarrameanaceae. (2007-0605)
This new family is introduced for a

monophyletic clade including the genera
Leptochidium, Massalongia and Polychidium
(Wedin et al. 2007). These genera were
previously placed inc. sed. in Peltigerinaeae
(Massalongia) or Placynthiaceae (Leptochidium,
Polychidium). The new family is
morphologically characterized by a similar type
of ascoma development and ascus-type. (200706-05)
4589. Lueckingia Aptroot & Umana

Lueckingia is described for a single new
lichenized species from a single locality in a
lowland forest in Costa Rica (Aptroot et al.
2006). It is placed in Ramalinaceae based on
ascus-type. It differs from Physcidia Tuck. in
having polysporous asci and other characters and
73
morphological differences, such as small and

superficial ascomata and long paraphyses
between conidiophores. (2006-10-18)
4591. Megasporaceae Lumbsch, Feige & K.

Schmitz
Schmitt et al. (2006), using a combined nu LSU
and mt SSU rDNA data set, confirmed
placement of the family in Pertusariales and
showed that the genera Aspicilia and
Lobothallia, currently placed in Hymeneliaceae,
also belong to this family. In the next outline
these two genera will be included in
Megasporaceae. (2006-12-20)
4686. Mollicamarops Lar. N. Vassilijeva

Vassilijeva (2007) described this new genus
from the Russian Far East. Mollicamarops is
characterized by effused, colored, soft and thin
stromata with black stellate ostioles. The stipitate
asci and ellipsoid brown ascospores are similar
to those found in some species of Camarops and
typical for members of the Boliniaceae, where it
will be included. No molecular data were
included but these could help to determine if it is
distinct from Camarops. (2007-06-05)
4683. Melanosporales nom. nud.

This order is suggested in Zhang et al. (2007) but
not validly described. (2007-06-05)
4426. Moristroma A.I. Romero & Samuels

4527. Melanotrema A. Frisch
The genus, which is currently placed in

Teichosporaceae (Pleosporales), has been studied
by Nordn et al. (2005). Their analysis of the
ITS and LSU rDNA suggested a placement in
Chaetothyriomycetidae instead. It differs from
other Chaetothyriales, however, in lacking
periphyses and hence will be classified as
Chaetothyriomycetidae incertae sedis. (2006-0530)
This genus was described by Frisch (Frisch &

Kalb 2006); see note under Thelotremataceae
(4561). (2006-10-18)
4528. Menisporopascus Matsush.

for a species isolated from decaying litter and
forming the teleomorph and a Menisporopsis
4592. Muhria P.M. Jrg.

In a phylogenetic study employing ITS and betatubulin sequences of 49 ingroup taxa, Hgnabba
(2006) supported the nesting of Muhria in
Stereocaulon Hoffm. and formerly synonymized
Muhria with Sterecaulon, which will be
followed in the next outline. (2006-12-20)
4684. Microascales Luttr. ex Benny & Kimbr.

This order was paraphyletic in the studies by
Tang et al. (2007) and Zhang et al. (2007) with
Halosphaeriales nested within. (2007-06-05)
4687. Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau

The family belongs to Capnodiales (Schoch et al.
2007). (2007-06-05)
4685. Microglossum Gillet

This genus was previously placed in
Geoglossaceae, but according to Spatafora et al.
(2007) it should be classified in Leotiaceae. This
is also corroborated in the study by Wang et al.
(2007). (2007-06-05)
4688. Myriangiales Starbck

This order is placed in Dothideomycetidae by
Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05)
4529. Microthia Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf.

4689. Myriogonium W.L. White
Gryzenhout et al. (2006a) distinguished this

monotypic genus in Cryphonectriaceae based on
their phylogenetic analysis and subtle
Suh et al. (2007) accepted this genus in

Endomycetaceae. However, no molecular data
74
are currently available and Baral (1999) placed

the genus into synonymy with Helicogonium.
Until more data are available, the genus will be
regarded as a synonym of Helicogonium. (200706-05)
4532. Naumovia Kurtzman nom. illeg.

This genus was described by Kurtzman (2003)
including two species. Unfortunately, the name
is a younger homonym of Naumovia Dobrozr.
(Dothideomycetes). (2006-10-18)
4530. Myriotrema Fe
The circumscription of this genus is changed by
Frisch (2006); see note under Thelotremataceae
(4561). (2006-10-18)
4533. Neococcomyces Y.R. Lin, C.T. Xiang &

Z.Z. Li
4690. Mytilinidiaceae Kirschst.
Lin et al. (1999) described this new genus that

belongs to Rhytismataceae. The genus is
characterized by multi-angular ascomata opening
by several radial or irregular splits and
bifusiform, septate ascospores. Gao & Hou
(2006) recently described an additional species
in that genus. (2006-10-18)
The family is shown to belong to Pleosporales

(Schoch et al. 2007). (2007-06-05)
4457. Myxotrichaceae Currah

In a study on the phylogenetic position of
Pseudogymnoascus roseus Jian & Yao (2005)
found Myxotrichaceae to be polyphyletic and
supported that the family is not related to
4427. Neodasyscypha Sukov & Spooner

For Dasyscyphus Fuckel, nom. illeg. this new
generic name was proposed by Sukov (2005),
which has been proposed previously (Spooner
1987) but not validly published. Neodasyscypha
will be included in the next outline in
Hyaloscyphaceae. (2006-05-30)

4428. Neofuscelia Essl.

but since molecular data have shown it to be part
of Xanthoparmelia (Blanco et al. 2004), it will
be treated as a synonym of the latter in the next
outline. (2006-05-30)
Wang et al. (2007) found this family to be

polyphyletic. (2007-06-05)
4531. Nakaseomyces Kurtzman

Nakaseomyces was described by Kurtzman
(2003); it will be accepted in
4458. Neofuscelia Essl.

Xanthoparmelia in the next outline; see note
under Xanthoparmelia (4474). (2006-07-17)
4692. Nakazawaea Y. Yamada, Maeda &

Mikata
4693. Neolectomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
See note 4733. (2007-06-05)
4429. Nephromopsis Mll. Arg.
4594. Namakwa Hale
Thell et al. (2005) studied the phylogeny of

cetrarioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) with bifusiform
75
stipes. Its taxonomic position is unclear, since it

is only known in sterile condition and no
molecular data are presented. Nyungwea will be
listed as genus of uncertain affinities in the next
outline. (2006-05-30)
conidia, dorsiventral thalli that contain usnic acid

using ITS, beta-tubulin, and GAPDH sequences.
Tuckneraria is polyphyletic and nested within
Nephromopsis. Consequently, the concept of
Nephromopsis is enlarged to include
Tuckneraria and some species previously
classified in Cetraria sensu lato. The genus has
its center of distribution in eastern Asia and
includes 19 species. (2006-05-30)
4536. Ocellularia G. Mey.

(4561). (2006-10-18)
4459. Neuropogon Nees & Flotow

(4473). (2006-07-17)
4595. Ochrolechiaceae R.C. Harris ex

Lumbsch & I. Schmitt
In a combined nu LSU and mt SSU rDNA
sequence analysis Schmitt et al. (2006) showed
that Ochrolechia and the Variolaria and
Varicellaria groups of Pertusaria do not
belong to Pertusariaceae and hence the
previously proposed family Ochrolechiaceae is
resurrected and validly described. In the next
outline Ochrolechiaceae will be accepted as a
family within Pertusariales. (2006-12-20)
4534. Nigromammilla K.D. Hyde & J. Frhl.

This genus is described for a new ascomycete (as
"Nigramammilla") found in Ecuador and Hong
Kong (Hyde & Frhlich 2003) that is placed in
Lasiosphaeriaceae, where it is distinguished by
mammiform and thin-walled ascomata and asci
with a distinctive apical ring. It does not
however match the concept for the group
outlined by Huhndorf et al (2004) and will be
moved to the Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. (200610-18)
4460. Oevstedalia Ertz & Diederich

This new genus is described for an Antarctic
endemic species that is shown to be distinct from
Trimmatothele, in which it was classified
previously. The new genus is characterized by
pale ascomata with a hyphal wall,
pseudoparaphyses, an I- center, and
subcylindrical, thin-walled asci, and the
production of ascoconidia (Ertz & Diederich
2004). The authors compare the genus to
Epigloeaceae. It will be listed as genus of
uncertain affinities in the next outline. (2006-0717)
4694. Nimisia Krnefelt & A. Thell

This monotypic genus is shown to belong to
Himantormia using molecular and
morphological data (Thell et al. 2007) and hence
will be placed in synonymy with the latter genus
is the forthcoming outline. (2007-06-05)
4535. Notocladonia S. Hammer

The genus Ramalea is shown to be polyphyletic
with Ramalea s.str. being outside Cladoniaceae
and R. cochleata being transferred to the
monotypic genus Notocladonia (Hammer 2003).
It will be accepted in Cladoniaceae in the next
outline, while Ramalea will be moved to
Lecanorales inc. sed. (2006-10-18)
4695. Ogataea Y. Yamada, Maeda & Mikata

This genus was recently accepted by Morais et
al. (2004) and Peter et al. (2007). (2007-06-05)
4596. Okeanomyces K.L. Pang & E.B.G.

Jones
4430. Nyungwea Srus., Eb. Fischer &
Killmann
This genus was described for Halosphaeria

cucullata, which was shown by Pang et al.
(2004) not to be congeneric with the type species
of Halosphaeria. It will be accepted in
Srusiaux et al. (2006) described a new crustose

lichen collected in east Africa in this new genus.
It is unusual in producing goniocysts in pale
76
4700. Pachyphysis R.C. Harris & Ladd
Halosphaeriaceae in the next outline. (2006-1220)
This genus is described for a crustose lichen

found on calcareous rocks in eastern North
America (Harris & Ladd 2007). It is related to
Farnoldia and Melanolecia (Buschbom &
Mueller 2004), but differs from these genera in
paraphyses and apothecial pigmentation. The
genus is tentatively placed in Porpidiaceae. This
family cannot be distinguished from
Lecideaceae. Additional studies on the generic
concept in the group are urgently needed. (200706-05)
4696. Ophioparmaceae R.W. Rogers &

Hafellner
(2007-06-05)
4537. Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd.

The heterogeneity of the genus has been
supported in a multi-gene phylogenetic study by
Zipfel et al. (2006). Two distinct groups are
segregated at generic level and will be accepted
in the next outline. Species with Leptographium
anamorphs are included in the genus
Grosmannia, while the genus Ceratocystiopsis
includes cycloheximide-sensitive species with
short perithecial necks, falcate ascospores and
Hyalorhinocladiella anamorphs. (2006-10-18)
4538. Paragaeumannomyces Matsush.

for a species with distinctive spherical cells in
the outer ascomatal wall. The species described
is the same as Chaetosphaeria raciborskii, so the
genus is considered a synonym of
Chaetosphaeria in the Chaetosphaeriaceae.
(2006-10-18)
4461. Parasiphula Kantvilas & Grube

4431. Orbicula Cooke
This new genus is described to accommodate the

Siphula complanata- and S. fragilis-groups
(Grube & Kantvilas 2006). Using nu LSU and
ITS rDNA sequences, the new genus is shown to
belong to Coccotremataceae, while Siphula s.str.
belongs to Icmadophilaceae. Parasiphula
consists of species restricted to cool to cold
latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, which is
also the center of distribution of Coccotrema.
The authors show a remarkable case of parallel
evolution of lineages that have lost sexual stages
and propagate via thallus fragments in two
families of Ostropomycetidae. (2006-07-17)
The placement of this cleistothecial genus in

Pyrenomataceae is supported by a phylogenetic
study using nu SSU rDNA sequences (Hansen et
al. 2005). Orbicula parietina and Lasiobolidium
orbiculoides, a second cleistothecial fungus,
studied by Hansen et al. (2005), were deeply
nested within Pyrenomataceae. (2006-05-30)
4697. Otidea (Pers.) Bon.

The phylogeny of this genus is examined by Liu
and Zhuang (2006) using nu LSU rDNA
sequences. The genus is shown to be
monophyletic including Flavoscypha and
Otideopsis. (2007-06-05)
4539. Paratalaromyces Matsush.

for a species isolated from soil and forming the
teleomorph and a Penicillium anamorph in
culture. It is placed in the Eurotiomycetidae inc.
sed. until its affinities can be established. (200610-18)
4698. Otideopsis B. Liu & J.Z. Cao

Liu and Zhuang (2006) reduced this genus into
synonymy with Otidea (see note 4697). (200706-05)
4462. Parmelaria D.D. Awasthi
4699. Oxneria S. Kondratyuk & Krnefelt
This genus was nested within Parmotrema A.

Massal. in a phylogenetic study by Blanco et al.
(2005). However, independence of the genus
See note 4735. (2007-06-05)
77
supported as monophyletic with Orbiliomycetes

being basal (basal position lacks support) and
Pezizomycetes being sister to Leotiomyceta.
Within Leotiomycetes the currently accepted
classes are supported as monophyletic with the
exception of Leotiomycetes. Geoglossaceae
cluster with a single Lichinomycete taxon
included in the study. The tree topology
resembles that found in a study including clades
from all fungi by James et al. (2006). (2007-0605)
could not be rejected significantly and hence the

authors did not suggest to reduce the genus under
synonymy under Parmotrema until additional
data becomes available. Parmelaria is therefore
accepted in the outline until more data clarify the
phylogenetic placement of the genus. (2006-0717)
4701. Peroneutypa Berl.

Carmaran et al. (2007) resurrected this genus for
a monophyletic clade of species characterized by
a special type of ascus (type 2 asci) in
Diatrypaceae. It will be accepted in the next
outline. (2007-06-05)
4704. Phaffomyces Y. Yamada, Higashi, S.

Ando & Mikata
4597. Pertusariaceae Krb. ex Krb.

Schmitt et al. (2006) showed that the family in
the current circumscription is heterogeneous and
restricted the family to Loxosporopsis Brodo,
Henssen & Imshaug and Pertusaria DC. s. str.,
which will be followed in the next outline.
(2006-12-20)
4705. Phlyctidaceae Poelt & Vezda ex J.C.

David & D. Hawksw.
family should be placed in Ostropales, which
agrees with previous molecular studies (e.g.,
Wedin et al. 2005). (2007-06-05)
4432. Peterjamesia D. Hawksw.

4706. Phoebus R.C. Harris & Ladd
For nomenclatural reasons this new generic

name is introduced to accommodate two taxa
previously placed in Sclerophytomyces Cif. &
Tomas., which is an illegitimate name
(Hawksworth 2006). (2006-05-30)
This new genus in Roccellaceae is described for

a crustose lichen found on calcareous rocks in
eastern North America (Harris & Ladd 2007)
and will be accepted in this family in the next
outline. (2007-06-05)
4702. Pezizales C. Bessey

4707. Physciaceae Zahlbr.
Hansen and Pfister (2007) presented a treatment

of this order of operculate discomycetes that
included a two-gene analysis of nuclear
ribosomal sequences. Basically their results
agree with those previously presented (Landvik
et al. 1997). The order is supported as
monophyletic with three major clades, each
including several families. Pyrenomataceae is
not monophyletic with Ascodesmiaceae and
Glaziellaceae nested within. However, additional
data are necessary before nomenclatural
consequences can be drawn. (2007-06-05)

this family (including Caliciaceae) should be
transferred from Lecanorales to Teloschistales.
(2007-06-05)
4708. Piceomphale Svrcek

genus from Helotiales inc. sed. to
Rutstroemiaceae. (2007-06-05)
4709. Pichia Hansen
4703. Pezizomycotina O.E. Erikss. & Winka
In a five-gene analysis including nine classes

Spatafora et al. (2007) studied the phylogeny of
Pezizomycotina. The subphylum is strongly
78
elaterascus with Massarina ramunculicola. The

polyphyletic nature of Kirschsteiniothelia and its
removal from the Pleosporaceae based on the
type species, K. aethiops, has already been
discussed elsewhere (see Note 4397).
Wettsteinina is separate from the clades
containing Pleospora species and should
probably be removed from the Pleosporaceae. It
will be listed among Dothideomycetes inc. sed.
until more sequence data are available. The
family placement for Leptosphaerulina and
Macroventuria is also unclear. They appear
separate from the other Pleosporaceae but the
backbone support of the phylogenetic tree is
poor. They will be listed among
Dothideomycetes inc. sed. until more sequence
data are available. (2006-12-20)
4710. Pichiaceae Zender

Suh et al. (2007) accepted this family as separate
from Saccharomycetaceae. This will be followed
in the next outline. The following genera will be
placed in Pichiaceae: Dekkera, Kregervanrija,
Pichia, and Saturnispora. (2007-06-05)
4540. Piedraiaceae Vigas ex Cif., Bat. &

Campos
This family is shown to belong to Myriangiales
(Kruys et al. 2006), where it will be placed in the
4711. Piedraiaceae Vigas ex Cif., Bat. &

Campos
Piedraiaceae will be placed in Capnodiales in the
next outline, as a result of the phylogenetic
analyses by Schoch et al. (2007). (2007-06-05)
4713. Pleosporomycetidae Schoch, Spatafora,

Crous & Shoemaker
This new subclass is described to accommodate
pseudoparaphysate taxa mainly represented by
the Pleosporales in Schoch et al. (2007). (200706-05)
4712. Placynthiaceae .E. Dahl

Peltigerineae to Collematineae. (2007-06-05)
4714. Pneumocystidomycetes O.E. Erikss. &

Winka
See note 4733. (2007-06-05)
4463. Plectocarpon Fe
This genus is monographed by Ertz et al. (2005).
They accept 32 species of lichenicolous species.
The distinction to similar genera in Arthoniales
are discussed and a key to the genera of
Arthoniales including lichenicolous taxa is
presented. (2006-07-17)
4433. Podospora Ces.

See note under Schizothecium. (2006-05-30)
4541. Podostroma P. Karst.

Chamberlain et al. (2004) include Podostroma in
Hypocrea based on similarities of microscopic
and anamorphic characters. The genus will be
included in Hypocrea in the next outline. (200610-18)
4598. Pleosporaceae Nitschke

Kodsueb et al. (2006) examined the phylogenetic
relationships of the Pleosporaceae using nu LSU
sequence data. They identified five clades
containing fungi that are currently classified in
the family (A1, A2, B, D, G). The relationships
among these clades have no support and two of
the clades containing Pleospora, Pyrenophora,
Cochliobolus and Setosphaeria have little
support except at the terminal branches. The
clade containing Leptosphaerulina and
Macroventuria has strong bootstrap and
Bayesian support as does the Wettsteinina clade
that also includes Pleomassaria siparia. Another
clade with strong support is Kirschsteiniothelia
4542. Polysporella Woron.

Woronichin (1916) described this genus with the
type species P. woronowii Woron.
(Mycosphaerellaceae) O. Eriksson (in. litt.).
(2006-10-18)
4543. Polysporinopsis Vezda
79

Further, they confirmed previous results of
Buschbom & Mueller (2004) that this family
cannot be distinguished from Lecideaceae.
Consequently, it will be placed into synonymy
with Lecideaceae in the next outline. (2007-0605)
This genus is shown to be polyphyletic by Crewe

et al. (2006) and the type (P. sinopica) is shown
to belong to Acarospora s.str. Consequently, the
genus will be treated as a synonym of
Acarospora in the next outline. (2006-10-18)
4464. Porina Mll. Arg.

4544. Potridiscus Dbbeler & Triebel
4465. Porinaceae Reichenb.
This muscicolous genus was described by

Dbbeler & Triebel (2000) and is placed in
Helotiales inc. sed. in the next outline. (2006-1018)
The phylogeny within this family is inferred by

Baloch and Grube (2006) using mt SSU rDNA
sequences. Previously different generic concepts
were applied in this family resulting in deviating
classifications (Hafellner & Kalb 1995, Harris
1995, McCarthy 2003). The inferred phylogeny
does not support any of these concepts:
Clathroporina Mll. Arg. and Segestria Fr.,
accepted by Harris (1995), are polyphyletic;
Hafellner and Kalb (1995) accepted
Pseudosagedia (Mll. Arg.) M. Choisy, which is
polyphyletic; Trichothelium Mll. Arg. is
polyphyletic in the circumscription of Harris
(1995) and nested within Porina in the
circumscription of McCarthy (2003). The
authors do not suggest any formal consequences,
but distinguish four main clades within the
family that are mostly characterized by a
combination of characters, although none of
these characters uniquely characterizes a group.
(2006-07-17)
4434. Protoparmeliopsis M. Choisy

This genus is currently accepted in the outline. It
is a name available for the Lecanora muralis
group in the heterogeneous genus Lecanora.
However, since currently we lack sufficient data,
the genus will be listed as a synonym of
Lecanora until further data become available.
(2006-05-30)
4435. Protothelenellaceae Vezda, H.

Mayrhofer & Poelt
Schmitt et al. (2005) demonstrated it belongs to
Ostropomycetidae. Its exact placement is
uncertain and it will be placed in
Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis in the next
outline. (2006-05-30)
4599. Porinella R. Sant.

This new name was described in Vezda (2004b)
for Porinula Vezda, which is a younger
homonym of Porinula (Nyl. ex Hue) Flagey.
However, Porinula Vezda was included in
Caprettia Bat. & H. Maia by Serusiaux and
Lcking (2003), which is followed here. In the
next outline Porinella and Porinula Vezda will
be treated as synonyms of Caprettia, which is
placed in Monoblastiaceae following Serusiaux
and Lcking (2003). (2006-12-20)
4545. Pseudocalopadia Lcking

This genus was described to accommodate a
foliicolous lichen that is morphologically
somewhat intermediate between Barubia and
Calopadia (Lcking 1999). It will be accepted in
Pilocarpaceae in the next outline. (2006-10-18)
4546. Pseudogymnoascus Raillo

4600. Porinula Vezda
Rice & Currah (2006) confirmed that this genus

is distinct from Gymnostellatospora using ITS
sequence data. Pseudogymnoascus includes
species with smooth to verrucose or lobatereticulate ascospores. (2006-10-18)
See note under Porinella (4599). (2006-12-20)
4715. Porpidiaceae Hertel & Hafellner
80
4436. Regiocrella Chaverri & K.T. Hodge

This genus is described with two newly
described species collected in Cameroon and
China, which are parasites on scale insects
(Chaverri et al. 2006). The new genus is
classified in Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales).
Morphological and molecular evidence are
presented that show the relationships of the new
genus and its distinctiveness. Morphologically
the genus is characterized by perithecia partly
immersed in a subiculum, noncapitate asci,
unicellular fusiform ascospores and pycnidialacervular conidiomata. (2006-05-30)
4601. Pseudolignincola Chatmala & E.B.G.

Jones
This genus is described for a new species
isolated from plant substratum in Thai
mangroves. It is characterized by having clavate
asci with truncate, thickened apices, a pore and
plasmalemma retraction and cylindrical
ascospores without appendages. The genus is
morphologically similar to Lignincola but differs
in the size of ascomata, asci and ascospores, and
septation of the latter. In a phylogenetic analysis
of partial nu SSU rDNA sequences, the two
genera were not closely related.
Pseudolignincola will be accepted in
4716. Rhizocarpaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner

(2007-06-05)
4466. Pseudosagedia (Mll. Arg.) M. Choisy

4602. Rhytismatales M.E. Barr ex Minter

4547. Pulveria Malloch & C.T. Rogerson

Stadler et al. (2005) treated Pulveria as a
synonym of Pyrenomyxa Morgan (Xylariaceae,
Xylariales). O. Eriksson (in litt.). (2006-10-18)
4552. Rostraureum Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf.

4548. Pyrenomyxa Morgan

Stadler et al. (2005) accepted and emended the
genus Pyrenomyxa (Xylariaceae, Xylariales)
O. Eriksson (in litt.). (2006-10-18)
4717. Rusavskia S. Kondratyuk & Krnefelt

See note 4735. (2007-06-05)
4549. Pyrenulales Fink ex D. Hawksw. & O.E.

Erikss.
See note under Trypetheliaceae (4563). (200610-18)
4553. Sablicola E.B.G. Jones, K.L. Pang &

Vrijmoed
Sablicola (as "Sablecola") was described as a
new genus in Pang et al. (2004) to accommodate
marine fungus with ascospores having two polar
and four equatorial, flattened, attenuate, straplike appendages with parallel striations, which
disintegrate in seawater. The genus is placed in
Halosphaeriaceae and will be accepted in the
4550. Ramalea Nyl.

See note under Notocladonia (4535). (2006-1018)
4551. Redingeria A. Frisch

This genus was described by Frisch (Frisch &
Kalb 2006); see note under Thelotremataceae
(4561). (2006-10-18)
4603. Saccharata Denman & Crous
81
Sarrameanaceae (Kantvilas 2000, 2004). This

will be accepted in the forthcoming outline. The
family will be placed in Ostropomycetidae inc.
sed. following the results of the study by
Miadlikowska et al. (2007). (2007-06-05)
This genus in Botryosphaeriaceae was described

for an ascomycete occurring on Proteaceae
(Crous et al. 2004). The genus differs from
Botryosphaeria s.str. by having unilocular
ascomata that develop under a clypeus. It formed
an isolated clade in a phylogenetic analysis of
the family (Crous et al. 2006). (2006-12-20)
4721. Saturnispora Liu & Kurtzman

4718. Saccharomycetes Kudrjanzev

Suh et al. (2007) provided an overview of the
classification of the class and presented a new
phylogenetic analysis. Numerous changes are
proposed, these are listed under the family and
generic names, when based on recent
publications. Further they suggested accepting
the following previously described genera that
were not accepted in Myconet: Kodamaea,
Nakazawaea, Phaffomyces, Starmera,
Starmerella, and Yamadazyma. These genera
will be accepted in the next outline in
Saccharomycetales inc. sed. (2007-06-05)
4437. Schaereria Th. Fr.

Schaereria is currently placed in Agyriaceae, but
recent molecular studies suggest that it does not
belong here (e.g., Lumbsch et al. 2004, Wedin et
al. 2005). Its phylogenetic relationships are
uncertain, but since it is not closely related to
Agyriaceae it will be treated as a separate family
Schaereriaceae Hafellner in the next outline.
(2006-05-30)
4722. Schizosaccharomycetes O.E. Erikss. &

Winka
4604. Santessonia Hale & Vobis
See note 4733. (2007-06-05)
The circumscription of this genus is modified by

Follmann (2006) to include Pacific-Andean
species previously classified in Roccella DC.
(Arthoniaceae). The morphological similarities
of these unrelated genera is interpreted as
adaptation to similar ecological niches that are
occupied by these lichens. (2006-12-20)
4438. Schizothecium Corda

Cai et al. (2005a) in a phylogenetic study using
partial LSU, ITS, and partial beta-tubulin, found
that Schizothecium formed a distinct wellsupported clade while Podospora is
polyphyletic. Schizothecium is also distinguished
by the morphological character of swollen
agglutinated hairs on the ascomata but ascal and
ascospore morphological characters overlap with
the genus Podospora. Ascospore shape is
thought to be phylogenetically informative at the
species level, however gelatinous ascospore
appendages appear to be less informative. (200605-30)
4605. Sarcoleotia Ito & S. Imai

In a molecular phylogeny by Wang et al. (2006)
this genus clustered with Geoglossaceae with
strong support and hence the genus will be
transferred from Helotiaceae to Geoglossaceae in
the next outline. (2006-12-20)
4719. Sarcoleotia Ito & S. Imai

Wang et al. (2007) suggested transfering this
genus from Helotiaceae to Rutstroemiaceae.
(2007-06-05)
4439. Sclerophyton Eschw.

The genus is revised and enlarged to include
species with hyaline, macrocephalic ascospores,
thick septa, clavate-cylindrical asci and ascomata
in pseudostromata (Sparrius 2004). (2006-05-30)
4720. Sarrameanaceae Hafellner

The relationships of Loxospora and Sarrameana
were discussed by Kantvilas (2000) who noted
that they are very closely related. Hence
Loxosporaceae was placed into synonymy with
4440. Sclerophytomyces Cif. & Tomas.
82
& Kantvilas 2006); see note under Parasiphula.

The placement of Siphula s.str. in
Icmadophilaceae is supported. (2006-07-17)
Taxa with wide paraphysoids and pigmented

ascospores are segregated from Sclerophyton by
Sparrius (2004) in the genus Sclerophytomyces
(as Scleorphytonomyces). This generic name,
however, is illegitimate; see note under
Peterjamesia. (2006-05-30)
4724. Sivanesaniella Gawande & Agarwal

This new genus in Venturiaceae is described by
Gawande and Agarwal (2004) for a
phytopathogenic fungus collected in India. The
genus is similar to Apiosporina and Venturia, but
differs in having hyaline, naviculate ascospores.
(2007-06-05)
4723. Scoliciosporum A. Massal.

In the study of Miadlikowska et al. (2007) this
genus, as in numerous previous studies did not
cluster with other Lecanoraceae. Hence the
family Scoliciosporaceae will be resurrected in
the next outline and accepted in Lecanorales.
(2007-06-05)
4469. Sordariaceae G. Winter

Cai et al. (2006) in a phylogenetic study using
that Apodus and Diplogelasinospora segregated
outside the well-supported Sordariaceae clade
and among taxa currently placed in the
Lasiosphaeriaceae. The two Apodus species did
not group together and the type species of
Diplogelasinospora was not included. Species in
both genera are reported to have the presence of
a spore septum and a hyaline or pale basal cell,
both of which are more characteristic of taxa in
the Lasiosphaeriaceae. Both genera will be
included in that family in the next outline. (200607-17)
4467. Segestria Fr.

4606. Septotrapelia Aptroot & Chaves

Septotrapelia is described for two species
(Aptroot et al. 2006) and is placed in
Pilocarpaceae based on the ascus-type. Within
the family the genus is unique by having a
squamulose thallus and 3-septate ascospores.
The genus will be accepted in the forthcoming
outline in Pilocarpaceae, additional studies are
necessary to show which genus is the closest
relative. (2006-12-20)
4725. Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka

Zhang et al. (2007) discussed the evolution of
this class of fungi and presented a new
phylogenetic analysis based on four different
nuclear loci. The class is strongly supported as
monophyletic with three monophyletic
subclasses: Hypocreomycetidae,
Sordariomycetidae, Xylariomycetidae, and
Lulworthiales that cannot be placed in either of
the sublclasses. In a parallel study employing a
somewhat different taxon and gene sampling,
Tang et al. (2007) came to very similar results.
(2007-06-05)
4607. Servitia M.S. Christ. & Alstrup

This genus was described for a peltate Arctic
lichen that is morphologically similar to
Placopyrenium Breuss (Alstrup & Hansen 2001).
It is placed in Verrucariaceae. (2006-12-20)
4554. Shiraia P. Henn.

This genus is currently placed with uncertain
affinities in
Dothideomycetes/Chaetothyriomycetes and was
shown to belong to Pleosporales by Kruys et al.
(2006). (2006-10-18)
4608. Spathaspora Nguyen, S.O. Suh & M.

Blackw.
This new genus was described by Nguyen et al.
(2006) for a yeast isolated from a wood-boring
beetle. (2006-12-20)
4468. Siphula Fr.

This genus is shown to be polyphyletic and the
Siphula complanata- and S. fragilis-groups were
segregated as a new genus Parasiphula (Grube
83
agrees with the analysis of Ekman & Tnsberg

(2002). Myllys et al. (2005) discussed
morphological characters that support a
placement of Muhria in Stereocaulon including
similar ascoma development, crustose growth
form, and the secondary metabolites to some
Stereocaulon spp. Cephalodia, which are
characteristic for fruticose Stereocaulon spp., are
not formed by the crustose taxa, nor in Muhria.
Hence, Muhria will be treated as a synonym of
Stereocaulon in the next outline. The
combination of the single species of Muhria into
Stereocaulon will be made by Filip Hgnabba
elsewhere (Hgnabba, pers. comm.). (2006-0530)
4555. Sporormiaceae Munk

Monophyly of this family (including
Eremodothis) is strongly supported by Kruys et
al. (2006). (2006-10-18)
4726. Squamarina Poelt

genus should be transferred from Ramalinaceae
to Stereocaulaceae. (2007-06-05)
4727. Starmera Y. Yamada, Higashi, S. Ando

& Mikata
4442. Stirtoniella D.J. Galloway, Hafellner &

Elix
This new genus in Ramalinaceae is described for
a species previously included in Catillaria. The
authors provide tabular comparisons with many
similar genera (Galloway et al. 2005). (2006-0530)
4728. Starmerella Rosa & Lachance

4556. Stegobolus Mont.

4730. Strangospora Krb.
This genus was resurrected by Frisch & Kalb

(2006); see note under Thelotremataceae (4561).
(2006-10-18)

Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Lecanorales inc.
sed. (2007-06-05)
4729. Stephanoascus M.T. Sm., Van der Walt

& Johannsen
4731. Sugiyamaella Kurtzman & Robnett
The genus was shown to be polyphyletic by

Kurtzman & Robnett (2007) with the type
species clustering in Trichomonascus.
Consequently, Stephanoascus is placed into
synonymy with that genus. (2007-06-05)
The genus was described by Kurtzman &

Robnett (2007) for a monophyletic clade of
yeasts that are sister to the genus
Wickerhamiella. It will be accepted in the next
outline in Trichomonascaceae. (2007-06-05)
4557. Stephanonectria Schroers & Samuels

4609. Sungaiicola Fryar & K.D. Hyde
This monotypic genus is segregated from

Nectriella (Schroers et al. 1999) and will be
listed in Bionectriaceae in the next outline.
(2006-10-18)
Fryar and Hyde (2004) described this monotypic

genus for an ascomycete from submerged wood.
Morphological characters are inconclusive and
until molecular data become available this genus
will be treated in Sordariomycetes inc. sed.
(2006-12-20)
4441. Stereocaulaceae Chevall.

The phylogeny of this family was studied by
Myllys et al. (2005) using beta-tubulin, GAPDH
and SSU rDNA sequences. The placement of
Lepraria in Stereocaulaceae was confirmed and
Muhria was nested within Stereocaulon. This
4732. Swampomyces Kohlm. & Volkm.

84
4735. Teloschistaceae Zahlbr.

Kondratyuk and Krnefelt (2003) described three
new genera: Oxneria, Rusavskia, and
Xanthoanaptychia in this family. The
differentiating characters of these newly
described genera include mainly thallus
characters. For the time being we suggest not to
accept these new genera since phylogenetic
relationships within the family need further
resolution before new genera can be
circumscribed. Further, there are nomenclatural
problems with the generic name Oxneria as
discussed by Lindblom (2006) and the
distinction from Xanthomendoza is unclear. The
circumscription of Rusavskia is uncertain and
Xanthoanaptychia is a superfluous name for
Seirophora (Schting, pers. comm.). (2007-0605)
4443. Tainosphaeria F.A. Fernndez &

Huhndorf
Fernndez & Huhndorf (2005) described this
genus for one species that differs from
morphologically similar species in
Chaetosphaeria and Zignoella. Tainosphaeria is
characterized by perithecial ascomata with a
thickened wall and a anamorph with setulose
conidia. It is classified in the Chaetosphaericeae.
(2006-05-30)
4558. Tapellariopsis Lcking

This genus includes a foliicolous lichen that is
morphologically intermediate between
Tapellaria and Calopadia (Lcking 1999). It
will be accepted in Pilocarpaceae in the next
outline. (2006-10-18)
4736. Tephromela M. Choisy

Ramalinaceae to Mycoblastaceae. (2007-06-05)
4733. Taphrinomycotina O.E. Erikss. &

Winka
Sugiyama et al. (2007) discussed the
relationships of this subphylum and presented a
new phylogenetic analysis using nuclear rDNA,
beta-tubulin and RPB2 sequence data including
eleven ingroup taxa. Taphrinomycetes is sister to
a clade including Neolectomycetes,
Pneumocystidomycetes and
Schizosaccharomycetes. However, this
relationship lacks support. In a five-gene
analysis of Spatafora et al. (2007)
Taphrinomycetes is sister to a clade including
Pneumocystidomycetes and
Schizosaccharomycetes, which is sister to
Neolectomycetes. In a six-gene study by James
et al. (2006), the subphylum is strongly
supported as monophyletic. Consequently,
Taphrinomycotina will be again accepted in the
outline, including four classes. (2007-06-05)
4559. Testudinaceae Arx

This family will be moved from Ascomycota inc.
sed. to Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes in the
next outline based on the studies by Kruys et al.
(2006). (2006-10-18)
4737. Testudinaceae Arx

In the study by Schoch et al. (2007) the family
was shown to belong to Pleosporales. (2007-0605)
4444. Tetramelas Norman

Nordin & Tibell (2005) presented a phylogenetic
study, showing that the genus forms a
monophyletic group close or including Buellia
elegans and B. zoharyi. Buellia s.str. was sistergroup to the latter two species and Tetramelas.
The authors interpreted their results as support
for a distinction of Tetramelas from Buellia.
However, it should be noted that Buellia
including Tetramelas would be monophyletic in
their analyses as well. A wider taxon sampling
will be necessary to address the issue of generic
boundaries in Buellia s.lat. (2006-05-30)
4734. Taphrinomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka

The class is monophyletic with a strongly
supported Taphrinales (including Taphrina and
Protomyces), while the basal position of
Saitoella lacks support. Consequently, the latter
genus will remain as Taphrinomycetes inc. sed.
in the next outline (see also note 4733). (200706-05)
85
taxon sampling and the lack of support for most

of the backbone in the phylogeny does not allow
many conclusions, but some results of the
molecular analysis contradict the proposed
classification; however, consequences are not
drawn by the authors. These include that the
resurrected genus Stegobolus is shown to be
polyphyletic and that by the acceptance of
Ampliotrema the genus Ocellularia s.str.
becomes paraphyletic. A number of species
remain formally unclassified. Despite the
provisional nature of the new classification, it
certainly represents a huge step forward towards
a more natural generic classification within the
family and hence all genera suggested in Frisch
(2006) and Frisch & Kalb (2006) will be
accepted in the next outline with the exception of
Ampliotrema, which is clearly shown to be
nested within a monophyletic Ocellularia.
Consequently, Ampliotrema is regarded a
synonym of Ocellularia. (2006-10-18)
4610. Thalespora Chatmala & E.B.G. Jones

This new monotypic genus includes a fungus
that occurs on plant substratum in Thai
mangroves. It has deliquescing asci and
elongate-cylindrical ascospores with an
appendage. The genus will be accepted in
4445. Thelenellaceae H. Mayrhofer

recent molecular studies (Schmitt et al. 2005)
showed it belongs to Ostropomycetidae. Its exact
placement is uncertain and it will be placed in
Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis in the next
outline. (2006-05-30)
4560. Thelotrema Ach.

4446. Togninia Berl.

(4561). (2006-10-18)
The genus and its anamorph Phaeoacremonium

is monographed by Mostert et al. (2006).
Phylogenies of the SSU and LSU rDNA
supported a placement of Togninia in
Diaporthales. (2006-05-30)
4561. Thelotremataceae (Nyl.) Stizenb.

In a series of three papers (Frisch 2006, Frisch &
Kalb 2006, Frisch et al. 2006), the generic
concept in this family has been revised. Five new
genera are described and three old names
resurrected. Historically the bulk of tropical
species with trentepohlioid photobiont were
placed in four schematic genera based on
ascospore septation and pigmentation. This
coarse classification was revised by Hale (1980)
who distinguished three main genera based on
the exciple-type (presence and absence of lateral
paraphyses, presence of a columella,
carbonization of the exciple). In their new
classification Frisch (2006) and Frisch and Kalb
(2006) distinguish 16 genera. In addition to the
characters used by Hale (1980) they employ a
wide array of characters in their classification,
including ascoma morphology, ascus
morphology, paraphyses agglutination,
epihymenium-type, ascospore pigmentation,
septation and wall thickness, conidia
morphology, presence of vegetative propagules,
thallus anatomy, secondary chemistry, and
substrate ecology. Frisch et al. (2006) provide a
molecular analysis using mt SSU rDNA
sequence data to test the new classification. The
4738. Torpedospora Meyers

4447. Trematosphaeria Fuckel

The generic concepts in this group of fungi are
discussed by Tanaka et al. (2005), who point out
that the genus appears morphologically
heterogeneous. (2006-05-30)
4611. Tribulatia J.E. Taylor, K.D. Hyde &

E.B.G. Jones
This new monotypic genus was described for a
tropical ascomycete growing on ferns (Taylor &
Hyde 2003). It will be accepted in
Phyllachoraceae in the next outline. (2006-1220)
4562. Trichomonascus H.S. Jackson
86
most species of the asexual genera Helicoma,

Helicomyces, and Helicosporium. The asexual
genera were not monophyletic and traditional
morphological characters were more useful for
species delimitation than for higher level
relationships. Tubeufia pezizula unexpectedly
clustered with Capronia in the Chaetothyriales
and misidentification or contamination of the
culture were speculated. Helicodendron and
Helicoon were polyphyletic with representatives
occurring in different ascomycete orders. Other
members traditionally placed in the Tubeufiaceae
clustered in Pleosporales (Acanthostigmella
brevispina and Letandraea helminthicola) or in
Dothideomycetes (Tyrannosorus pinicola).
(2006-05-30)
Kurtzman (2004) confirmed using LSU rDNA

sequences that the genus belongs to
Endomycetaceae where it was previously placed
with a question mark. (2006-10-18)
4739. Trichomonascus H.S. Jackson

See note 4740 under Trichomonascaceae. (200706-05)
4740. Trichomonascaceae Kurtzman &

Robnett
This new family is described (Kurtzman &
Robnett 2007) to accommodate the genera
Sugiyamaella, Trichomonascus, Wickerhamiella,
and Zygoascus. (2007-06-05)
4472. Tubeufiaceae M.E. Barr

In a study using LSU rDNA, Kodsueb et al.
(2006) found a strongly supported monophyletic
clade that corresponds to the family
Tubeufiaceae and contains a number of species
of Tubeufia and Helicomyces. Three other
members traditionally placed in the family
clustered elsewhere. Acanthostigma perpusillum
(syn: Tubeufia clintonii) clustered with Capronia
(Chaetothyriales). (Interestingly, in another study
(Tsui & Berbee 2006; see Note 4448) Tubeufia
pezizula found its placement in that group as
well.) Boerlagiomyces based on B. websteri (not
the type species) groups with Rhytismatales. The
type species B. velutinus is rather different
morphologically than this species and should be
used to determine the placement of the genus.
Thaxteriella was represented by T. helicoma and
T. amazonensis, both of which grouped with
Tubeufia species in the Tubeufiaceae clade in
this study. If the type species, Thaxteriella
corticola is a lost species identical to T. pezizula
as was stated by Petrak (1953; reported in Crane
et al. 1998) then Thaxteriella belongs in the
Chaetothyriales assuming the species used by
Tsui & Berbee (2006) is correctly identified.
Other putative members of the Tubeufiaceae
were not included. (2006-07-17)
4470. Trichothelium Mll. Arg.

4471. Trimmatothele Zahlbr.

The genus is shown to differ from Verrucaria
only by multispored asci (Ertz & Diederich
2004). Hence the genus is reduced to synonymy
with Verrucaria. For the deviating T. antarctica
a new genus Oevstedalia is described (see note
above). (2006-07-17)
4563. Trypetheliaceae Zenker

Del Prado et al. (2006) studied the phylogenetic
position of this family using nu LSU and mt SSU
rDNA sequence data. They showed that the
family does not belong to Pyrenulales as
previously thought, but is a further lichenized
member of Dothideomycetes in addition to
Arthopyreniaceae. Monophyly of lichenized
Dothideomycetes was significantly rejected,
suggesting independent origin or loss of this
nutritional mode within the class. The order will
be placed in Dothideomycetes inc. sed. in the

In the study by Schoch et al. (2007) the family

had an uncertain position in Dothideomycetes.
(2007-06-05)
In a phylogenetic study using SSU and LSU

rDNA (Tsui & Berbee 2006), the Tubeufiaceae
s. str. formed a strongly supported monophyletic
group including five species of Tubeufia and
87
4742. Tuckermannopsis Gyeln.

4449. Tuckneraria Randlane & A. Thell
Teuvo Ahti (Helsinki, in litt.): Since Linnaeus

the scientific names commemorating persons
with the surname ending man are frequently
latinized with nn-, e.g., Tuckermannia,
Tuckermannopsis, Sparrmannia, Burmannia.
The are not to be treated as spelling errors
correctable under the International Code of
Botanical Nomenclature Art. 60.7. Ex. 15. Thus
the name of the lichen genus Tuckermannopsis
Gyeln. is to be retained and should not be
changed to Tuckermanopsis, as suggested by
some recent authors. However, the latter spelling
would be acceptable if it were proposed by the
author Gyelnik. Similarly, Triophthalmidium
sect. Tuckermania is correct. The spelling of the
name of the lichen genus Tuckermannopsis
Gyeln. (Gyelnik 1933: 6) was corrected by
Santesson et al. (2004: 337) to read
Tuckermanopsis, and many authors have
followed their action. An obvious reason for the
change was that the name was supposedly (not
stated in the protologue!) intended to honor the
well-known American lichenologist and botanist
Edward Tuckerman (1817-1886), who always
spelled his named Tuckerman, not Tuckermann.
However, I think that the spelling
Tuckermannopsis must be retained, because the
change is not allowed by the Art. 60.7 of the
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
(McNeill et al. 2006: 60). The use of -nn- is to be
regarded as an intentional latinization, because
many authors, including Linnaeus, have used
double n in a similar way when coining new
generic or other epithets from other persons
names. A search from the ING (Index Nominum
Genericorum; Farr et al. 1979) brought many
such cases, e.g., Burmannia(ceae) (from
Burman), Sparrmannia (from Sparrman), and
Chapmannia (from Chapman). They also include
two vascular plant genera, Tuckermannia and
Tuckermania, which are both acceptable
spellings, but are to be treated as homonyms,
however (correctly treated in ING). It is probably
due to the easier pronunciation (in some
languages) that the extra n was added by some
authors into the latinized forms. As to other
lichen names, Gyelnik (1933: 6) also published
Tuckermannopsis sect. Eutuckermannopsis
Gyeln. (nom. inval. and illeg.) and sect.
Pseudotuckermannopsis Gyeln., and further
(Gyelnik 1933: 8) Triophthalmidium sect.
Tuckermannia Gyeln. In these cases the spellings
with double ns are to be maintained as well.
(2007-06-05)
This genus is reduced to synonymy with

Nephromopsis by Thell et al. (2005), see note
under Nephromopsis. (2006-05-30)
4612. Uluguria Vezda

This new monotypic genus was introduced by
Vezda (2004) for a foliicolous lichen formerly
placed in Bacidia. However, according to
Lcking (in press) the species belongs to
Szczawinskia A. Funk and consequently, the
genus is regarded as a synonym of Szczawinskia
A. Funk in the next outline. (2006-12-20)
4473. Usnea Dill. ex Adans

Articus (2004) studied the phylogeny of usneoid
genera and suggested to accept Neuropogon as
an independent genus and to raise the subgenera
in Usnea, Eumitria and Dolichousnea, to generic
level. She further suggested that Usnea s.str. was
heterogeneous, since Neuropogon was nested
within a paraphyletic Usnea s.str. Wirtz et al.
(2006) included additional taxa of Neuropogon
in their analyses and found Neuropogon to be
polyphyletic with a core group that was the
sister-group to section Usnea, while other
Neuropogon species were basal to the section
Usnea clade or had unresolved relationships
within subgenus Usnea. Monophyly of
Neuropogon was significantly rejected and hence
Neuropogon reduced to synonymy with Usnea.
The authors further suggested to continue the
traditional generic concept in Usnea, i.e.
accepting Eumitria and Dolichousnea as
subgenera within Usnea as proposed by Ohmura
(2002). Consequently, the genera Dolichousnea,
Eumitria and Neuropogon will be included
within Usnea in the next outline. (2006-07-17)
4564. Vanderwaltozyma Kurtzman

Two species are classified in this genus by
Kurtzman (2003), which will be accepted in
4743. Vittatispora P. Chaudhary, J. Campb.,

D. Hawksw. & K.N. Sastry
88
genera. The segregate genera Almbornia Essl.,

Namakwa Hale, and Xanthomaculina Hale
nested within Xanthoparmelia. Hence these three
genera were reduced to synonymy with
Xanthoparmelia, which will be followed in the
Morphological and molecular data are presented

by Chaudhary et al. (2007) to show that a fungus
isolated from soil in India represents a new
genus in Ceratostomataceae. Its morphology is
somewhat intermediate between Melanospora
and Sphaerodes. In the molecular phylogeny
Vittatispora is basal to these two genera. (200706-05)
4746. Xyleborus R.C. Harris & Ladd

This is another crustose genus in the family
Stereocaulaceae (Harris & Ladd 2007). It occurs
on weathered lignum in eastern North America.
It is similar to Hertelidea, but differs in exciple
structure. (2007-06-05)
4613. Wettsteinina Hhn.

4744. Wickerhamiella Soneda

4565. Xylomelasma Rblov
This genus is described by Rblov (2006) for

two species morphologically distinct from
Ceratostomella. In analyses using data from SSU
and LSU the genus is separate from
Ceratostomella but also lies within the
Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. (2006-10-18)
4745. Xanthoanaptychia S. Kondratyuk &

Krnefelt
See note 4735. (2007-06-05)
4747. Xylotumulus J.D. Rogers, Y.M. Ju &

Hemmes
4614. Xanthomaculina Hale

Rogers et al. (2006) described this new genus in

Xylariaceae for a single species occurring on
wood in Hawaii. It differs from the similar
Amphirosellinia in having a non-amyloid ring in
the ascus apex, a variable number of ascospores
per ascus and sporodichial conidiomata. (200706-05)
4474. Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale

Blanco et al. (2004) studied the phylogeny of
parmelioid lichens containing Xanthoparmeliatype lichenan as cell wall polysaccharide to
provide a basis for a revised generic concept in
this group. Nuclear ITS and LSU rDNA and
mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences were used
infer phylogenies. Segregate genera suggested
earlier did not form monophyletic groups.
Neofuscelia was polyphyletic and nested within
Xanthoparmelia and hence reduced to synonymy
with the latter. Karoowia is polyphyletic, but
since the type species was not included ad
interim accepted as a separate genus. The
synonymy of Chondropsis and Paraparmelia
under Xanthoparmelia was already proposed
earlier. (2006-07-17)
4748. Yamadazyma Billon-Grand

4566. Zopfiaceae G. Arnaud ex D. Hawksw.

This family is currently placed in
Dotideomycetes/Chaetothyriomycetes inc. sed.,
but Kruys et al. (2006) demonstrated it belongs
to Pleosporales, where it will be listed in the next
outline. (2006-10-18)
4615. Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale
4475. Zopfiella G. Winter
Thell et al. (2006) used ITS sequences to study

the phylogeny of Xanthoparmelia and related
Cai et al. (2006b) in a phylogenetic study using

89
Baloch, E. & Grube, M. 2006. Evolution and

phylogenetic relationships within Porinaceae
(Ostropomycetidae), focusing on foliicolous
species. Mycol. Res. 110: 125-136.
that Zopfiella is polyphyletic. The type species

formed a well-supported group with a species
each of Podospora and Cercophora. The group
shared the characteristic of ascospores with a
septum in the dark cell and suggested that
Zopfiella be restricted to species having that
character. However, Cai et al. (2006b) did not
mention that the same character shows up in
some distantly related taxa included in their
analyses. The type species of Zopfiella did not
group with the representatives of the
Chaetomiaceae so the genus returns to the
Lasiosphaeriaceae. (2006-07-17)
Baral, H.O. 1999. A monograph of

Helicogonium (=Myriogonium, Leotiales), a
group of non-ascocarpous intrahymenial
mycoparasites. Nova Hedwgia 69: 1-71.
Blanco, O., Crespo, A., Elix, J.A., Hawksworth,
D.L. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2004. A new
classification of parmelioid lichens
containing Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan
(Ascomycota: Lecanorales) based on
morphological and molecular evidence. Taxon 53: 959-975.
4749. Zygoascus M. Th. Smith
Blanco, O., Crespo, A., Divakar, P.K., Elix, J.A.

& Lumbsch, H.T. 2005. Molecular
phylogeny of parmotremoid lichens
(Ascomycotina, Parmeliaceae). Mycologia
97: 150-159.
4567. Zygotorulaspora Kurtzman
Buck, W.R 1998: Lichen flora of eastern North

America: the genus Gomphillus
(Gomphillaceae). - In: Glenn, M.G., Harris,
R.C., Dirig, R. & Cole, M.S. (eds.):
Lichenographia Thomsoniana: North
American Lichenology in Honor of John W.
Thomson. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca, New
York, pp. 71-76.
A well supported clade including two species is

accepted at generic level by Kurtzman (2003),
which will be accepted in Saccharomycetaceae
4750. Zygozyma Van der Walt & Arx

See note 4677. (2007-06-05)
Buschbom, J. & Mueller, G. 2004. Resolving

evolutionary relationships in the lichenforming genus Porpidia and related allies
(Porpidiaceae, Ascomycota). Mol.
Phylogen. Evol. 32: 66-82.
Alstrup, V. & Hansen, E.S. 2001. New lichens

and lichenicolous fungi from Greenland.
Graphis Scripta 12: 41-50.
Cai, L., Zhang, K.Q., & Hyde, K.D. 2005.

Ascoyunnania aquatica gen. et sp nov., a
freshwater fungus collected from China and
its microcylic conidiation. - Fungal
Diversity 18: 1-8.
Aptroot, A. 2004. Two new ascomycetes with

long gelatinous appendages collected from
monocots in the tropics. Stud. Mycol. 50:
307-311.
Aptroot, A. 2007. Davidgallowaya cornutispora,
an enigmatic lichen from New Guinea.
Bibl. Lichenol. 95: 137-145.
Cai, L., Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K. 2005a.

Phylogenetic evaluation and taxonomic
revision of Schizothecium based on
ribosomal DNA and protein coding genes. Fungal Diversity 19: 1-21.
Aptroot, A., Umana, L., Chaves, J.L. & Trest,

M.T. 2006. A first assessment of the
Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa
Rica: three new squamulose genera
(Lecanorales: Ramalinaceae and
Pilocarpaceae). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 100:
617-623.
Cai, L., Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K.D. 2006.

Phylogenetic investigations of Sordariaceae
based on multiple gene sequences and
morphology. Mycol. Res. 110: 137-150.
Cai, L., Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K.D. 2006b.
Molecular systematics of Zopfiella and
allied genera: evidence from multi-gene
Articus, K. 2004. Neuropogon and the

phylogeny of Usnea s.l. (Parmeliaceae,
Lichenized Ascomycetes). Taxon 53: 925934.
90
Dothideomycetes. Mycol. Res. 110: 242249.
sequence analyses. Mycol. Res. 110: 359368.
Divakar, P.K. & Upreti, D.K. 2004. Parmelioid

lichens in India (A Revisionary Study).
Bishen Singh, Dehra Dun.
Cannon, P.F. & Evans, H.C. 1999. Biotrophic

species of Phyllachoraceae associated with
the angiosperm family Erythroxylaceae.
Mycol. Res. 103: 577-590.
Dbbeler, P. 2003. Ascomycetes on

Dendroligotrichum (Musci). Nova
Hedwigia 76: 1-44.
Carmaran, C.C., Romero, A.I. & Giussani, L.M.

2007. An approach towards a new
phylogenetic classification in Diatrypaceae.
Fung. Diversity 23: 67-87.
Dbbeler P. & Triebel D. 2000. Potridiscus

polymorphus (Leotiales) a new
ascomycete on Polytrichaceae (Musci) with
palaeoaustral distribution. - Hoppea 61: 7183.
Chamberlain, H.L., Rossman, A.Y, Stewart,

E.L., Ulvinen, T. & Samuels, G.J. 2004. The
stipitate species of Hypocrea (Hypocreales,
Hypocreaceae) including Podostroma.
Karstenia 44: 1-24.
Ekman, S. & Tnsberg, T. 2002. Most species of

Lepraria and Leproloma form a
monophyletic group closely related to
Stereocaulon. Mycol. Research 106: 12621276.
Chaudhary, P., Campbell, J., Hawksworth, D.L.

& Sastry, K.N. 2007. Vittatispora, a new
melanosporous genus from Indian soil.
Mycologia 98: 460-467.
Elix, J.A. 1994. Bulbothrix. Flora of Australia

55: 13-19.
Chaverri, P., Bischoff, J.F., Evans, H.C. &

Hodge, K.T. 2006. Regiocrella, a new
entomopathogenic genus with a pycnidial
anamorph and its phylogenetic placement in
the Clavicipitaceae. Mycologia 97: 12251237.
Ertz, D., & Diederich, P. 2004. Revision of

Trimmatothele (Verrucariaceae), and
description of Oevstedalia for
Trimmatotheliopsis antarctica, a new lichen
genus with true ascoconidia. Mycol.
Progress 3: 229-236.
Coppins, B.J. & Fryday, A.M. 2006. New or

previously misunderstood species of
Lithographa and Rimularia (Agyriaceae)
from the southern subpolar region and
western Canada. Lichenologist 38: 93-107.
Ertz, D. & Diederich, P. 2006. Gelatinopsis

leptogii (Helotiales, Ascomycota), a new
lichenicolous fungus on Leptogium
byssinum from Belgium and Germany.
Lichenologist 38: 515-518.
Crewe, A.T., Purvis, O.W. & Wedin, M. 2006.

Molecular phylogeny of Acarosporaceae
(Ascomycota) with focus on the proposed
genus Polysporinopsis. Mycol. Res. 110:
521-526.
Ertz, D. & Diederich, P. 2007. Revision of the

Opegrapha species with muriform
ascospores (previously Dictyographa)
(lichenized Roccellaceae). Lichenologist
39: 143-151.
Crous, P., Denman, S., Taylor, J.E., Swart, L. &

Palm, M.E. 2004. Cultivation and diseases
of Proteaceae: Leucadendron,
Leucospermum and Protea. CBS
Biodiversity Series 2. Baarn.
Ertz, D., Christnach, C., Wedin, M. & Diederich,

P. 2005. A world monograph of the genus
Plectocarpon (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales).
Crous, P., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M.J.,

Rheeder, J., Marasas, W.F.O., Philips,
A.J.L., Alves, A., Burgess, T., Barber, P. &
Groenewald, J.Z. 2006. Phylogenetic
lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Stud.
Mycol. 55: 235-253.
Farr, E.R., Leussink, J.A. & Stafleu, F. A. (eds.)

1979. Index Nominum Genericorum
(Plantarum). Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema.
Utrecht; W. Junk, The Hague.
Fernndez, F.A. & Huhndorf, S.M. 2005. New
species of Chaetosphaeria, Melanopsamella
and Tainosphaeria gen. nov. from the
Americas. Fungal Diversity 18: 15-57.
Del Prado, R., Schmitt, I., Kautz, S., Palice, Z.,

Lcking, R. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2006.
Molecular data place Trypetheliaceae in
91
Gareth Jones, E.B., Chatmala, I. & Pang, K.-L.

2006. Two new genera isolated from marine
habitats in Thailand: Pseudolignincola and
Thalespora (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota).
Nova Hedwigia 83: 219-232.
Fernndez, F., Miller, A.N., Huhndorf, S.M.,

Lutzoni, F.M. & Zoller, S. 2006.
Systematics of the genus Chaetosphaeria
and its allied genera: morphological and
phylogenetic diversity in north temperate
and Neotropical taxa. Mycologia 98: 121130.
Gawande, S.J. & Agarwal, D.K. 2004.

Sivanesaniella a new ascomycetous genus
from India. Indian Phytopath. 57: 231-232.
Follmann, G. 2006. Two new roccelloid

Physciaceae from pacific South America
and a synopsis of the genus Santessonia. J.
Hattori Bot. Lab. 100: 651-670.
Geiser, D.M., Gueidan, C., Miadlikowska, J.,

Lutzoni, F., Kauff, F., Hofstetter, V., Fraker,
E., Schoch, C.L., Tibell, L., Untereiner,
W.A. & Aptroot, A. 2007 (2006).
Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and
Chaetothyriomycetidae. Mycologia 98:
1053-1064.
Frisch, A. 2006. Contributions towards a new

systematics of the lichen family
Thelotremataceae. I. The lichen family
Thelotremataceae in Africa. Bibl.
Lichenol. 92: 3-370.
Greif, M.D. & Currah, R.S. 2007. Development

and dehiscence of the cephalothecioid
peridium in Aporothielavia leptoderma
shows it belongs in Chaetomidium. Mycol.
Research 111: 70-77.
Frisch, A. & Kalb, K. 2006. Contributions

towards a new systematics of the lichen
family Thelotremataceae. II. A monograph
of Thelotremataceae with a complex
structure of the columella. Bibl. Lichenol.
92: 371-516.
Grube, M. 2005. Frigidopyrenia a new genus

for a peculiar subarctic lichen, with notes on
similar taxa. Phyton 45: 305-318.
Frisch, A., Kalb, K. & Grube, M. 2006.

Contributions towards a new systematics of
the lichen family Thelotremataceae. III.
Molecular phylogeny of the
Thelotremataceae. Bibl. Lichenol. 92: 517539.
Grube, M. & Kantvilas, G. 2006. Siphula

represents a remarkable case of
morphological convergence in sterile
lichens. Lichenologist 38: 241-249.
Gryzenhout, M., Glen, H.F., Wingfield, B.D. &
Wingfield, M.J. 2005. Amphilogia gen. nov.
for Cryphonectria-like fungi from
Elaeocarpus spp. in New Zealand and Sri
Lanka. Taxon 54: 1009-1021.
Fryar, S.C. & Hyde, K.D. 2004. New species and

genera of ascomycetes from fresh and
brackish water in Brunei: Ayria
appendiculata and Sungaiicola
bactrodesmiella gen. et spp. nov.,
Fluviatispora boothii, Torrentispora
crassiparietis and T. fusiformis spp. nov.
Crypt. Mycol. 25: 245-260.
Gryzenhout, M., Glen, H.F., Wingfield, B.D. &

Wingfield, M.J. 2005a. Proposal to conserve
the name Cryphonectria (Diaporthales) with
a conserved type. Taxon 54: 539-540.
Galloway, D.J., Hafellner, J. & Elix, J.A. 2005.

Stirtoniella, a new genus for Catillaria
kelica (Lecanorales: Ramalinaceae). Lichenologist 37: 261-271.
Gryzenhout, M., Myburg, H., Wingfield, B.D. &

Wingfield, M.J. 2006. Cryphonectriaceae
(Diaporthales), a new family including
Cryphonectria, Chrysoporthe, Endothia and
allied genera. Mycologia 98: 239-249.
Gao, J. & Hou, C.-L. 2006. A new species of

Neococcomyces (Rhytismatales,
Ascomycota) from China. Nova Hedwigia
82: 123-126.
Gryzenhout, M., Myburg, H., Hodges, C.S.,

Wingfield, B.D. & Wingfield, M.J. 2006a.
Microthia, Holocryphia and Ursicollum,
three new genera on Eucalyptus and
Coccoloba for fungi previously known as
Cryphonectria. Stud. Mycol. 55: 35-52.
Garcia, D., Stchigel, A.M., Cano, J., Guarro, J.,

& Hawksworth, D.L. 2004. A synopsis and
re-circumscription of Neurospora (syn.
Gelasinospora) based on ultrstructural and
28S rDNA sequence data. Mycol. Res.
108: 1119-1142.
Gyelnik, V. 1933. Lichenes varii novi criticique.

- Acta Fauna Fl. Universali, ser. 2, Bot. 1(56): 3-10.
92
closely related genera. Mycologia 97: 844865.
Hafellner, J. & Kalb, K. 1995. Studies in

Trichotheliales ordo novus. Bibl. Lichenol.
57: 161-186.
Hgnabba, F. 2006. Molecular phylogeny of the

genus Stereocaulon (Stereocaulaceae,
lichenized ascomycetes). Mycol. Res. 110:
1080-1092.
Hale, M.E. 1980. Generic delimitation in the

lichen family Thelotremataceae.
Mycotaxon 11: 130-138.
Huhndorf, S.M. & Fernndez, F.A. 2005.

Teleomorph-anamorph connections:
Chaetosphaeria raciborskii and related
species, and their Craspedodidymum-like
anamorphs. Fungal Div. 19: 23-49.
Hammer, S. 2003. Notocladonia, a new genus in

the Cladoniaceae. Bryologist 106: 162167.
Hansen, K. & Pfister, D.H. 2007 (2006).
Systematics of the Pezizomycetes the
operculate discomycetes. Mycologia 98:
1029-1040.
Huhndorf, S.M., Miller, A.N., & Fernndez, F.A.

2004. Molecular systematics of the order
Sordariales: the order and the family
Lasiosphaeriaceae redefined. Mycologia
96: 368-387.
Hansen, K., Perry, B.A. & Pfister, D.H.

2005.Phylogenetic origins of two
cleistothecial fungi, Orbicula parietina and
Lasiobolidium orbiculoides, within the
operculate discomycetes. Mycologia 97:
1023-1033.
Huhndorf, S.M., Miller, A.N., Fernndez, F.A. &

Lodge, D.J. 2005. Neotropical ascomycetes
13. Cornipulvina and Erythromada, two
new genera from the Carribean and
elsewhere. Fungal Div. 20: 59-69.
Harris, R.C. 1995. More Florida Lichens.

Including the 10 cent Tour of the
Pyrenolichens. - Publ. by the Author, Bronx,
N.Y.
Hyde, K.D. & Frhlich, J. 2003. Nigramammilla

[sic!] calami gen. et sp. nov. and
Arecomyces calami, A. liculae and
Pseudohalonectria palmae spp. Nov. from
palms. Crypt. Mycol. 24: 13-20.
Harris, R.C. & Ladd, D. 2007. New taxa of

lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the
Ozark Ecoregion. Opuscula Philolichenum
4: 57-68.
Inderbitzin, P., Shoemaker, R.A., ONeill, N.R.,

Turgeon, B.G. & Berbee, M.L. 2006.
Systematics and mating systems of two
fungal pathogens of opium poppy: the
heterothallic Crivellia papaveracea with a
Brachycladium penicillatum asexual state
and a homothallic species with a
Brachycladium papaveris asexual state.
Can. J. Bot. 84: 1304-1326.
Hawksworth, D.L. 2006. Misunderstanding the

status of Ciffer & Tomasellis generic
names necessitates Peterjamesia gen. nov.
for Sclerophyton circumscriptum and an
additional species. - Lichenologist 38: 187190.
Hawksworth, D.L. & Crespo, A. 2002. Proposal
to conserve the name Xanthoparmelia
against Chondropsis nom. cons.
(Parmeliaceae). Taxon 51: 807.
Jiang, Y. & Yao, Y.-J. 2005. ITS sequence

analysis and ascomatal development of
Pseudogymnoascus roseus. Mycotaxon
94: 55-73.
Hawksworth, D.L. & Halici, M.G. 2007.

Gemmaspora, a new verrucarialean genus
with remarkable ascospores for Adelococcus
lecanorae growing on Aspicilia species in
Syria and Turkey. Lichenologist 39: 121128.
Kalb, K. 2004. New or otherwise interesting

lichens II. Bibl. Lichenol. 88: 301-329.
Kalb, K. 2007. New or otherwise interesting
lichens. III. Bibl. Lichenol. 95: 297-316.
Helms, G., Friedl, T. & Rambold, G. 2003.

Phylogenetic relationships of the
Physciaceae inferred from rDNA sequence
data and selected phenotypic characters. Mycologia 95: 1078-1099.
Kantvilas, G. 2000. Additions from the Southern

Hemisphere to the lichen genus Loxospora. Herzogia 14: 35-38.
Kantvilas, G. 2004. Sarrameanaceae. - Flora of
Australia 56A: 74-77.
Hsieh, H.M., Ju, Y.-M. & Rogers, J.D. 2005.

Molecular phylogeny of Hypoxylon and
93
Krnefelt, I. & Thell, A. 1992. The evaluation of

characters in lichenized families,
exemplified with the alectoroid and some
parmelioid genera. Pl. Syst. Evol. 180:
181-204.
Kurtzman, C.P. 2005. Description of

Komagatella phaffii sp. nov. and the transfer
of Pichia pseudopastoris to the
methylotrophic yeast genus Komagatella.
Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55: 973-976.
Kauff, F. & Lutzoni, F. 2002. Phylogeny of the

Gyalectales and Ostropales (Ascomycota,
Fungi): among and within order
relationships. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 25:
138-156.
Kurtzman, C.P. 2005. New species and a new

combination in the Hyphopichia and
Yarrowia yeast clades. Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek 88: 121-130.
Kurtzman, C.P. 2006. New species and new
combinations in the yeast genera
Kregervanrija gen. nov., Saturnispora and
Candida. - FEMS Yeast Res. 6: 288-297.
Kauff, F. & Bdel, B. 2005. Ascoma ontogeny

and apothecial anatomy in the Gyalectaceae
(Ostropales, Ascomycota) support the reestablishment of the Coenogoniaceae. Bryologist 108: 272-281.
Kurtzman, C.P. & Robnett, C.J. 2003.

Phylogenetic relationships among yeasts of
the 'Saccharomyces complex' determined
from multigene sequence analyses. - FEMS
Yeast Res. 3: 417-432.
Kodsueb, R., Dhanasekaran, V., Aptroot, A.,

Lumyong, S., McKenzie, E.H.C., Hyde,
K.D. & Jeewon, R. 2006. The family
Pleosporaceae: intergeneric relationships
and phylogenetic perspectives based on
sequence analyses of partial 28S rDNA.
Kurtzman, C.P. & Robnett, C.J. 2007. Multigene

phylogenetic analysis of the
Trichomonascus, Wickerhamiella and
Zygoascus yeast clades, and the proposal of
Sugiyamaella gen. nov. and 14 new species
combinations. - FEMS Yeast Res. 7: 141151.
Kodsueb, R., Jeewon, R., Vijaykrishna, D.,

McKenzie, E.H.C., Lumyong, P., Lumyong,
S. & Hyde, K.D. 2006. Systematic studies of
Tubeufiaceae based on morphological and
molecular data. Fungal Div. 21: 105-130.
Kurtzman, C.P., Albertyn, J. & BasehoarPowers, E. 2007. Multigene phylogenetic

analysis of the Lipomycetaceae and the
proposed transfer of Zygozyma species to
Lipomyces and Babjevia anomala to
Dipodascopsis. FEMS Yeast Res. Xx: 1-8.
Kohlmeyer, J. & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B.

1996. Fungi on Juncus roemerianus. 6.
Glomerobolus gen. nov., the first ballistic
member of Agonomycetales. Mycologia
88: 328-337.
Kurtzman, C.P., Robnett, C.J., Ward, J.M.,

Brayton, C., Gorelick, P. & Walsh, T.J.
2005. Multigene phylogenetic analysis of
pathogenic Candida species in the
Kazachstania (Arxiozyma) telluris complex
and description of their ascosporic states as
Kazachstania bovina sp. nov., K.
heterogenica sp. nov., K. pintolopesii sp.
nov., and K. slooffiae sp. nov. J. Clin.
Microbiol. 43: 101-111.
Kruys, ., Eriksson, O.E. & Wedin, M. 2006.

Phylogenetic relationships of coprophilous
Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes,
Ascomycota), and the classification of some
bitunicate taxa of unknown position.
Mycol. Res. 110: 527-536.
Kurtzman, C.P. 2003. Phylogenetic
circumscription of Saccharomyces,
Kluyveromyces and other members of the
Saccharomycetaceae, and the proposal of the
new genera Lachancea, Nakaseomyces,
Naumovia, Vanderwaltozyma and
Zygotorulaspora. FEMS Yeast Res. 4:
233-245.
Landvik, S., Egger, K. & Schuhmacher, T. 1997.

Toward a subordinal classification of the
Pezizales (Ascomycota): phylogenetic
analyses SSU rDNA sequences. Nord. J.
Bot. 17: 403-418.
Kurtzman, C.P. 2004. Trichomonascus

petasosporus sp. nov. and Sympodiomyces
indianaensis sp. nov., two new members of
Saccharomycetales. Antonie van
Lin, Y.-R., Li, Z.-Z., Xiang, C.-T., Liang, S.-W.

& Yu, S.-M. 1999. A new genus of
Discomycetes, Neococcomyces gen. nov.
Mycosystema 18: 357-350.
94
Sipman, J. Stone, J. Sugiyama, R. Yahr & R.

Vilgalys. 2004. Where are we in assembling
the fungal tree of life, classifying the fungi,
and understanding the evolution of their
subcellular traits. - Am. J. Bot. 91: 14461480.
Lopandic, K., Molnr, O., Suzuki, M., Pinsker,

W. & Prillinger, H. 2005. Estimation of
phylogenetic relationships within the
Ascomycota on the basis of 18S rDNA
sequences and chemotaxonomy. Mycol.
Progr. 4: 205-214.
Lcking, R. 1999. Ergnzungen und
Verbesserungen zur Kenntnis der foliikolen
Flechtenflora Costa Ricas. Die Familie
Ectolechiaceae. Phyton (Horn) 39: 131165.
Matsushima, T. 2001 (2003). Matsushima

Mycological Memoirs 10: 1-214. (Originally
published on CD-ROM in PDF format Oct.
2001; effectively published 10 Feb. 2003
through distribution of two hard-copies.)
Lcking, R. & Kalb, K. 2000. Foliikole Flechten

aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien),
inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen
zu Coenogonium und Dimerella
(Gyalectaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 122: 161.
Mattsson, J.-E. & Wedin, M. 1999. A reassessment of the family Alectoriaceae.

McCarthy, P.M. 1995. A reappraisal of
Clathroporina Mll. Arg.
(Trichotheliaceae). - Lichenologist 27: 321350.
Lcking, R., Buck, W.R., Srusiaux, E. &

Ferraro, L.I. 2005. Gomphillus caribaeus
belongs in the new genus Brypogomphus
(Lecanorales: Pilocarpaceae). Bryologist
108: 481-486.
McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Burdet. H. M.,

Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D. L., Marhold,
K., Nicolson, D. H., Prado, J., Silva, P. C.,
Skog, J. E., Wiersema, J. H., & Turland, N.
J. (eds.) 2006. International Code of
Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code)
adopted by the Seventeenth International
Botanical Congress Vienna, Austria, July
2005. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell,
Liechtenstein.
Lcking, R., Sipman, H.J.M., Umana, L.,

Chaves, J.L. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2007.
Aptrootia (Dothideomycetes:
Trypetheliaceae), a new genus of
pyrenocarpous lichens for Thelenella
terricola. Lichenologist 39: 187-193.
Miadlikowska, J., Kauff, F., Hofstetter, V.,

Fraker, E., Grube, M., Hafellner, J., Reeb,
V., Hodkinson, B. P., Kukwa, M., Lcking,
R., Hestmark, G., Garcia Otalora, M.,
Rauhut, A., Bdel, B., Scheidegger, C.,
Timdal, E., Stenroos, S., Brodo, I.,
Perlmutter, G., Ertz, D., Diederich, P.,
Lendemer, J. C., May, P., Schoch, C. L.,
Arnold, A. E., Gueidan, C., Tripp, E., Yahr,
R., Robertson, C. & Lutzoni, F. 2006. New
insights into classification and evolution of
the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina,
Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of
three ribosomal RNA- and two proteincoding genes. - Mycologia 98:1088-1103.
Lumbsch, H.T. 1997. Bulbothricella

amazonensis is a polysporous member of
Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae). - Mycotaxon 64:
225-228.
Lumbsch, H.T., Schmitt, I., Palice, Z., Wiklund,
E., Ekman, S. & Wedin, M. 2005.
Supraordinal phylogenetic relationships of
lichen-forming discomycetes
(Lecanoromycetes) based on a combined
Bayesian analysis of nuclear and
mitochondrial sequences. - Mol. Phylogen.
Evol. 31: 822-832.
Lutzoni, F., F. Kauff, C.J. Cox, D. McLaughlin,
G. Celio, B. Dentinger, M. Padamsee, D.
Hibbett, T.Y. James, E. Baloch, M. Grube,
V. Reeb, V. Hofstetter, C. Schoch, A. E.
Arnold, J. Miadlikowska, J. Spatafora, D.
Johnson, S. Hambleton, M. Crockett, R.
Shoemaker, G-H. Sung, R. Lcking, H.T.
Lumbsch, K. ODonnell, M. Binder, P.
Diederich, D. Ertz, C. Gueidan, B. Hall, K.
Hansen, R. C. Harris, K. Hosaka, Y-W. Lim,
Y. Liu, B. Matheny, H. Nishida, D. Pfister,
J. Rogers, A. Rossman, I. Schmitt, H.
Miller, A.N., Shearer, C.A., Bartolata, M. &

Huhndorf, S.M. 2006. Cuspidatispora
xiphiago gen. et spec. nov. from an eastern
North American creek. Mycoscience 47:
218-223.
Morais, P.B., Teixeira, L.C.R.S., Bowles, J.M.,
Lachance, M.A. & Rosa, C.A. 2004.
Ogataea falcaomoraissii sp. nov., a
95
China and Singapore, with the description of

a new genus, Sablecola (Halosphaeriales,
Ascomycota). Can. J. Bot. 82: 485-490.
sporogenous methylotrophic yeast from tree

exudates. FEMS Yeast Res. 5: 81-85.
Mostert, L., Groenewald, J.Z., Summerbell,
R.C., Gams, W. & Crous, P.W. 2006.
Taxonomy and pathology of Togninia
(Diaporthales) and its Phaeoacremonium
anamorphs. Stud. Mycol. 54: 1-115.
Pang, K.-L., Gareth Jones, E.B., Vrijmoed, L.P.

& Vikineswary, S. 2004. Okeanomyces, a
new genus to accommodate Halosphaeria
cucullata (Halosphaeriales, Ascomycota).
Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146: 223-229.
Myllys, L., Hgnabba, F., Lohtander, K., Thell,

A., Stenroos, S. & Hyvnen, J. 2005.
Phylogenetic relationships of
Stereocaulaceae based on simultaneous
analysis of beta-tubulin, GAPDH and SSU
rDNA sequences. Taxon 54: 605-618.
Peter, G., Dlauchy, D., Tornai-Lehoczki, J. &

Kurtzman, C.P). 2005. Kuraishia
molischiana sp. nov., the teleomorph of
Candida molischiana. Antonie van
Peter, G., Tornal-Lehoczki, J., Shin, K.S. &
Dlauchy, D. 2007. Ogataea thermophila sp.
nov., the teleomorph of Candida
thermophila. FEMS Yeast Res. 7: 494496.
Nakabonge, G., Gryzenhout, M., Roux, J.,

Wingfield, B.D. & Wingfield, M.J. 2006.
Celoporthe dispersa gen. et sp. nov. from
native Myrtales in South Africa. Stud.
Mycol. 55: 255-267.
Petrak, F. 1953. Ein Beitrag zur Pilzflora

Floridas. Sydowia 7:103-132.
Naumov, G.I., Naumova, E.S., Smith, M.T. & de

Hoog, G.S. 2003. Ribosomal DNA
sequencing and reinstatement of the genus
Arthroascus von Arx. J. Gen. Appl.
Microbiol. 49: 267-270.
Printzen, C. 1999. Japewiella gen. nov., a new

lichen genus and a new species from
Mexico. Bryologist 102: 714-719.
Naumov, G.I., Naumova, E.S., Smith, M.T. & de

Hoog, G.S. 2006. Molecular-genetic
diversity of the ascomycetous yeast genus
Arthroascus: Arthroascus babjevae sp. nov.,
Arthroascus fermentans var. arxii var. nov.
and geographical populations of Arthroascus
schoenii. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56:
1997-2007.
Rambold, G. 1989. A Monograph of the

Saxicolous Lecideoid Lichens of Australia
(Excl. Tasmania). Bibl. Lichenol. 34: 1345.
Rblov, M. 2006. Molecular systematics of
Ceratostomella sensu lato and
morphologically similar fungi. Mycologia
98: 68-93.
Nguyen, N.H., Suh, S.-O., Marshall, C.J. &

Blackwell, M. 2006. Morphological and
ecological similarities: wood-boring beetles
associated with novel xylose-fermenting
yeasts, Spathaspora passalidarum gen. nov.
and Candida jeffriesii sp. nov. Mycol. Res.
110: 1232-1241.
Rice, A.V. & Currah, R.S. 2006. Two new

species of Pseudogymnoascus with
Geomyces anamorphs and their phylogenetic
relationship with Gymnostellatospora.
Rogers, J.D., Ju, Y.M. & Hemmes, D.E. 2006.
Hypoxylon subdisciforme sp. nov., Nemania
abortiva sp. nov., and Xylotumulus
gibbisporus gen. et sp. nov. from Hawaii,
Hawaiian Islands. Sydowia 58: 290-299.
Nordn, B., Sunhede, S. & Larsson, E. 2005

New species of Moristroma (Ascomycetes)
and phylogenetic position of the genus.
Mycol. Progr. 4: 325-332.
Nordin, A. & Tibell, L. 2005. Additional species
in Tetramelas. Lichenologist 37: 491-498.
Ryan, B.D. 2004. Lignoscripta. In: Nash, T.H.,

III, Ryan, B.D., Diederich, P., Gries, C. &
Bungartz, F. (eds.): Lichen Flora of the
Greater Sonoran Desert Region. II. Lichens
Unlimited, Arizona State University,
Tempe, Arizona, pp. 350-351.
Ohmura, Y. 2002. Phylogenetic evaluation of

infrageneric groups of the genus Usnea
based on ITS regions in rDNA. J. Hattori
Bot. Lab. 91: 231-243.
Santesson, R., Moberg, R., Nordin, A.,

Tnsberg, T. & Vitikainen, O. 2004. Lichenforming and lichenicolous fungi of
Pang, K.-L., Gareth Jones, E.B. & Vrijmoed,

L.P. 2004. Two new marine fungi from
96
and Uganda (East Africa). - Lichenologist

38: 115-121.
Fennoscandia. Museum of Evolution,

Uppsala, University, Uppsala.
Schmitt, I., Mueller, G. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2005.
Ascoma morphology is homoplaseous and
phylogenetically misleading in some
pyrenocarpous lichens. - Mycologia 97: 362374.
Smith, M.E., Trappe, J.M. & Rizzo, D.M. 2006.

Genea, Genabea and Gilkeya gen. nov.:
ascomata and ectomycorrhiza formation in a
Quercus woodland. Mycologia 98: 699716.
Schmitt, I., Yamamoto, Y. & Lumbsch, H.T.

2006. Phylogeny of Pertusariales
(Ascomycotina): resurrection of
Ochrolechiaceae and new circumscription of
Megasporaceae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 100:
753-764.
Sparrius, L.B. 2004. A monograph of

Enterographa and Sclerophyton. Bibl.
Lichenol. 89: 1-141.
Spatafora, J.W., Sung, G.H., Johnson, D., Hesse,
C., ORourke, B., Serdani, M., Spotts, R.,
Lutzoni, F., Hofstetter, V., Miadlikowska, J.,
Reeb, V., Gueidan, C., Fraker, E., Lumbsch,
T., Lcking, R., Schmitt, I., Hosaka, K.,
Aptroot, A., Roux, C., Miller, A.N., Geiser,
D.M., Hafellner, J., Hestmark, G., Arnold,
A.E., Bdel, B., Rauhut, A., Hewitt, D.,
Untereiner, W.A., Cole, M.S., Scheidegger,
C., Sipman, H. & Schoch, C.L. 2007
(2006). A five-gene phylogeny of
Pezizomycotina. Mycologia 98: 10181028.
Schoch C.L., Crous P.W., Wingfield M. &

Wingfield B.D. 2000. Phylogeny of
Calonectria and selected hypocrealean
genera with cylindrical macroconidea. Studies in Mycology 45: 45-62.
Schoch, C.L., Kohlmeyer, J., VolkmannKohlmeyer, B., Tsui, C.K.M. & Spatafora,
J.W. 2006. The halotolerant fungus
Glomerobolus gelineus is a member of the
Ostropales. Mycol. Res. 110: 257-263.
Spooner B.M. 1987. Helotiales of Australasia:

Geoglossaceae, Orbiliaceae, Sclerotiniaceae,
Hyaloscyphaceae. Bibl. Mycol. 116: 1711.
Schoch, C.L., Shoemaker, R.A., Seifert, K.A.,

Hambleton, S., Spatafora, J.W. & Crous,
P.W. 2007 (2006). A multigene phylogeny
of the Dothideomycetes using four nuclear
loci. Mycologia 98: 1041-1052.
Stadler M., Lsse T., & Vasilyeva L. 2005. The

genus Pyrenomyxa and its affinities to other
cleistocarpous Hypoxyloideae as inferred
from morphological and chemical traits. Mycologia 97: 1129-1139.
Schoch, C.L., Sung, G.H., VolkmannKohlmeyer, B., Kohlmeyer, J. & Spatafora,

J.W. 2007b. Marine fungal lineages in the
Hypocreomycetidae. Mycol. Research
111: 154-162.
Staiger, B. 2002. Die Flechtenfamilie

Graphidaceae. Studien in Richtung einer
natrlicheren Gliederung. Bibl. Lichenol.
95: 1-526.
Schroers, H.-J., Samuels, G.J. & Gams, W. 1999.

Stephanonectria, a new genus of
Hypocreales (Bionectriaceae), and its
sporodochial anamorph. Sydowia 51: 114126.
Staiger, B., Kalb, K. & Grube, M. 2006.

Phylogeny and phenotypic variation in the
lichen family Graphidaceae
(Ostropomycetidae, Ascomycota). Mycol.
Res. 110: 765-772.
Serusiaux, E. & Lcking, R. 2003. The lichen

genus Caprettia Bat. & H. Maia
(Monoblastiaceae). Bibl. Lichenol. 86:
161-176.
Stenroos, S., Stocker-Wrgtter, E., Yoshimura,

I., Myllys, L., Thell, A. & Hyvnen, J. 2003.
Culture experiments and DNA sequence
data confirm the identity of Lobaria
photomorphs. Can. J. Bot. 81: 232-247.
Serusiaux, E. & Lcking, R. 2007.

Gallaicolichen, a new genus of foliicolous
lichen with unique diaspores. Bibl.
Lichenol. 95: 509-516.
Stenroos, S., Myllys, L., Thell, A. & Hyvnen, J.

2002. Phylogenetic hypotheses:
Cladoniaceae, Stereocaulaceae,
Baeomycetaceae, and Icmadophilaceae
revisited. Mycol. Progress 1: 267-282.
Srusiaux, E., Fischer, E. & Killmann, D. 2006.

Nyungwea, a new genus of lichen with
goiniocyst-producing stipes from Rwanda
97
Lobariaceae Chevall. (Lecanorales,

Ascomycota) in New Zealand, based on
ITS-5.8S molecular sequence data. Bibl.
Lichenol. 82: 123-138.
Sugiyama, J., Hosaka, K. & Suh, S.O. 2007

(2006). Early diverging Ascomycota:
phylogenetic divergence and related
evolutionary enigmas. Mycologia 98: 9961005.
Tsui, C.K.M. & Berbee, M.L. 2006.

Phylogenetic relationships and convergence
of helicosporous fungi inferred from
ribosomal DNA sequences. Mol.
Phylogen. Evol. 39: 587-597.
Suh, S.O., Blackwell, M., Kurtzman, C.P. &

Lachance, M.A. 2007 (2006).
Phylogenetics of Saccharomycetales, the
ascomycete yeasts. Mycologia 98: 10061017.
Sukov, M. 2005. A revision of selected material
of lignicolous species of Brunnipila,
Capitotricha, Dasyscyphella and
Neodasyscypha from the Czech Republic.
Czech Mycol. 57: 139-172.
Untereiner, W.A., Naveau, F.A., Bachewich, J.

& Angus, A. 2006. Evolutionary
relationships of Hyphodiscus hyemniophilus
(anamorph Catenulifera rhodogena) inferred
from -tubulin and nuclear ribosomal DNA
sequences. Can. J. Bot. 84: 243-253.
Tanaka, K., Harada, Y. & Barr, M.E. 2005.

Trematosphaeria: taxonomic concepts, new
species from Japan and key to species. Fungal Diversity 19: 145-156.
Vassilijeva, L.N. 2007. Pyrenomycetes of the

Russian Far East 2. Mollicamarops stellata
gen. et sp. nov. Mycotaxon 99: 159-162.
Tang, A.M.C., Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K.D. 2007.

Phylogenetic utility of protein (RPB2, tubulin) and ribosomal (LSU, SSU) gene
sequences in the systematics of
Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota, Fungi).
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 91: 327-349.
Vezda, A. 2004. Zur Systematik von Bacidia

permira (foliicole Flechte, Ascomcyotina).
Czech Mycol. 56: 149-150.
Vezda, A. 1997. Schedae ad lichenes rariores

exsiccati, Fasc. XXVII: 1-7.
Vezda, A. 2004b. Neue foliicole Flechten III.

Acta Mus. Richnov., sect. Natur. 11: 57-72.
Taylor, J.E. & Hyde, K.D. 2003. Microfungi of

tropical and temperate palms. Hong Kong.
Vijaykrishna, D., Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K.D.

2005. Fusoidispora aquatica: A new
ascomycete from Hong Kong based on
morphology and phylogeny inferred from
rDNA sequences. Sydowia 57: 267-280.
Thell, A., Feuerer, T., Elix, J.A. & Krnelfelt, I.

2006. A contribution to the phylogeny and
taxonomy of Xanthoparmelia (Ascomycota,
Parmeliaceae). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 100:
797-807.
Walker, J. 2004. Claviceps phalaridis in

Australia: biology, pathology and taxonomy
with a description of the new genus
Cepsiclava (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae).
Australas. Pl. Path. 33: 211-239.
Thell, A., Feuerer, T., Krnefelt, I., Myllys, L. &

Stenroos, S. 2004. Monophyletic groups
within the Parmeliaceae identified by ITS
rDNA, -tubulin and GAPDH sequences.
Mycol. Progr. 3: 296-314.
Wang, Z., Binder, M., Schoch, C.L., Johnston,

P.R., Spatafora, J.W. & Hibbett, D.S. 2006.
Evolution of helotialean fungi
(Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina): a nuclear
rDNA phylogeny. Mol. Phylogen. Evol.
41: 295-312.
Thell, A., Randlane, T., Saag, A. & Krnefelt, I.

2005. A new circumscription of the lichen
genus Nephromopsis (Parmeliaceae,
lichenized Ascomycetes). Mycol. Progr. 4:
303-316.
Wang, Z., Johnston, P.R., Takamatsu, S.,

Spatafora, J.W. & Hibbett, D.S. 2007
(2006). Toward a phylogenetic
classification of the Leotiomycetes based on
rDNA data. Mycologia 98: 1065-1075.
Thell, A., Schting, U., Krnefelt, I., Elix, J.A. &

Sancho, L.G. 2007. Phylogeny of
Himantormia an Antarctic genus in the
Parmeliaceae (lichenized ascomycetes).
Wedin, M., Baloch, E. & Grube, M. 2002.

Parsimony analyses of mtSSU an nITS
rDNA sequences reveal the natural
relationships of the lichen families
Thomas, M.A., Ryan, D.J., Farnden, K.J. &

Galloway, D.J. 2002. Observations on
phylogenetic relationships within
98
Zhuang, W.-Y. & Liu, C.-Y. 2006. A new

species of Geopyxis (Pezizales,
Pyrenometaceae) with ornamented
ascospores from China. Nova Hedwigia
83: 177-186.
Physciaceae and Caliciaceae. - Taxon 51:

655-660.
Wedin, M. & Wiklund, E. 2004. The
phylogenetic relationships of Lecanorales
suborder Peltigerineae revisited. Symb.
Bot. Upsal. 34(1): 469-475.
Zipfel, R.D., de Beer, Z.W., Jacobs, K.,

Wingfield, B.D. & Wingfield, M.J. 2006.
Multi-gene phylogenies define
Ceratocystiopsis and Grosmannia distinct
from Ophiostoma. Stud. Mycol. 55: 75-97.
Wedin, M., Wiklund, E., Crewe, A., Dring, H.,

Ekman, S., Nyberg, ., Schmitt, I. &
Lumbsch, H.T. 2005. Phylogenetic
relationships of Lecanoromycetes
(Ascomycota) as revealed by analyses of
mtSSU and nLSU rDNA seqaence data.
Mycol. Research 109: 159-172.
Wedin. M., Jrgensen, P.M. & Wiklund, E.
2007. Massalongiaceae fam. nov., an
overlooked monophyletic group among
cyanobacterial lichens (Peltigerales,
Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycotina).
Wiklund, E. & Wedin, M. 2003. The
phylogenetic relationships of the
cyanobacterial lichens in the Lecanorales
suborder Peltigerineae. Cladistics 19: 419431.
Wirtz, N., Printzen, C., Sancho, L.G. &
Lumbsch, H.T. 2006. The phylogeny and
classification of Neuropogon and Usnea
(Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) revisited. Taxon 55: 367-376.
Woronichin N.N. (1916). Izvestiya Kavkaz.
Muz. 10(1): 7 (1916).
Yoshimura, I. 2002. Lobariella. - In: Nash, T.H.,
III, Ryan, B.D., Gries, C. & Bungartz, F.
(eds.): Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran
Desert Region. I. Lichens Unlimited,
Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,
pp. 270-272.
Zhang, N., Castlebury, L.A., Miller, A.N.,
Huhndorf, S.M., Schoch, C.L., Seifert, K.A.,
Rossman, A.J., Rogers, J.D., Kohlmeyer, J.,
Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. & Sung, G.H.
2007. An overview of the systematics of the
Sordariomycetes based on a four-gene
phylogeny. Mycologia 98: 1076-1987.
Zhou, Q.-M., Wei, J.-C., Ahti, T., Stenroos, S. &
Hgnabba, F. 2006. The systematic position
of Gymnoderma and Cetradonia based on
SSU rDNA sequences. J. Hattori Bot. Lab.
100: 871-880.
99

Notes On Ascomycete Systematics

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Notes On Ascomycete Systematics

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

VOLUME 13

DECEMBER 31, 2007

Notes on ascomycete systematics

4476. Acanthotrema A. Frisch

4568. Aciculopsora Aptroot & Trest

4477. Acarospora A. Massal.

This new genus is described for a single new

The genus is restricted by Crewe et al. (2006) to

4478. Acarosporaceae Zahlbr.

Thell et al. 2004) supported its inclusion in

Ramalinaceae, but additional studies including

4569. Almbornia Essl.

See note under Xanthoparmelia (4615). (200612-20)

See note under Sordariaceae (4469). (2006-0717)

4479. Amphilogia Gryzenh. & M.J. Wingf.

This genus was described in Gryzenhout et al.

This genus was described by Matsushima (2003)

4480. Ampliotrema Kalb

4616. Aporothielavia Malloch & Cain

4617. Aptrootia Lcking & Sipman

Lcking et al. (2007) described this new genus in

4409. Annulohypoxylon Y.-M. Ju, J.D. Rogers

4618. Arachnomycetales Gibas, Sigler &

Hypoxylon sect. Annulata was raised to generic

Geiser et al. (2007) included this order in

4570. Arthroascus Arx

Naumov et al. (2006) described two new taxa in

Based on deviating ascospores this family is

contradictive to molecular phylogenies in placing

from nu LSU rDNA sequences that Arthroascus

4621. Ascosphaerales Gum. ex Skou

Geiser et al. (2007) included this order in

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this

4412. Ascoyunnania L. Cai & K.D. Hyde

4620. Arxiozyma Van der Walt & Yarrow

4482. Ascocoronospora Matsush.

4571. Aspicilia A. Massal.

4483. Ascofascicula Matsush.

This genus was described by Matsushima (2003)

This new genus is described for a single species

Lopandic et al. (2005) used a SSU rDNA

See note 4643. (2007-06-05)

4413. Baeomycetaceae Dumort.

4623. Baeomycetaceae Dumort.

Wang et al. (2007) suggested transferring this

In the study of Miadlikowska et al. (2007) this

4414. Bryogomphus Lcking, W.R. Buck,

4484. Basidioascus Matsush.

The recently described species Gomphillus

This genus was described as an ascomycete by

4415. Bulbotrichella V. Marcano, S. Mohali &

This genus is currently accepted in Parmeliaceae,

4485. Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd.

4628. Caliciaceae Chevall.

The major clades in Botryosphaeriaceae are

Miadlikowska et al. (2007) supported previous

4416. Candelariaceae Hakul.

4625. Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd.

4626. Botryosphaeriales Schoch, Crous &

4629. Candelariaceae Hakul.

4627. Bryoglossum Redhead

4488. Ceratocystiopsis H.P. Upadhyay & W.B.

4630. Capnodiales Woron.