1.

The notion of suicide

Suicide - a deliberate self-harm deaths. It is one of the most

extreme forms of deviant behavior.
Suicide is a complex form of behavior, which is influenced by
psychological, social, biological, geospatial, ideological,
philosophical and other factors.
Suicide does not believe all human actions, which result in death.
Swing man on his own life qualify as a suicide, provided that he is
aware of his actions and manages them. In all other cases, the
implementation of the human activities that cause harm to his
mental and physical health, under the influence of
psychopathological disorders, in a state of psychosis should be
classified as avtoagressivnoe conduct accident.

2. Types of suicides

1.

Unconscious suicide - may be caused by unconscious needs,

which form the basis of unconscious sphere of the human
psyche;

2.

Psychopathological neurotic and affective suicide - is carried

out by mentally ill people (maniacal suicide, suicide
melancholy suicide under the influence of obsessions,
automatic or impulsive suicide);

3. Risky gamble and security - risk behavior apathetic, careless

and thoughtless individuals relative to its psychological

essence;
4.

Suicide mentally healthy person - is implemented as an option

it's death to achieve the goal with adequate consciousness and
affective and neurotic excitation, which reaches pathological

levels (demonstration of his distress, suicide with a pronounced

ambivalent attitude toward death and the hope of a chance or
destiny in the last step, the presence of the intention to kill
himself).

In the structure of suicidal behavior allocate internal (psychic) and

external (effective) form.
Domestic forms of suicidal behaviors include suicidal thoughts,
ideas, emotional distress, plans, intentions.
Suicidal thoughts - thoughts of the subject of the lack of values and
the meaning of life, the rationale for his death, thinking of ways of
means of suicide. Suicidal thoughts associated with the real
imaginary suicide.
Suicidal ideas - mental operations, which formed suicidal intent,
select a method, determined the means, the time of the suicide.
Suicidal intent formed from ideas and volitional decisions that
directly calls for action.
Suicidal intent - motivational phenomenon that links psychological
and effective components of the act.
All these phenomena arise, unfold in the inner sphere of the
individual, and therefore are difficult to identify without the use of
special techniques.
External form of suicide - suicide attempts and completed suicides.
Suicide attempts - purposeful handling of suicide, which is due to
certain reasons are not ends in death.

3. Stages of suicidal activity

Experts regard suicide as a specific activity of a process consisting

of several stages, the passage of which is subject to the internal

logic of the state.
1. The unfolding scenario suicidal precede the general
undifferentiated antivitalnye experience. The basis of these
experiences - reduction of the subjective value of life itself. This
is fixed in such, for example, statements of subscribers: "I do
not live and exist ..." "Life is meaningless ..." etc.
2. Stage passive suicidal thoughts characterized by the
presence of reasoning, perceptions and fantasies already own
death. It is significant that in the process of verbalization data
representations not focus on specific substantive aspects of
their implementation. These views differ abstract and
generalized styling statement, "Now, if I died, then ..." "It would
be nice to sleep and did not wake up ..."
3. Stage of suicidal intent is characterized by an increase in
suicidal activity: earlier rather generalized and vague thoughts
acquire specific content. In this case, the user can discuss the
various forms of suicide, "trying on" them for yourself. The plan
already exists in the mind, but in real life the subscriber has
not taken any preparatory actions for its implementation.
4. Stage of suicidal intent is characterized by the creation of a
specific detailed plan for committing suicide. In this case,
people are trying to develop for themselves a clear idea of
how, where and at what time will happen suicidal act.

5.

Common features of suicide

In spite of the variety of forms and methods of implementation of

suicidal behavior, you can select something that unites all
suicides. E. Schneidman describes their similarities.
1. The overall objective of suicide is to find solutions. Suicide is
not a random
act. It will never take pointless or aimless. It

serves as a way out of difficulties, crisis or intolerable situation.

He is characterized by infallible logic and expediency. It is taken
as the only available answer to a difficult problem: how to choose
what to do? Thus, every suicide is intended to find a solution
facing the man and causing intense suffering problems. To
understand the causes of suicide, you need to find out what
problems it was supposed to solve.
2. The overall objective of suicide is cessation of consciousness.
Suicide, paradoxically, is a simultaneous movement to something
and from something. The main practical problem of suicide - it is
something that is a movement, a complete cessation of the flow
of his consciousness, unbearable pain as a solution to the painful
and urgent problems in life. Desperate man comes up with the
idea of the possibility of termination of consciousness as a
response, or out of the situation in the presence of his mental
agitation, increased levels of anxiety and high lethal potential of
constituting the three necessary parts of suicides. After that,
there is a spark initiating and active suicidal scenario begins to
take place.
3. The common stimulus when suicide is unbearable mental
pain. If the cessation of the consciousness - is something that
moves suicidal person, the mental anguish - it is something from
which he seeks to escape. Thus, suicide is best understood as a
combination of movement towards an end to the stream of
consciousness and escaping from mental pain and unbearable
suffering. In clinical suicidology have a rule: Reduce, sometimes
very slightly, the degree of suffering, and people will choose life.
4. The common stressor when suicide is frustrated psychological
needs. Suicide should be understood not as a senseless and
unjustified act, but as a response to frustrated psychological
needs of man. First of all, committed suicide because of the
unfulfilled or unmet needs. Satisfy the needs of frustrated - and
suicide will not arise.
5. The general inner attitude to suicide is ambivalence. For
suicide typical condition where a person at the same time trying
to cut my throat and asking for help. Thus both aspirations are

sincere, unfeigned. Ambivalence is most common in relation to

suicide. The man at the same time feel the need to commit to it
and wants (and even plans) rescue and intervention of others.
The psychologist should use such ambivalence to save to turn.

6. Conclusion

Relationship between freedom and moral suicide conditioning type

that fits individuals. In a traditional Christian moral freedom is
limited and condemned suicide. In other moral freedom is taken to
the extreme sometimes be confused with suicide.
Another idea that emerges is that suicide is indeed a moral issue.
Whether it is accepted or not will always be subject suicide ethics.
Be it conventional or moral feeling natural can not be pulled out
problem. Even if it has a feeling for or against suicide it will target
its moral problem . If accepted meaning existentialist suicide when
she gets a moral value; if convicted for condemning suicide is
immoral but also in moral judgments after a decision was taken.
Finally I conclude by saying that freedom Suicide report is a purely
individual meaning only one who commits it. Moving beyond the
moral one who commits suicide ultimately execute their freedom.
The problem unfortunately remains morality of his act being judged
by others.

-G.Minois, "Histoire du suicide-La societe Western forms of the dead

volontaire" Arthema Librairie Fayard, 1995 pt. Romanian version
"History of Western society in the face of suicide-voluntary death",
Ed. Humanitas, Bucharest, 2002

- Paul Ludwig Landsberg, "The problem of moral suicide", Ed.

Humanitas in the collection of "great books universal thinking
small", Bucuresti, 1992.

- Emil Cioran, "Precis of decomposition", Gallimard, 1949, pt.

Romanian version "Treaty of decomposition", Ed. Humanitas,
Bucharest, 1992

- E. Cioran, "On the Heights of Despair", Ed. Humanitas, Bucharest,

1990