STEEL DESIGN

BENDING MEMBERS

SFS

Bending Members Evaluation of Resistance

Approach for Doubly Symmetric Shapes
1. Identify Geometry
a. Select shape from shape tables / CISC sections
b. Define rolled or welded shape
c. Select if web stiffeners should be used
d. Select regular distance between web stiffeners
e. Find from structural scheme
i. if lateral unsupported or supported
ii. overall length
iii. laterally unsupported length
iv. boundary condition at ends (pinned or fixed/part of frame)
f. Define application of loading relative to shear centre (on top of flange or below SC)
g. Define if vertical loads will result in linear or curved in bending moment distribution
(BMD) about X-axis
i. If distributed loads resulting in curved moment distribution
1. Find specified live load from structural analysis
2. Find dead load (either weight of beam or weight of beam and floor)
3. Compute separately moments at quarter and mid points, and maximum
4. Compute separately maximum shear
ii. If concentrated moments resulting in linear moment distribution
1. Find maximum moment
2. Find minimum moment
3. Find maximum shear
h. Define horizontal bending moments about Y-axis
2. Choose material strength
3. Find section properties in shape tables or import from electronic table into computation
programme
4. Loading and boundary effects on resistance computation
a. Compute equivalent moment factor to account for effect on resistance due to loads
i. Use interaction formula to compute equivalent moment factor according
$13.6(a)(ii) for
1. Curved BMD (w2= 4*Mmax/sqrt(Mmax^2+4*Ma^2+7*Mb^2+4*Mc^2)
2. Or linear BMC (w2= 1.75+1.05*kp+0.3*kp^2)
ii. Adjust resulting w2 factor for location of load application (top of flange w2 = 1 or
below SC w2 = as computed)
b. If loads are applied on top of the beam, the effective length must be adjusted for
influence of end conditions (pin = Lu*1.2, other = Lu*1.4)
5. Check compression flange for local buckling according to Table 1
6. Find class of shape by checking
a. Flange requirements according to Table 2
b. Web requirements according to Table 2
7. Compute shear resistance depending on web slenderness in Y-direction ($13.4.1.1) for
a. Unstiffened web or
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STEEL DESIGN

BENDING MEMBERS

SFS

b. Stiffened web
8. Compute bending resistance about X-axis for
a. Laterally supported beam
i. Class 1 and 2 = *Mp,
ii. Class 3 = *My
b. Laterally unsupported beam
i. Class 1 and 2
1. = *Mp as limit for 2.
2. = 1.15**Mp*(1-(0.28*Mp/Mu)) when Mu > 0.67 Mp
3. = *Mu when Mu <= 0.67 Mp
ii. Class 3
1. = *My as limit for 2.
2. = 1.15**My*(1-(0.28*My/Mu)) when Mu > 0.67 My
3. = *Mu when Mu <= 0.67 My
9. If horizontal loads exist, compute bending resistance about Y-axis for
a. Class 1 and 2 = *Zy*Fy/1000^2
b. Class 3
= *Sy*Fy/1000^2
c. check linear interaction formulation (Mfm/Mrx+Mfmay/Mry <= 1.0)
10. Compute deflections using specified live loads, compare with permitted values from Table 1
Appendix D
11. Check if all factored resistances match factored loads
12. Web crippling check:
a. slenderness $14.3.1
b. bearing resistance for interior supports, yielding $14.3.2(a)(i) and buckling $14.3.2(a)(ii)
c. bearing resistance for end supports, yielding $14.3.2(b)(i) and buckling $14.3.2(b)(ii)
13. Plastic Design come to the fourth year steel design class

Alternate Method
1. Use of Beam Selection Tables is shown in the Handbook of Steel Construction 10th Ed.
according to the instructions as given on page 5-80 ff.
2. Beam selection in case of the (less frequent) choice of a rectangular HSS shape is described on
page 5-84.
3. Two examples are given on page 5-84 and 5-85, for which the spreadsheet solutions are posted
on the website: http://www.sigi.ca/engineering/steel_design.html.

Remember: Record Keeping

In addition to a clear presentation of all necessary analyses sections and design choices, a proper
engineering record should contain the following:
Date of design
Name and version of design standard used
Listing of individual clauses, tables, commentary besides each analysis section
Author / engineer signature / initials

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