International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 790-791 February 2014

www.ijsret.org

ISSN 2278 0882

Estimation of Effective and Group Indices for ITU-T G.655

Priya.R and Mahendran.C
Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering and Technology Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we have newly designed a refractive index
profile for ITU-T G.655. The propagation of optical
signal through an optical fiber greatly depends on the
modal index and group index parameters. By calculating
the values of effective and group indices, we have
demonstrated that our proposed fiber is more reliable
and flexible for fiber optical system efficient operation.

ITU-T G.655 fibers have lot of merits. By designing the

Refractive Index Profile (RIP) of an optical fiber, the
various fiber optical output characteristics can be
controlled [7]. The effective index and group index of
the optical fiber determines how efficiently the light
information is transmitted in a fiber optical
communication systems [2] & [4].
2. SKETCH

Keywords - Effective index, Group index, Modal index,

Refractive index, ITU-T G.655

1. INTRODUCTION
Multiplexing Techniques increases the capacity of the
optical fiber by initially assigning incoming optical
signals to specific wavelength within a designated
frequency band and after that resulting signals are
combined onto single fiber. [1].
Executing the optical communication systems at higher
data rates and higher transmission powers is a difficult
task due to dispersion and nonlinear effects. Four Wave
Mixing [2] & [3], Cross Phase Modulation and Self
Phase Modulation are the different types of nonlinear
effects observed in an optical fiber communication.
Optical fiber dispersion enhances the broadening of
individual optical pulses during the signal propagation.
Optical pulse spreads extensively outside their allocated
bit slot and consequently the transmitted signal gets
degraded scrupulously. Finally, it becomes very tough to
recover the original signal with high accuracy [4].
In addition, dispersion restricts the bandwidth of an
optical fiber. The dispersion can be tolerated when the
bit-rates are managed to be lower which will make the
pulses to be kept farther apart [5]. The International
Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) has standardized
various fiber types like ITU-T G.651, ITU-T G.652,
ITU-T G.653, ITU-T G.654, and ITU-T G.655.Lot of
comparison works have been performed among ITU-T
G.652, 653 and 655 fibers [6].

OF THE RIP OF OUR

PROPOSED ITU-T G.655

We have premeditated a fiber consisting of a central core

and two cladding regions. The refractive index profile of
our proposed fiber is shown in Fig. 1

Fig. 1 Sketch of the RIP of our proposed ITU-T G.655

Our proposed fiber has graded index core with two
cladding regions in order to control the optical
confinement. For a single-mode fiber of length L, a
specific spectral component at the frequency would
arrive at the output end of the fiber after a time delay
T.
The time delay T is given by,
T = L / vg.
(1)
where vg is called the group velocity. Group velocity is
given by,
vg = c / n g
(2)
Here ng is known as group index and it is determined by
the formula,
ng = n + (dn / d)
(3)

IJSRET @ 2014

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 790-791 February 2014

The frequency dependence of the group velocity leads to

pulse broadening due to the different spectral
components of the pulse disperse during propagation and
do not arrive simultaneously at the output of the fiber
[4]. The effective refractive index depends not only on
the wavelength but also depends on the mode in which
the light propagates. Hence, it is known as modal index.
By describing the core and cladding refractive indices,
we can determine the group index and modal index value
of our proposed fiber.

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ISSN 2278 0882

TABLE: Estimation of Effective and Group Indices.

efractive Index Profile
Modal
Group
Index
Index

1.44476

1.4667

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

By simulation, we have observed the variations of
effective and group indices with respect to wavelength.
By varying the refractive index profile, we can
determine the corresponding changes which occur in
modal index and group index characteristics. The
estimated modal index and group index values are
1.44476 and 1.4667 respectively.
Fig. 2 represents the characteristis of modal index and
group index with respect to wavelength.

4. CONCLUSION
Thus, we have newly designed a refractive index profile
for ITU-T G.655 fiber. The estimated results for Modal
Index and Group index parameters are 1.44476 and
1.4667 respectively. The resulted plot of Effective and
Group Indices show that our proposed ITU-T G.655
refractive index profile is more suitable for fiber optical
transmission.

REFERENCES

Fig. 2 Variations of Effective and Group Indices

with respect to Wavelength for our proposed
ITU-T G.655

[1] Siddharth Bhatt, ShilenJhaveri, A Review of Dense

Wavelength Division Multiplexing and Next Generation
Optical Internet, International Journal of Engineering
Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), Volume 2,
Issue 2, 2013
[2] Govind P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Third
Edition pp 44, 451, 2001.
[3] S. Selvendran, A. Sivanantharaja, K. Kalaiselvi, K.
Esakkimuthu Simultaneous four channel wavelength
conversion of 50Gbps CSRZDPSK signals in S and C
bands using HNLF without additional pump signals
Optical and Quantum Electronics, Volume 45, Issue 2,
pp 135-146 , 2012.
[4]Govind P. Agrawal,Fiber-Optic Communications
System, Third Edition, Wiley pp 17, 35-36, 39, 44,
2002.
[5] N.RaviTeja, M.AneeshBabu, T.R.S.Prasad, T.Ravi,
Different types of dispersions in an optical fiber,
International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, Volume 2, Issue 12, 2012.
[6] Shradha Gupta, N.K.Shukla and Shikha Jaiswal,
Comparing ITU-T G.652, 653 and 655 fibers for RZ
modulation, International Journal of Computer
Technology and Applications, Volume 2 (1), 94-102
[7] Anton V. Bourdine, Design of Refractive Index
Profile for Multimode Optical Fibers with Low
Differential Mode Delay, Journal of Optoelectronics
Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, 5-13, 2013

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