CHAPTER 1

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
To minimize both deflections and stresses, the shaft length should be kept as
short as possible and
overhangs minimized.
A cantilever beam will have a larger deflection than a simply supported
(straddle mounted) one for the
same length, load, and cross section, so straddle mounting should be used
unless a cantilever shaft is
dictated by design constraints. (Figure 9-2 shows a situation in which an
overhung section is required
for serviceability.)
A hollow shaft has a better stiffness/mass ratio (specific stiffness) and higher
natural frequencies than
a comparably stiff or strong solid shaft, but will be more expensive and
larger in diameter.
Try to locate stress-raisers away from regions of large bending moment if
possible and minimize their
effects with generous radii and relief.
General low carbon steel is just as good as higher strength steels (since
deflection is typical the design
limiting issue).
Deflections at gears carried on the shaft should not exceed about 0.005
inches and the relative slope
between the gears axes should be less than about 0.03 degrees.
1.2 SHAFT MATERIALS
Steel (low to medium-carbon steel)
Cast iron
1

 Bronze or stainless steel

Case hardened steel

CHAPTER 2
2 AIM
To Design the Solid Shaft
2.1 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
A horizontal shaft is supported on edge and transmit power 2kw at 1440rpm. The
critical section of the shaft which is at the center is subjected to a vertical load of
500N. Horizontal load of 400N and an axial load of the shaft for an allowable
shear stress of 50MPa and resultant bending moment is 192N-m.

Given Data
Shaft power, P = 2103w
Shaft speed, N = 1440rpm
Vertical load, VP = 500N
Horizontal load, HP = 400N
Axial load, AP = 200N
Shear stress, = 50MPa = 50N/mm2
Resultant bending moment (Mb)R =192N-m = 192103N-mm

To Find
Dimensions of the shaft

Solution
Power, P =2N(Mt)mean/60
(Mt)mean =P60/2n
3

=2103 60/21440
= 13.26N-m
=13.26103 N-mm
Resultant bending moment,
(Mb)R =()2 + ()2
2

192 = ( ) + ( )
4
4
<PSGDB.PNO.6.5>

Consider simply supported beam in above equation,

192 =(VPL/4)+(HPL/4)
L = (1924)/(500+400)
L = 0.853m
L = 853mmKb
Solid shaft is subjected to bending, twisting and axial load,

d3 = (16/)( + )2 + ( )2
8

<PSGDBPNo.7.21>
Stationary shaft type for, gradually applied load so,
Kb = Kt = 1
Where,
Kb = Combined shock and fatigue factor applied to Mb
Kt = Combined shock and fatigue factor applied to Mt
= Column action factor, so, = 1 for tensile load

for,

d3 = (16/)( + )2 + ()2
8

d3 = (16/50)(192 1000 + 200 )2 + (13.26 1000)2

8

d3 = 19200+2.5d+1326
d3-2.5d-20526 = 0
d = 27mm

CHAPTER 3
3 AUTO CAD COMMANDS
Command: limits
Reset Model space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>:
Specify upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000>: 1000,1000
Command: z
ZOOM
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>: a
Regenerating model.
Command: l
LINE Specify first point: 1000,1000
Specify next point or [Undo]: 1000,1027
Specify next point or [Undo]: 1853,1027
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 1853,1000
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Command: '_pan
Press ESC or ENTER to exit, or right-click to display shortcut menu.
Command:
Command:
Command: _line Specify first point: 1000,1000
Specify next point or [Undo]: 1050,1027
6

Specify next point or [Undo]: 1050,1000

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 1000,1027
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Command: l
LINE Specify first point: 1853,1000
Specify next point or [Undo]: 1803,1027
Specify next point or [Undo]: 1803,1000
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 1853,1027
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Command:
Command:
Command: _qsave

CHAPTER 4
4 AUTOLISP PROGRAM
(defun c: ()
(Setq a(getreal "enter the axialload:")
s(getreal "enter the shearstress:")
mb(getreal "enter the bendingmoment:")
n(getreal "enter the speed:")
v(getreal "enter the verticalload:")
h(getreal "enter the hrizontalload:")
)
(setq
x ((/ 16 (/pi s) (+ mb (/ a 8) (* p 60) (* 2 pi n))
d (expt (1/3) x)
l (192 (+ (/v 4) (/ h 4)))
)

CHAPTER 5

5 RESULT