Physical Science

Pressure
1

Forces in Fluid Worksheet I

Name _____________________________ Sect ______

Define

Formula

Units

Fluid Pressure
a Define fluid
b

How does a fluid exert a pressure

Air pressure
1 Define
2

How measured

What is/are Standard Pressure(s)

Balanced Forces
a Define

How do they affect us

How do they protect us

Variation in Fluid Pressure

a Define
b

air pressure and elevation

fluid pressure and depth

Transmitting pressure in a fluid

1 Pascals Principle
a Define
b

Examples

How are forces multiplied (see figure 9)

How is the Heart an example of a force pump

How does a Medicine dropper use fluid pressure

Physical Science

Forces in Fluid Worksheet II Name ____________________________ Sect ______

Hydraulic systems
a Define
b

What will they do

How do they do it

Examples

Natural applications

Buoyancy
1 Define
2

Give examples

Archimedes principle
a State the principle
b

When will objects float

When will objects sink

Density

Does buoyancy relate to something other than density also.

Boyles Law Pressure and volume are in an indirect relationship. If pressure increases, volume decreases.
P1 * V1 = P2 * V2

(make sure all pressure units and volume units are the same)

Physical Science Forces in Fluids Worksheet III Name __________________________________ Sect ___
(MUST SHOW ALL MATH WORK)
Calculate the pressure if: (find the answer in N/cm2)
i 200 N pushes on a 10 cm x 10 cm surface: _____________________________
ii 200 N pushes on a 10 cm x 1.0 cm surface: _____________________________
iii 200 N pushes on a 1.0 cm x 1.0 cm surface: _____________________________
iv 1000N pushes on a 10 cm x 1 cm surface: _______________________________
If the pressure of the atmosphere is applying a pressure of 1 ATM. on the front of your hand, what is pressing on
the back of your hand?

A can crushes when attached to a vacuum pump because the air is removed from inside the can by the pump.
This causes the outside air pressure to overcome the interior pressure and air outside tries to move inside.
The same can would crush if 1 inch of boiling water is in the can, heat is removed and an airtight plug is applied
to the can. Why?
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Why do municipal water suppliers store water in tall water tanks? Be specific!
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Where is there more pressure; at the top of the dam or at the bottom of the dam? WHY?
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If a 20 N force is applied to a 4cm2 piston answer the following if attached to the same fluid:
a The force applied to a 16 cm2
piston:______________________________________________________
b The force applied to a 200 cm2 piston:
____________________________________________________
c The area that would supply a 200 N force:

If metal sinks, how can we build boats that float in water out of metal?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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If a 1200 cm3 block that weighs 1400g in air is placed in water, how much will it seem to weigh while under
water? Density of water is 1 g/cm3.

Physical Science Forces in Fluids Worksheet IV Name _______________________________ Sect_____

(MUST SHOW ALL MATH)
Why does an Iceberg float with only a small portion above the surface of the water? Density of ice= .92g/cm3

Describe how a Density Column can be built. (see page 363 in your text)

Find the density of a block that is 20cm x 15cm x 10cm and has a mass of 4500 grams.

If a boat builder wants a ship to ride high in the water, describe the best shape of the boat.

What are the special characteristics that allow a submarine to go from positive to negative buoyancy?

Find the volume of a balloon if a 230 ml balloon is at 5 ATM. if the pressure changes to 1150mmHg.

In the diagram below, if the car is applying a downward force of 1million N on a piston that has an area of
200000cm2, find the force needed on the other piston which has an area of 250 cm2.

What are the equivalent values to 1 Standard Atmosphere of pressure?

__________mmHg
__________kPa
___________Lbs/in 2
__________ Torr
What are the equivalent values to 2.75 Standard Atmospheres of pressure?
__________mmHg
__________kPa
___________Lbs/in 2
__________ Torr

Physical Science Forces in Fluids Worksheet V Name _______________________________ Sect_____

(MUST SHOW ALL MATH)
1 Fill in the blanks
a 475 mmHg = ____________ATM
b 2.5 ATM = ____________kPa
c 850 Torr = ____________mmHg
d 90 lb/in2 = ____________ATM
e 250 kPa = ____________ mmHg
2

If a balloon is in a 3 ATM pressurized container and has a volume of 1250 ml, what will the volume be if
the balloon is released into the room with a barometric pressure of 745 mmHg?

If an iceberg has a mass of 30,000,000 grams, what mass of ice will be above water? (Dice = .92g/ml)

A hydraulic auto lift is operated by movement of a small piston with 2.5 cm2 area. If a 20 N force is
applied to the small cylinder, find the force that can be applied on the larger 300 cm2 piston attached to
the lift.

If a 2.5 liter jug is filled with water, how many grams of water will be used?

If a plastic container is filled with water, how many grams of water will be needed? The dimensions of
the container are 30cm x 40cm x 10cm.

Find the volume of a balloon if a 230 ml balloon is at 5 ATM. if the pressure changes to 1150mmHg.

What is the pressure applied to the top of the table if a 2500 N force is supported on a pedestal with a
footprint of 5 cm x 12 cm? Be sure to include units in your answer.

What must the density of a Cartesian Diver be if upon applying force to a plastic bottle, the Diver
begins to move downward in the bottle?

10 If two liquids are A on top of B in a Density Column, what TWO things do we know about them?
a _______________________________________________________________________________
b _______________________________________________________________________________
11 Why does a Blimp fly?
______________________________________________________________

Forces in Fluids Lab

Names __________________________________________ Sect ___

Stations: Students will work in groups of 3 and collect data at each station. One Write-up/group will be turned in with all names.
1

Station 1: Boyles Law Apparatus: Pressure changing volume of trapped gas

a With 0 mass on the top, push down on the plunger and let it rise up. Record the volume of the gas.
b Place 1 large brass weight on top of the device. Be careful to balance the weight on the apparatus so that they do not tip
over. That can break the device. Push the plunger down with a few fingers and let it rise up. Record the mass &
volume.
c Repeat step b two more times. Record the mass and volume each time.
Total Mass

Volume (ml)

0 grams
500 grams
1000 grams
1500 grams
The mass of the brass weights provides a force on the gas in the tube which will cause Pressure from the brass weights.
Draw a graph of Volume (ml) vs. Pressure (Mass in grams). X axis is the Independent variable while Y is the Dependent.
Dont forget to Title the graph and Label both axis and properly place independent and dependent variables.

Station 2: Pressure and Depth of fluid

a Fill the milk jug with holes on the side while inside the sink.
b Observe the distance (horizontally away from the jug) that water travels out of each hole.
c Record what you see paying attention to distance the water shoots from the jug from each hole.
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d What causes the water to shoot out different distances in your observations (Page 351)?
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Station 3: Pressure and unbalanced forces (Caution: Hot Plate and boiling water can injure you. Use Hot Gloves to
handle the boiling water containers.)
a
Fill empty water bottle 1/5 with very hot water and cap tightly. Shake the bottle. Notice the firmness of the bottle.
RECORD any changes that you notice after shaking the bottle with Hot water.
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b Hold the bottle under running water, observe and RECORD what happens to the bottle.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
c Explain why these changes take place? (Read Page 350 first)________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Station 4: Buoyancy
a Stopper a sink and fill with water. Take a Medicine Vile and steel washers and fill in the following chart.
Number of metal washers inside
% of vile below water line (estimate)
Is vial floating or sinking
0 washers
6 washers
12 washers
18 washers
24 washers
30 washers
b What is happening to the vile to cause it to sink deeper in the water as additional metal washers are added? Read the
Buoyancy section starting on page 359 before answering ___________________________________________________
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Station 5: Cartesian Diver Control DO NOT OPEN THE CAP. DO NOT SHAKE OR INVERT THE BOTTLE!
a A 2L bottle has been filled with water. A small test tube partially filled with water was inverted and inserted and the
bottle was sealed tightly.
b Squeeze the bottle to control the test tube Diver as it sinks and rises.
c Closely observe and RECORD what the water level in the Diver is doing as you squeeze and release the bottle.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
d Explain, IN DETAIL, HOW each of these points affect the Diver going up and down as you squeeze the bottle?
Because the water level changed, what property of the Diver changes_________________________________________
Why does a change in this property cause the diver to rise and fall ___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Station 6: Boat Drafts

a Place the 10 BBs into a the test tube. Float it in the water. What is the depth of tube below water ______________mm
b Place the 10 BBs into a watch glass. Float it in water. What is the depth of glass below water _________________mm
c What can be deduced from the difference in the sinking data using the term buoyancy(Page 359)?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Station 7: Pressure and surface area Pressure = Force/area (Do steps a and b at station, calculations can be done
later)
a Measure in cm the dimensions of the wooden block. L ___________cm W ___________cm H ___________cm
b Measure the mass of the block which we are going to use as our force pushing downward ___________________g
c What are the appropriate units for pressure in this problem? _____________________________________________
d Calculate the area of the largest surface on the block. _______________________________________________cm2
e Calculate the area of the medium surface on the block. ______________________________________________cm2
f Calculate the area of the smallest surface on the block. ______________________________________________cm2
g Calculate the pressure the block is applying to the table top when on the large surface _____________________g/cm 2
h Calculate the pressure the block is applying to the table top when on the medium surface __________________g/cm 2
i
Calculate the pressure the block is applying to the table top when on the small surface _____________________g/cm 2
j
Which of the above is the highest pressure and why? _____________________________________________________