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David Chow
Oct 2014
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn:
To compute probabilities from the normal
distribution
To determine whether a set of data is
approximately normal
distributed
Many discrete variables can be approximated by a
normal distribution
Eg: The binomial distribution is symmetric when n is
Properties
Bell-shaped & symmetric
f(X)
Spread is characterized by .
The variable X has infinite range
I.e., - < X < +
In symbols, X ~ N (,
2).
can take
any values.
Remark: f(X) =
function.
Probability of X is found by the
density curve.
Reason 2: A continuous variable has
P(a X b)
X
7
Shape
= 1.35 min
= 6 min,
= 1.8 min,
2. At Pokfulam Univ,
= 5 min,
= 1.5 min.
Identify (1) & (2) in the graph. What do they have in common?
8
1.
2.
X 200 100
ANSWER
Z
2.0
50
Eg: Height
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4R8xm19DmPM
Mean = 162.2cm
Standard deviation = 6.8cm
Fig3: X to Z
11
Example
100
200
( = 100, = 50)
2.0
( = 0, = 1)
12
Summarizing this
chapter with a chart
Z
Area
14
Eg1: P (Z < 2)
Z
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.0
0.1
.
.
.
2.0
.9772
0.9772
2.00
15
ANSWER
16
range 6
17
Eg4: Downloading
Time
.00
.01
.02
0.0
.5000
.5040
.5080
0.1
.5398
.5438
.5478
0.2
.5793
.5832
.5871
0.3
.6179
.6217
.6255
=8
=5
=0
=1
X
8.0
0 0.12
8.6
.2000
?
?
X
Z
8.0
0
.03
.04
.05
-0.9
.1762
.1736
.1711
-0.8
.2033
.2005
.1977
-0.7
.2327
.2296
.2266
X Z
8.0 (0.84)5.0
3.80
19
Assessing Normality
1.
2.
3.
4.
Review Questions: T or F
1.
2.
3.
4.
21
Review Question
Source: Educator.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYnIIZbeFes
22
Appendix
Cumulative-Z
& Excel Commands
23
24
Excel Command
FIND AREA
Find cumulative probability
(i.e., area from the left) given
X- or Z- values
=NORMDIST(X, , , true)
returns the cumulative
probability of a normal
distribution.
FIND X-VALUES
Find X- or Z- values given
the cumulative probability
(i.e., area from the left)
=NORMSINV(cumulative
probability)
Eg: =NORMSINV(0.5)
=NORMINV(cumulative
probability, , )