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Atmospheric Pressure
Gauge Pressure
Vacuum Pressure
Delta P Shutoff
Specific Gravity
VALVES TERMINOLOGY
Specific Weight
The weight, due to the gravitational pull of the earth, of a substance per
unit volume. Usually expressed in pounds-force per cubic foot (lbf/ft 3). Only
at locations where the local acceleration of gravity is equal to the standard
acceleration of gravity (gc = 32.1740 ft/sec 2) does the numerical value of
the specific weight equal that of the numerical value of density.
Viscosity
The internal resistance of a fluid to flow. Water has low viscosity, while
syrup has high viscosity. Viscosity is highly temperature dependent.
There are two ways to measure the viscosity of a fluid. One is density
independent, known as the "absolute viscosity" usually expressed in
centipoise. The second is density dependent, known as the "kinematic
viscosity" usually expressed in centistokes.
Valve Sizing
Cavitation
Sonic Diameter
The diameter at which the process fluid will reach sonic velocity at flowing
conditions.
VALVES TERMINOLOGY
Vena Contracta
Flashing
Dead Band
Rated Travel
The amount of movement of the valve closure member from the closed
position to the rated full open position.
Travel
Throttling
The act of regulating fluid flow through a valve by restricting its orifice or
opening.
VALVES TERMINOLOGY
Ball Valve
A valve that modifies flow rates through rotation of the closure member,
which is either a sphere with an internal passage or a segment of a sphere,
notched or contoured to obtain various flow characteristics.
o
Butterfly Valve
A valve that controls fluid flow through rotary motion of its closure member,
which is either a disc or a vane pivotally supported by a shaft.
o
Globe Valve
A valve with a linear motion closure member, one or more ports, and a body
distinguished by a globular shaped cavity around the port region.
o
Typical Masoneilan globe valves: 21000 series heavy post guided and
41000 series cage guided
Rotary Valve
A valve with a closure member that moves with a rotary motion to modify
the rate of flow through the valve.
o
Three-Way Valve
A valve which allows for the combination of two separate flow streams into
one or the diversion of one flow stream into two. A three-way valve will
never stop fluid flow; it will only divert or combine.
Body
The part of a valve that is the main pressure boundary, providing pipe
connecting ends, the fluid flow passageway, and in some cases, the part
that supports the seating surfaces and closure member.
VALVES TERMINOLOGY
Bonnet
Accessory
Valve
A valve is a device used for the control of fluid flow. It consists of a fluid
containing assembly (body and bonnet), one or more ports (seat(s))
between end openings (inlet and outlet), and a moveable flow-controlling
element (closure member) which opens, restricts, or closes the port(s).
Control Valve
A power operated device that modifies the fluid flow rate in a process
control system. It consists of a valve connected to an actuator mechanism
that is capable of changing the position of a flow-controlling element within
the valve in response to a signal from the controlling system.
Cage
Plug
VALVES TERMINOLOGY
Seat Ring
A trim part assembled in the valve body that may provide part or all of the
flow control orifice and the contact surface for the closure member.
Closure Member
Bushing
Also called guide bushing, a fixed member which guides the closure
member, valve stem, and/or actuator stem. The bushing supports the nonaxial loads and is subject to relative motion of parts.
Bottom Flange
A part that closes the valve body opening opposite the bonnet opening as in
a double seated globe valve. This flange may be used to retain an additional
guide bushing
Lantern Ring
A rigid spacer assembled within the packing box with the packing normally
above and below the ring. It is designed to allow lubrication of the packing
or to provide a leak-off connection.
Balanced Trim
VALVES TERMINOLOGY
Equal Percentage
Linear Characteristic
Cam Characterized
Characteristic
The relationship between flow coefficient (Cv) or valve flow output and valve
travel or valve physical input. Linear, equal percentage, modified
percentage, and quick opening are the most common control valve
characteristics.
The relationship between the flow rate through a valve and the travel of the
closure member as the closure member is moved from the closed position
to the rated travel with a constant pressure drop across the valve.
Inherent Rangeability
The ratio of the largest controllable flow Cv to the smallest controllable flow
Cv within which the deviation from the specified inherent flow characteristic
does not exceed the stated limits.
Cam Characterized
VALVES TERMINOLOGY
The use of a mechanical or electronic adjustment to modify the inherent
relationship of signal to stem travel.