Example EC FireDesign WS

1
Workshop Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes Brussels, 27-28 November 2012
Fire resistance assessment of Composite structures

Basic design methods
Worked examples
CAJOT Louis-Guy
Chairman of CEN/TC250/SC4/EG - Fire Part
ArcelorMittal
The Building (R+5)

2
120mm slab
COFRAPLUS 60
Composite beams
IPE450
Partially encased
composite columns
HE260A
Bracing system
Structure grid of the composite building

3
Composite slab, composite beams, composite columns

S2
1
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
Bracing system
Bracing system
7m
Bracing system
14 m
S1
7m
S1
C
Bracing system
S2
S1 - S1

4
Actions (for all floor levels)
Self weight G1
9Composite slab unit weight : 2.12 kN/m
9Steel structural members
Permanent load G2
9Finishing, embedded services, partitions : 1.50 kN/m
Faade G3 : 2 kN/m
Characteristic values of variable loads and factors
Type
qk
Live load on floors

Snow on roof
4.0 kN/m
0.7
0.6
1.7 kN/m
0.2
0.0

Structural members
Composite slab
9 Total thickness: 12 cm
9 Steel deck: COFRAPLUS60
9 Thickness of steel deck: 0.75 mm
9 Continuous slab over 2 spans
Secondary beams
9 IPE450 linked with headed studs to the composite slab; fire
protected steel sections
9 Alternative : Partially encased composite beams IPE450; fire
protection obtained through partial encasement
Columns for ground level

9 Facade columns: Partially encased HEA260
9 Alternative: Fully encased HEB160

6
Composite slab, composite beams, composite columns

S2
1
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
Bracing system
Bracing system
7m
Bracing system
14 m
S1
7m
S1
C
Bracing system
S2
S1 - S1

7
Composite slab continuous on 3 supports

S2
1
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
Bracing system
Bracing system
7m
Bracing system
14 m
S1
7m
S1
C
Bracing system
S2
S1 - S1
Verification of the composite slab

8
Summary of data
3m
3m
Slab thickness = 12cm
Required fire resistance : R60

9
Material characteristics
Steel decking :
fy = 350 N/mm
Concrete :
C25/30 ; fc = 25 N/mm
Rebars :
fy = 500 N/mm
Mesh ST25 ; A = 2,57 cm/m
Ribs : 1 8 /rib
Loads
Permanent loads:
Steel decking :
gt,k = 0,085 kN/m
Concrete :
gb,k = 2,03 kN/m
Permanent load :
gc,k = 1,5 kN/m
Variable load :
qk = 4,0 kN/m
Variable load:

10
Geometric parameters
COFRAPLUS60
1m
l1
l3
h1 = 62 mm
l1 = 101 mm
18 per rib
= 2,51 cm/m
h2 = 58 mm h3 = 0
l2 = 62 mm l3 = 106 mm
Application field
Trapezoidal steel decking
profiles [mm]
Existing geometric parameters

[mm]
Condition fulfilled ?
80 l1 155
l1 = 101
OK
32 l2 132
l2 = 62
OK
40 l3 115
l3 = 106
OK
50 h1 125
h1 = 62
OK
50 h2 100
h2 = 58
OK

11
Fire resistance according to thermal insulation

ti = a0 + a1 h1' + a2 + a3
A
1
A 1
+ a4
+ a5
Lr
l3
Lr l 3
ti = ( 28,8) + 1,55 h1' + ( 12,6) + 0,33
A
1
A 1
+ ( 735 )
+ 48
Lr
l3
Lr l 3
For Normal Weight Concrete

a0
[min]
-28,8
a1
[min/mm]
1,55
a2
[min]
-12,6
a3
[min/mm]
0,33
a4
mmmin
-735
a5
[min]
48

12

ti = a0 + a1 h1' + a2 + a3
A
1
A 1
+ a4
+ a5
Lr
l3
Lr l 3
ti = ( 28,8) + 1,55 62 + ( 12,6) + 0,33
l3
A
1
A 1
+ ( 735 )
+ 48
Lr
106
Lr 106
l1 = 101
l3 = 53
h3=0
h1=62
h2=58
Exposed Surface
l2 = 62
h1' = h1 + h3 = 62 mm
(h3 = thickness of the screed)

13

ti = a0 + a1 h1' + a2 + a3
A
1
A 1
+ a4
+ a5
Lr
l3
Lr l 3
ti = ( 28,8) + 1,55 62 + ( 12,6) + 0,33 25,6 + ( 735 )
l3
l1= 101
h3=0
l3 = 53
Rib geometry factor
A
=
Lr
h1=62
h2=58
Exposed Surface
l2 = 62
1
1
+ 48 25,6
106
106
l +l
h2 1 2
2
l l
l 2 + 2 h22 + 1 2
2
= 25,6 mm

14

ti = a0 + a1 h1' + a2 + a3
A
1
A 1
+ a4
+ a5
Lr
l3
Lr l 3
ti = ( 28,8) + 1,55 62 + ( 12,6) 0,727 + 0,33 25,6 + ( 735 )
1
1
+ 48 25,6
106
106
ti = 71min
l3
l1= 101
l3 = 53
View factor
h3=0
2
2
l
l
l
2
2
= h2 + l 3 + 1 2 h2 + 1 2 l 3 = 0,727
h1=62
h2=58
Exposed Surface
l2 = 62

15
Simplified method (EN1994-1-2/Annex D/D.4)

For h2/h1 1,5 and h1 > 40mm
l +l
101 + 62
heff = h1 + 0,5 h2 1 2 = 62 + 0,5 58
= 85 mm
+
101
106
+
l
l
1 3
h3
h1
heff
h2
l2
l1
l3
h1 = 62 mm
h2 = 58 mm
l1 = 101 mm
l2 = 62 mm
l3 = 106 mm
Minimal effective thickness of the slab heff to satisfy the thermal insulation criteria
Standard fire
resistance
heff
[mm]
I 30
I 60
I 90
I 120
I 180
I 240
60-h3
80-h3
100-h3
120-h3
150-h3
175-h3
h3 = 0 ; heff = 85mm
I 60

Temperature evolution in the section as a function of the time
16

17
+
Calculation of the sagging moment resistance Mfi,t,Rd
Temperature distribution in the steel decking : a = b0 + b1

Concrete
Fire
resistance
[min]
60
Normal
Concrete
90
120
Part of the
Steel decking
b0
[C]
b1
[Cmm]
b2
[C/mm]
1
A
+ b 2 + b3 + b 4 2
l3
Lr
b3
[C]
b4
[C]
Lower flange
951
-1197
-2.32
86.4
-150.7
Web
661
-833
-2.96
537.7
-351.9
Upper flange
340
-3269
-2.62
1148.4
-679.8
Lower flange
1018
-839
-1.55
65.1
-108.1
Web
816
-959
-2.21
464.9
-340.2
Upper flange
618
-2786
-1.79
767.9
-472.0
Lower flange
1063
-679
-1.13
46.7
-82.8
Web
925
-949
-1.82
344.2
-267.4
Upper flange
770
-2460
-1.67
592.6
-379.0
l3
l1= 101
h3=0
h1=62
h2=58
l2 = 62
For the different parts of the steel decking, the temperatures at 60 minutes are :
Upper Flange
a = 951 1197
Web
a = 661 833
Lower Flange
a = 340 3269
1
2,32 25,6 + 86,4 0,727 150,7 0,727 2 = 863 C
106
1
2,96 25,6 + 537,7 0,727 351,9 0,7272 = 782 C
106
1
2,62 25,6 + 1148,4 0,727 679,8 0,7272 = 718 C
106
l3 = 53

18
s = c 0 + c1
Temperature of the reinforcing bar in the rib :

l3 = 53
l1 = 101
A
1
u3
+ c2 z + c3 + c 4 + c5
h2
Lr
l3
l3
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
=
z
u1
u2
u3
with
h1 = 62
1
35,8
1
35,8
1
20
z = 1,79 mm0,5
h2 = 58
u1
u2
u3
l2 = 62
u1 = 35,8mm
= 70
Concrete
Normal
Concrete
Fire resistance
[min]
c0
[C]
c1
[C]
c2
[C/mm0.5]
c3
[C/mm]
c4
[C/]
c5
[C]
60
1191
-250
-240
-5.01
1.04
-925
90
1342
-256
-235
-5.30
1.39
-1267
120
1387
-238
-227
-4.79
1.68
-1326
u2 = 35,8mm
u3 = 20mm
(axis distances)
s = 1191 250
20
1
240 1,79 5,01 25,6 + 1,04 71,4 925
= 612 C
58
106

19
Bearing capacity of the different parts of the steel decking and the reinforcing bar :
Reduction
factor
ky,i [-]
Temperature
i [C]
Partial
area
Ai [cm]
fy,i,
[kN/cm]
Fi
[kN]
Lower flange
863
0,078
0,465
2,74
1,274
Web
782
0,131
0,918
4,60
4,221
Upper flange
718
0,209
0,795
7,31
5,813
Rebar in the rib
612
0,367
0,503
18,34
9,22
ky
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
[C]

20
Positive moment of the composite slab

Determination of the plastic neutral axis :
zpl
Equilibrium of the horizontal forces
l3 = 53
l1 = 101
Fi = slab (l 1 + l 3 ) zpl fc
l3
z pl =
1,274 + 4,221 + 5,813 + 9,22

Fi
=
= 4,7 mm
slab (l 1 + l 3 ) fc
0,85 (101 + 106) 25 10 3
Determination of the positive moment resistance of the composite slab :

Fi
[kN]
zi
[cm]
Mi
[kNcm]
Lower flange
1,274
11,96
15,245
Web
4,221
9,10
38,410
Upper flange
5,813
6,16
35,820
Reinforcing bar in the rib
9,22
10,0
92,196
Concrete
-20,527
0,23
-4,79
for a rib width of 207mm,

Mi = 176,9 kNcm
Than, for a slab width equal to 1m,

Mfi+,Rd =
1,769
Mi
=
= 8,5 kNm / m
rib width 0,207

21
Calculation of the hogging moment resistance Mfi,t,Rd

Y
The hogging moment resistance of the slab is

calculated by considering a reduced cross section
established on the basis of the isotherm for the
limit temperature lim schematised by means of 4
characteristic points.
IV
III
l3
h2
II
lim = d0 + d1 Ns + d2
A
1
+ d3 + d4
Lr
l3
Normal weight
concrete
(Ns = 26,6 kN is the normal force in the upper reinforcing bar )
Fire resistance
[min]
d0
[C]
d1
[C].N
d2
[C].mm
d3
[C]
d4
[C].mm
60
867
-1,9.10-4
-8,75
-123
-1378
90
1055
-2,2.10-4
-9,91
-154
-1990
120
1144
-2,2.10-4
-9,71
-166
-2155
lim = 867 1,9 10 4 26600 8,75 25,6 123 0,727 1378
1
= 535C
106

22
Determination of the points of the isotherm :

Y
IV
III
l3
II
h2
X
The parameter z of the formula D.9 is obtained from the equation for the
determination of the temperature of the reinforcing bar, assuming that u3/h2 = 0,75
and s = lim
lim = c 0 + c1
z=
u3
A
1
+ c2 z + c3 + c 4 + c5
h2
Lr
l3
lim c 0 0,75 c1 25,6 c 3 71,4 c 4 c 5

c2
1
1
535 1191 + 0,75 250 + 25,6 5,01 71,4 1,04 + 925
106 =
106 = 1,69 mm0,5
( 240)

23
Coordinates of the points of the isotherm :

The coordinates of the 4 characteristic points are determined by the following formulae :
YI = YII =
1
1

z
l 1 + l 3
YIII = h2
YIV = h2 + b
Points
0,0
10,1
II
23,7
10,1
III
42,1
58,0
IV
103,5
66,0
XI = 0
XII =
Coordinates
[mm]
with
b = l 1 sin 1
2
2 h2
= arctan
l1 l 2
1
YI
l2 +
(cos 1)
2
sin
IV
III
XIV =
1
(l1 + l 3 )
2
l3
1
1
a=
l 1 sin
z
h2
1
b
XIII =
l1
2
sin
a2 4a + c
a
II
h2
X
(
c = + 8 (1 +
)
1 + a ) si a < 8
c = 8 1 + 1 + a si a 8

24
Determination of the plastic neutral axis :
IV
III
l3
h2
II
Mesh ST25
The horizontal equilibrium gives :
Temperature
i [C]
Reduction
factor
ky,i [-]
Partial
area
Ai [cm]
< lim
1,0
0,532
F
z
47
,
4
z
i tg pl
pl
0,85 fc
=> zpl = 22,35mm
[kN/cm]
Fi
[kN]
50
26,60
fy,i,

25
Moment resistance of each part of the rib :

Fi [kN]
zi [cm]
Mi [kNcm]
Mesh ST25
26,60
8,9
239,01
Concrete rib
-26,60
4,5
-120,32
The negative moment resistance of the composite slab, for a rib width of 207mm is given by :
= 118,7 kNcm
Than, for a slab width equal to 1m,
fi,Rd
Mi
rib width
1,187
= 5,734 kNm / m
0,207

26
Bearing capacity of the continuous slab

The applied load is :
Efi,d = Gk + 1,1 Qk,1
pfi,d = 1,0 * (0,085 + 2,03 + 1,5) + 0,6 * 4 = 6,02 kN/m
For a slab width equal to 1m, the bearing capacity may be deduced from the sagging and
hogging moment by the following relation :
2
2
2
M
+
2
M
M
fi,Rd
fi,Rd
fi,Rd
l2
l2
2 5,734 + 4 8,5 2
2
2
(
)
=
+
5
,
734
+
2
8
,
5
5
,
734
32
32
p fi,Rd =
p fi,Rd
2Mfi,Rd + 4M+fi,Rd
pfi,Rd = 9,98 kN/m
>
pfi,d = 6,02 kN/m
The continuous slab has a fire resistance of 60 minutes

Bearing capacity of the continuous slab : Simplified formula

pfi,d = 6,31 kN/m
33,4 kNm 28,4 kNm

pfi,Rd = 7,33 kN/m pfi,d = 6,31 kN/m
27

Evolution du moment flchissant en fonction du temps
28
Verification of the composite slabv

Evolution de la dforme en fonction du temps
29

30
Secondary composite beams

S2
1
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
Bracing system
Bracing system
7m
Bracing system
14 m
S1
7m
S1
C
Bracing system
S2
S1 - S1
Verification of the composite beam

31
Data
Composite beam on 2 supports
Gk+ Qk
Continuous slab on 3 supports

Beam span = 14m
Distance between beams = 3m
14.0 m
Required fire resistance R60
l=3
m
l=3
S355
)
0
5
(IPE4
m
4
L=1

32
Geometrical characteristics and material properties

Beam :
IPE450
h = 450 mm
b = b1 = b2 = 190 mm
ew = 9,4 mm
ef = e1 = e2 = 14,6 mm
fy = 355 N/mm
beff
b2
hc
e2
h
ew
b1
Steel decking : fy = 350 N/mm

Concrete :
Connectors :
hc = 120 mm
beff = 3000 mm
C25/30
fc = 25 N/mm
fu = 450 N/mm
Number = 136
Diameter = 19 mm
hw
e1
h1
h2
l2
l1
h1 = 62 mm
l1 = 101 mm
l3
h2 = 58 mm
l2 = 62 mm l3 = 106 mm

33

Fire protection (use of sprayed protection)
High density
spray
(vermiculite)
IPE450
Fire protection material characteristics :

Thickness : dp= 15 mm
Thermal conductivity : p= 0,12 W/(mK)
Specific heat : cp=1100 J/(kgK)
Density: p= 550 kg/m

Loads
Permanents loads:
Steel decking :
gt,k = 0,085 kN/m
Concrete :
gb,k = 2,03 kN/m
Permanent load :
gc,k = 1,5 kN/m
Self weight of the profile :
Ga,k = 0,776 kN/ml
Variable load :
qk = 4,0 kN/m
Variable load:
34

35
Determination of the load level in fire situation

fi,t =
E fi,d,t
Rd
Mfi,Ed
MRd
Combination of the mechanical actions:
Ed = E Gk, j + P+ A d + (1,1 ou 2,1 )Qk,1 + 2,iQk,i

j1
if1
System considered:
Central support : reaction = 1,25 P. l
l=3
m
l=3
4
L=1
S355
)
0
5
E4
m (IP
Ffi,d = 1,25 [( gk,1 + 2,1 qk,1 ) l ] + G a,k = 1,25 [(3,62 + 0,6 4 ) 3] + 0,776 = 23,332 kN/m
Calculated moment:
Ffi,d L2
23,332 14 2
=
= 571,6 kNm
Mfi,Ed =
8
8
MRd = 1065,3 kNm (see Calculation Note)
fi,t =
571,6
= 0,537
1065,3

36
Critical temperature method

Determination of the critical T
fi,t = fay, cr / fay
Table 3.2:
Reduction factors k for stress-strain relationships

of structural steel at elevated temperatures.
Steel
Temperature
a[C]
kE,
kp,
ky,
ku,
20
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,25
100
1,00
1,00
1,00
1,25
200
0,90
0,807
1,00
1,25
Resistance
300
0,80
0,613
1,00
1,25
% of the nominal value
400
0,70
0,420
1,00
500
0,60
0,360
0,78
600
0,31
0,180
0,47
700
0,13
0,075
0,23
60
800
0,09
0,050
0,11
40 Elastic
modulus kE,
20
900
0,0675
0,0375
0,06
1000
0,0450
0,0250
0,04
1100
0,0225
0,0125
0,02
1200
For R60
fay, cr
fay
= 0,537
cr = 578C
100
Effective
resistance ky,
80
300
600
900 1200
Temperature [C]

37
Temperature calculation in the protected steel cross section

The increase of temperature of the various parts of the protected steel beam during the time
interval may be determined by the following equation :
p /d p
=
c a a
a,t
A p,i
V
i
1
w/10
(
)
t
e
1 t
a,t
1 + w/3 t
[(
) ]
with :
Ca
specific heat of the steel ; varying according to the steel temperature [J/(kg.K)] (3.3.1(4))
density of the steel [kg/m3] ( 3.4(1))
thermal conductivity of the fire protection material [W/mK]
dp
thickness of the fire protection material [m]
Ap,i
is the area of the inner surface of the fire protection material per unit length of the part i of the steel
member [m/m]
Vi
volume of the part i of the steel cross section per unit length [m3/m]
Ap,i /Vi
section factor of the part i of the insulated steel cross-section [m-1]
time interval (less than 5sec) [s]
c pp
w =
c aa
A p,i
d p
V
i
where
cp
p
specific heat of the fire protection material [J/kgK]

density of the fire protection material [kg/m3]

38
Temperature calculation in the protected steel cross section
T lower flange T upper flange
Am/V
[m-1]
Steel temperature
after 60
[C]
Upper flange
147,5
480
Web
212,8
588
Lower flange
147,5
480

39
Determination of the failure time

1200
Steel temperature [C]
1000
800
Protected IPE450
600
cr = 578C
400
200
0
0
20
40
60
80
t = 88min
100
time [min]
120

40
Verification of the resistance by the moment resistance method

a,max,30
ky,
fay,
[C]
[-]
[N/mm]
Upper flange
480
0,824
292,5
Web
588
0,507
179,9
Lower flange
480
0,824
292,5
ky,
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
[C]

41
Determination of the tensile force in the profile
The steel profile is subjected to a tensile force T which could be calculated by the following way
T=
fay, 1 b e f + fay, w h w e w + fay, 2 b e f

M,fi,a
= 2334,096 kN
The location of the tensile force (with regard to the bottom flange) is given by the following equation :
b e 2f
fay,1
2
yT =
h
e
+ fay,w (h w e w ) e f + w + fay,2 (b e f ) h f
2
2
= 222,6 mm
T M,fi,a

42
Limitation of the tensile force

T N Pfi,Rd
with N
Pfi,Rd
is the number of connectors in the critical length of the beam

is the design shear resistance of one connector in fire
situation
Pfi,Rd = min
where
and
fu
= 0,8
'
Rd,2
= 0,29 d
M,fi,v
'
Pfi,Rd,2 = k c, PRd
,2
.d 2
450 .19 2
= 0,8
= 102 kN
4
1,0
4
'
Rd,1
'
Pfi,Rd,1 = 0,8 k u, PRd
,1
f c E cm
M,fi,v
= 0,29 1,0 19 2
25 30500
= 91kN
1,0

43
Determination of the reduction factors

v (connectors) = 80% semelle = 0,8 x 480 = 384C ku, = 1,04
c (concrete) = 40% semelle = 0,4 x 480 = 192C kc, = 0,954
k
1.2
1,04
0,954
ku,
kc,
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
192
0
0
Pfi,Rd = min
384
200
400
[C]
600
800
1000
1200
'
Pfi,Rd,1 = 0,8 k u, PRd
,1 = 0,8 1,04 102 = 84,9 kN
'
Pfi,Rd,2 = k c, PRd
,2 = 0,954 91 = 87,21kN
Limit of the tensile force is fulfilled :
T N Pfi,Rd
2334,096 kN < 68 84,9 = 5774 kN
OK

44
Determination of the compressive zone of the slab

Determination of the effective thickness of the slab
Determination of the critical height
hcr60' = 50mm
Determination of the thickness of the compressive

zone of the concrete :
T
2334,096
hu =
=
= 31,12 m m
b eff fc / M,fi,c 3000 25 / 1,0
beff
hu
heff
'
h 30
cr
heff = 84,8 cm
hcr
[mm]
Temperature
[C]
30
60
535
705
10
470
642
15
415
581
20
350
525
25
300
469
30
250
421
35
210
374
40
180
327
45
160
289
50
140
250

45
Determination of the moment resistance

F
hu
fc,20C / M,fi,c
hd
fay,2 / M,fi,a
fay,w / M,fi,a
fay,1 / M,fi,a
hc=heff
hcr
yF
T
Location of the force F :
yT
Mfi,Rd = T (y F y T ) = 692,4 kNm
y F h+ hc (hu / 2) = 52 cm
Verification :
Mfi,Ed
Mfi,Rd
571,6
= 0,83 < 1
692,4
The stability of the beam in fire situation is fulfilled for R60

46
Verification of the shear resistance
Vpl,fi,Rd = A v
Vpl,fi,Rd = 5090
292,5
3 1,0
fay,
3 M,fi,a
= 859,5 kN > Vfi,Ed =
pl
= 163,33 kN
2
OK

47
Alternative with reactive coating painted beam

TypicalIntumescentThicknessRange
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
R30
Thickness(mm) 4.00
R60
R90
R120
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0
50
100
150
200
A/V(m1)
250
300
350
400

48
ABC calculation (Alternative AF solution without fire protection)
IPE450
416

49
Composite columns
S2
1
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
6m
3m
3m
Bracing system
Bracing system
7m
Bracing system
14 m
S1
7m
S1
C
Bracing system
S2
S1 - S1
Verification of the composite column

50
Summary of data
Partially encased composite column
Height = 3,40 m
Profile :
HEA 260
h = 250 mm
b = 260 mm
ew = 7,5 mm
ef = 12,5 mm
ew
u2
ef
Aa = 8680 mm
fy = 460 N/mm
Concrete :
C30/37 ; fc = 30 N/mm
Ac = 53860 mm
Rebars :
4 28 ; As = 2463 mm
u1= 52mm ; u2= 60mm
fs = 500 N/mm
u1
b

51
PTOTAL = 6*Ptot
Load
l=3
q1
q2
P
l=3
50
IPE4 776kN/m
0,
4m
pp=
L=1
HE260A
pp=0,682kN/m
For one level :
q1
3.4 m
IPE4
5
pp=0 0
,776
kN/
q1 = 1,25 [(3,62+0,6*4,0)*3]+0,776 = 23,351 kN/m

q2 = 0,750 [(3,62+0,6*4,0)*3]+0,776 = 14,321 kN/m
Ptot = (23,351*14/2)+ (14,321*14/2)+2*6+0,776*6+2,14*3,4 = 287,636 kN
PTOTAL = 6 * 287,636 = 1726 kN

52
Inertia
Profile :
Iz = 3668 cm4
Iy = 10450 cm4
Rebars :
Is,z
d 4 d2
= 4
+
4
64
Is,y
Concrete :
2
2
= 1324,6 cm 4
2
d 4 d2 h

= 4
+
u1 = 1218,9 cm 4
4 2

64
h.b3
Ic,z =
Iz Is,z = 31730 cm 4
12
b . h3
Ic,y =
Iy Is,y = 22080 cm 4
12

53
Use of tabulated data (0,28 < fi,t < 0,47)

Allowed parameters
R60
Existing
parameters
Fulfilled conditions
?
ew / ef > 0,5
7,5 / 12,5 = 0,6
YES
h and b > 300 mm
h = 250 mm
b = 260 mm
NO
u1 and u2 > 50 mm
u1 = 52mm
u2 = 60mm
YES
As
> 4%
Ac + As
2463
= 4,4%
538,6 + 2463
YES
Method not applicable

54
Simplified method : Application field

Allowed parameters
R60
Existing
parameters
Fulfilled conditions ?
l 13,5b = 13,5 . 0,26 = 3,51m
lz = ly = 0,7 . 3,4 = 2,38 m
YES
230mm h 1100mm
h = 250 mm
YES
230mm b 500
b = 260 mm
YES
1% A s /( A c + A s ) 6%
24,63/(538,6+24,63)=4,4%
YES
max R120
R60
YES
Weak axis : lz = 2,38 < 10b = 2,6
YES
Strong axis : ly = 2,38 < 10b = 2,6
YES
l limited to 10b if 230 b < 300
Method applicable
lfi=0,7L

55
Resistance to axial compression according to weak axis

Flanges of the profile
Mean temperature
Standard fire
resistance
o,t [C]
kt [mC]
R 30
550
9,65
R 60
680
9,55
R 90
805
6,15
R 120
900
4,65
f ,t = 0,t + k t A m / V
A m 2(h + b)
=
=15,7m 1
V
h.b
= 680 + 9,55 15,7 = 830C
with
f ,t
Plastic resistance :
N fi,pl,Rd,f = 2 (b e f f ay,f k y, )/ M,fi,a
Nfi,pl,Rd,f = 2 (260 12,5 460 0,095)/1,0 = 284,3 kN
Effective stiffness :
(EI) fi,f,z = E a,f k E, (e f b 3 )/6
(EI) fi,f,z = 210000 0,083 (12,5 2 60 3 )/6 = 640,4 kN.m 2
ky, = 0,095
kE, =0,083
% of the nominal value
100
Effective
resistance ky,
80
60
40 Elastic
modulus kE,
20
0
300
600
900 1200
Temperature [C]

56
Web of the profile

Reduced height of web :
h w,fi = 0,5 (h 2 e f ) 1 1 0,16 (H t / h)
hw,fi
h w,fi = 0,5 (250 2 12,5) 1 1 0,16(770/2 50) = 32,4 mm

Standard fire resistance
Ht [mm]
R 30
350
R 60
770
R 90
1100
R 120
1250
hw,fi
Level of maximum stress : f ay,w,t = f ay,w 1 (0,16H t /h)

fay,w,t = 460 1 (0,16 770 /250) = 327,6 MPa
N fi,pl,Rd,w = e w (h 2e f 2h w,fi )f ay,w,t / M,fi,a
Nfi,pl,Rd,w = (7,5(250 2 12,5 2 32,4)327,6 )/1,0 = 393,7 kN

[
]
= (210000 (250 2 12,5 2 32,4 )7,5 )/12 = 1,18 kN.m
(EI) fi,w,z = E a,w (h 2e f 2h w,fi )e 3w /12

(EI) fi,w,z

57
Concrete
bc,fi
Reduced thickness of concrete : bc,fi

Standard fire
resistance
bc,fi [mm]
R30
4,0
R60
15,0
R90
0,5(Am/V)+22,5
R120
2,0(Am/V)+24,0
R30
R60
bc,fi
R90
R120
Am/V
[m-1]
c,t
[C]
Am/V
[m-1]
c,t
[C]
Am/V
[m-1]
c,t
[C]
Am/V
[m-1]
c,t
[C]
136
214
256
265
23
300
300
300
300
46
400
21
400
13
400
400
---
---
50
600
33
600
23
600
---
---
---
---
54
800
38
800
---
---
---
---
---
---
41
900
---
---
---
---
---
---
43
1000
Am/V = 15,7m-1 Average temperature in the concrete c,t = 356C

58
kc,
kc,=0,79
c,t = 356C
0.79 0.8
Secant modulus of concrete :

E c,sec, =
E c,sec, =
f c,
cu,
0.6
f c .k c,
0.4
cu,
0.2
30 0,79
= 2746,4 MPa
8,68 10 3
0
0
200
400
600
800
1200
1000
356
[C]
Nfi,pl,Rd,c = 0,86{(h 2e f 2b c,fi )(b e w 2b c,fi ) A s } fc, / M,fi,c
Nfi,pl,Rd,c = 0,86 {(250 2 12,5 2 15 )(260 7,5 2 15 ) 2463} 25 0,79/1,0 = 839 kN
[{
(
) } ]
= 2746,4[{(250 2 12,5 2 15 )((260 2 15 ) 7,5 )/12} 1324,6 10 ] = 509,5kN m
(EI) fi,c,z = E c,sec, (h 2e f 2b c,fi )(b 2b c,fi ) 3 e 3w /12 Is,z

(EI) fi,c,z

59
Reinforcing bars
u2
Reduction factor for yield strength : ky,t

u [mm]
Standard fire
resistance
40
45
50
55
60
R30
R60
0,789
0,883
0,9763
R90
0,314
0,434
0,572
0,696
0,822
R120
0,170
0,223
0,288
0,367
0,436
u1
Reduction factor for Young modulus : kE,t

u [mm]
Standard fire
resistance
40
45
50
55
60
R30
0,830
0,865
0,88
0,914
0,935
R60
0,604
0,647
0,689
0,729
0,763
R90
0,193
0,283
0,406
0,522
0,619
R120
0,110
0,128
0,173
0,233
0,285
u = u1 u 2 = 52 60 = 55,86 mm
Plastic resistance : Nfi,pl,Rd,s = A s k y,t fs,y / M,fi,s

Nfi,pl,Rd,s = 2463 1,0 500 / 1,0 = 1231,5 kN
Effective stiffness : (EI) fi,s,z = k E,t E s Is,z
(EI) fi,s,z = 0,735 210000 1218,9 10 4 = 1881,4 kN. m 2

60
Plastic resistance of the composite section

Nfi,pl,Rd = Nfi,pl,Rd,f + Nfi,pl,Rd,w + Nfi,pl,Rd,c + Nfi,pl,Rd,s
Nfi,pl,Rd = 284,3 + 393,7 + 839 + 1231,5 = 2748 kN
Effective stiffness of the composite section

(EI) fi,eff,z = f, (EI) fi,f,z + w, (EI) fi,w,z + c, (EI) fi,c,z + s, (EI) fi,s,z
Standard fire
resistance
f,
w,
c,
s,
R30
1,0
1,0
0,8
1,0
R60
0,9
1,0
0,8
0,9
R90
0,8
1,0
0,8
0,8
R120
1,0
1,0
0,8
1,0
(EI) fi,eff,z = 0,9 640,4 + 1,0 1,18 + 0,8 509,5 + 0,9 1881,4 = 2678,4 kN. m 2

Determination of the axial buckling load at elevated temperatures

Euler buckling load :
Nfi,cr,z =
2 (EI) fi,eff,z
l
2
z
with l z = 2,38 m
2 2678,4
Nfi,cr,z =
= 4667 kN
2,38 2
Slenderness ratio :
=
Nfi,pl,R
Nfi,cr,z
2748
= 0,767
4667
c c urve z = 0,683
Axial buckling resistance :
Nfi,Rd,z = z Nfi,pl,Rd
Nfi,Rd,z = 0,683 2748 = 1876 kN > Nfi,Rd = 1726kN
61

62
Resistance to axial compression according to strong axis

Same method as for weak axis, excepted of the inertia !
Plastic resistance of the composite section
Nfi,pl,Rd = Nfi,pl,Rd,f + Nfi,pl,Rd,w + Nfi,pl,Rd,c + Nfi,pl,Rd,s = 2748 kN
Effective stiffness of the composite section

(EI) fi,eff,y = f, (EI) fi,f,y + w, (EI) fi,w,y + c, (EI) fi,c,y + s, (EI) fi,s,y = 4097,1kN. m 2
Euler buckling load
Slenderness ratio
Axial buckling resistance
Nfi,cr,y =
=
2 (EI) fi,eff,y
Nfi,pl,R
Nfi,cr,y
2
y
= 7138,8 kN
= 0,62
Nfi,Rd,y = y .Nfi,pl,Rd = 2124,8 kN > Nfi,Rd = 1726kN

63
A3C calculation (Alternative solution : Fully encased HEB160)
Tabulated data
c
HEB160
c
412
Standard Fire Resistance
hc
us
bc
1.1
1.2
1.3
bc = 280
us
Minimum dimensions hc and bc [mm]

minimum concrete cover of steel section c [mm]
minimum axis distance of reinforcing bars us [mm]
R30
R60
R90
R120
R180
R240
150
40
20*
180
50
30
220
50
30
300
75
40
350
75
50
400
75
50
200
40
20*
250
40
20*
350
50
30
400
60
40
or
2.1
2.2
2.3
us = 42
hc = 280
c = 60
Minimum dimensions hc and bc [mm]

minimum concrete cover of steel section c [mm]
minimum axis distance of reinforcing bars us [mm]
Table 4.4: Minimum cross-sectional dimensions, minimum concrete cover of the steel section and minimum axis
distance of the reinforcing bars, of composite columns made of totally encased steel sections.

Example EC FireDesign WS

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Example EC FireDesign WS

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1

Fire resistance assessment of Composite structures

The Building (R+5)

Structure grid of the composite building

Composite slab, composite beams, composite columns

Structure grid of the composite building

Actions (for all floor levels)

Characteristic values of variable loads and factors

Live load on floors

Structure grid of the composite building

Columns for ground level

Structure grid of the composite building

Composite slab, composite beams, composite columns

Structure grid of the composite building

Composite slab continuous on 3 supports

Verification of the composite slab

Slab thickness = 12cm

Required fire resistance : R60

Verification of the composite slab

gt,k = 0,085 kN/m

gb,k = 2,03 kN/m

gc,k = 1,5 kN/m

Verification of the composite slab

Existing geometric parameters

Verification of the composite slab

Fire resistance according to thermal insulation

ti = ( 28,8) + 1,55 h1' + ( 12,6) + 0,33

For Normal Weight Concrete

Verification of the composite slab

Fire resistance according to thermal insulation

ti = ( 28,8) + 1,55 62 + ( 12,6) + 0,33

(h3 = thickness of the screed)

Verification of the composite slab

Fire resistance according to thermal insulation

ti = ( 28,8) + 1,55 62 + ( 12,6) + 0,33 25,6 + ( 735 )

Rib geometry factor

Verification of the composite slab

Fire resistance according to thermal insulation

ti = ( 28,8) + 1,55 62 + ( 12,6) 0,727 + 0,33 25,6 + ( 735 )

Verification of the composite slab

Simplified method (EN1994-1-2/Annex D/D.4)

Verification of the composite slab

Temperature evolution in the section as a function of the time

Verification of the composite slab

Temperature distribution in the steel decking : a = b0 + b1

Verification of the composite slab

Temperature of the reinforcing bar in the rib :

Verification of the composite slab

Rebar in the rib

Verification of the composite slab

Positive moment of the composite slab

Equilibrium of the horizontal forces

1,274 + 4,221 + 5,813 + 9,22

Determination of the positive moment resistance of the composite slab :

Reinforcing bar in the rib

for a rib width of 207mm,

Than, for a slab width equal to 1m,

Verification of the composite slab

Calculation of the hogging moment resistance Mfi,t,Rd

The hogging moment resistance of the slab is

(Ns = 26,6 kN is the normal force in the upper reinforcing bar )

lim = 867 1,9 10 4 26600 8,75 25,6 123 0,727 1378

Verification of the composite slab

Determination of the points of the isotherm :