Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 6

International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)

Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2015, ISSN 2348 8050

Human Heartbeat Sensing Robot Using Zigbee Technology


B.Prasanth (1) PG Scholar, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology
A.Ravishankar(2) PG Scholar, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology

ABSTRACT
This project is to design the robot for medical
applications to monitor the patients status and give
information to the doctor. In this project patients
heartbeat is monitored with the help of heartbeat sensor.
This data is given to the microcontroller through the scu.
A microcontroller act as a brain or heart of the project. It
as both analog and digital signal in a series
communication. Here we else flash type reprogrammable
microcontroller. If patient goes to the abnormal state this
microcontroller transmits this information to the robot
model ZigBee act as a communication protocol. In a root
model ZigBee receives this information then if search
the doctor presences with the help of RFID. RFID tag is
placed in the doctors ID card. If doctor is identified by
the robot means it gives voice information about the
patient with the help of APR9600 and speaker.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Present industry is increasingly shifting towards


automation. Two principle components of todays
industrial automations are programmable controllers and
robots. In order to aid the tedious work and to serve the
mankind, today there is a general tendency to develop an
intelligent operation. ATMEGA Microcontroller is the
heart of the device which handles all the sub devices
connected across it. It has flash type reprogrammable
memory. It has some peripheral devices to play this
project perform. It also provides sufficient power to
inbuilt peripheral devices. We need not give individually
to all devices. The peripheral devices also activates as
low power operation mode. These are the advantages are
appear here.

II.

frequency modulation scheme in which digital


information is transmitted through discrete frequency
changes of a carrier wave. The most common form of
frequency shift keying is 2-FSK) and it is received in PC
using RF Receiver by DFSK modulation and the datas
will be displayed in the PC.

III.

HARDWARE
(PROPOSED)

DESCRIPTION

A device for holding a heartbeat sensor in a


relatively fixed relationship with respect to the end of a
user's fingertip. More particularly, a device is disclosed
wherein a single sheet of resilient material is formed into
a base portion for holding the heartbeat sensor and three
resilient bands that extend upwardly there from. The
bands are adapted to grip the user's fingertip. The pulse
rate (which in most people is identical to the heart rate)
can be measured at any point on the body where an
artery is close to the surface. Such places are wrist
(radial artery), neck (carotid artery), elbow (brachial
artery), and groin (femoral artery). The pulse can also be
felt directly over the heart. The average heart rate beats
per minute Shown the Table 1.
Table 1 Heart Rate
Age

Average Heart Rate


(beats per minute)

New born
7 years
14 years
Adult

140
85-90
80-85
70-80

EXISTING SYSTEM
The signal conditioning unit accepts input
signals from the analog sensors and gives a conditioned
output of 0-5V DC corresponding to the entire range of
each parameter. This unit also accepts the digital sensor
inputs and gives outputs in 10 bit binary with a positive
logic level of +5V. The calibration voltages* (0, 2.5
and5V) and the health bits are also generated in this unit.
Markets for microcontrollers can run into millions of
units per application. At these volumes of the
microcontrollers is a commodity items and must be
11
www.ijete.org

First in this project photo transmitter is used to


transmit the rays to receiver side. Between photo
transmitter and receiver, human finger is used to
measure the pulse of the human body. In the photo
receiver, it measures the pulse of human body and then
the transducer is used to convert pulse energy into
electrical energy. This output will be given to the
microcontroller through any one of its input pin. Then it
is transmitted to PC using RF Transmitter by FSK
modulation (Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a

International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)


Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2015, ISSN 2348 8050

optimized so that cost is at a minimum. Semiconductor


manufacturers have produced a mind-numbing array of
designs that would seem to meet almost any need. Some
of the chips listed in this sec0tion are no longer regular
production, most are current, and a few are best termed
as "smoke ware": the dreams of an aggressive marketing
department. Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) have
materials which combine the properties of both liquids
and crystals. Rather than having a melting point, they
have a temperature range within which the molecules are
almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but are
grouped together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.
In electronics, a driver is an electrical circuit or
other electronic component used to control another
circuit or other component, such as a high-power
transistor. The term is used, for example, for a
specialized computer chip that controls the high-power
transistors in AC-to-DC voltage converters. Thus the
Transmitter side of Block shown in the fig 1.

IV.

ZIGBEE

The mission of the ZigBee Working Group is to


bring about the existence of a broad range of
interoperable consumer devices by establishing open
industry specifications for unlicensed, unfettered
peripheral, control and entertainment devices requiring
the lowest cost and lowest power consumption
communications between compliant devices anywhere in
and around the home. The ZigBee specification is a
combination of Home RF Lite and the 802.15.4
specification. The specific operates in the 2.4GHz (ISM)
radio band the same band as 802.11b standard,
Bluetooth, microwaves and some other devices. It is
capable of connecting 255 devices per network. The
specification supports data transmission rates of up to
250 Kbps at a range of up to 30 meters. Zigbee
technology is slower than 802.11b (11 Mbps) and
Bluetooth (1 Mbps) but it consumes significantly less
power. Thus the Zigbee module shown in fig 3.

Fig 3 Zigbee Model

Fig 1 Transmitter side


It most commonly consists of a number of
switches or sensors connected to a control unit that
determines if and which button was pushed or a preset
time has lapsed, and usually illuminates a light on the
appropriate button or control panel, and sounds a
warning in the form of continuous buzzing or beeping
sound. Thus the receiver side of the block shown in fig2

Fig 2 Receiver Side

ZigBee employs either of two modes, beacon or


non-beacon to enable the to-and-fro data traffic. Beacon
mode is used when the coordinator runs on batteries and
thus offers maximum power savings, whereas the nonbeacon mode finds favor when the coordinator is mainspowered. In the beacon mode, a device watches out for
the coordinator's beacon that gets transmitted at
periodically, locks on and looks for messages addressed
to it.

V.

RFID

The Radio Frequency Identifier Transponder or


tag is fixed on to the baggage to be tracked in the airport.
When this tag comes within the range of the reader or
integrator, the tag is energized. Now, this tag transmits
the data to the reader. This data is automatically sent to
the micro-controller for further processing. The time at
which the tag is sensed is sent to the micro-controller
from the RTC (Real Time Clock).These details are
displayed on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) .The same is
sent to the EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and
Programmable Read Only Memory), which is used as a
12
www.ijete.org

International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)


Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2015, ISSN 2348 8050

backup. It can be stored, and retrieved. Thus the RFID


tag and reader Shown in Fig 4.

Fig 5 Relay SPST

VII.
Fig 4 RFID Tag Reader
For most general applications passive tags are
usually the most cost effective. These are made in a wide
variety of sizes and materials: there are durable plastic
tags for discouraging retail theft, wafer thin tags for use
within "smart" paper labels, tiny tracking tags which are
inserted beneath an animal's skin and credit card sized
tags for access control. In most cases the amount of data
storage on a passive tag is fairly limited - capacity often
being measured in bits as opposed to bytes. However for
most applications only a relatively small amount of data
usually needs to be codified and stored on the tag, so the
limited capacity does not normally pose a major
limitation. Most tags also carry an unalterable unique
electronic serial number, which makes RFID tags
potentially very useful in applications where item
tracking is needed or where security aspects are
important.

VI.

RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch.


Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a
magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the
switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off so
relays have two switch positions and they are double
throw (changeover) switches. Relays allow one circuit to
switch a second circuit which can be completely separate
from the first. The coil of a relay passes a relatively large
current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay, but it can be as
much as 100mA for relays designed to operate from
lower voltages. Most ICs (chips) cannot provide this
current and a transistor is usually used to amplify the
small IC current to the larger value required for the relay
coil. The maximum output current for the popular 555
timer IC is 200mA so these devices can supply relay
coils directly without amplification. Thus fig 5 shows
the Relay Single pole Single threw Switch module.

DC MOTOR

In any electric motor, operation is based on


simple electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor
generates a magnetic field; when this is then placed in an
external magnetic field, it will experience a force
proportional to the current in the conductor, and to the
strength of the external magnetic field. As you are well
aware of from playing with magnets as a kid, opposite
(North and South) polarities attract, while like polarities
(North and North, South and South) repel. The internal
configuration of a DC motor is designed to harness the
magnetic interaction between a current-carrying
conductor and an external magnetic field to generate
rotational motion. Let's start by looking at a simple 2pole DC electric motor (here red represents a magnet or
winding with a "North" polarization, while green
represents a magnet or winding with a "South"
polarization).Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle,
rotor (armature), stator, commutator, field magnet(s),
and brushes. In most common DC motors, the external
magnetic field is produced by high-strength permanent
magnets. The stator is the stationary part of the
motor.This includes the motor casing, as well as two or
more permanent magnet pole pieces. Thus the DC Motor
Fig 6.
The rotor (together with the axle and attached
commutator) rotates with respect to the stator. The rotor
consists of windings (generally on a core), the windings
being electrically connected to the commutator. The
above diagram shows a common motor layout -- with
the rotor inside the stator (field) magnets.

Fig 6 DC Motor
13
www.ijete.org

International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)


Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2015, ISSN 2348 8050

The geometry of the brushes, commutator


contacts, and rotor windings are such that when power is
applied, the polarities of the energized winding and the
stator magnet(s) are misaligned, and the rotor will rotate
until it is almost aligned with the stator's field magnets.
As the rotor reaches alignment, the brushes move to the
next commutator contacts, and energize the next
winding. Meanwhile, with a two-pole motor, there is a
moment where the commutator shorts out the power
supply. Another disadvantage of such a simple motor is
that it would exhibit a high amount of torque "ripple"
(the amount of torque it could produce is cyclic with the
position of the rotor).

VIII.

APR 9600

This circuit is designed to record the voice signal. The


microphone is used to pick up the voice signal. Then the
signal is given to APR 9600 multi section sound record
and replay IC.
APR 9600 is a low cost high
performance sound record/reply IC incorporating flash
analogue storage technique Record sound is retained
even after power supply is removed from the module.. In
parallel access mode, sound can be recorded in 2, 4 and
8 section. The IC can be controlled simply using push
button keys. It is also possible to control the IC using
external digital circuitry such as microcontrollers and
computers. During sound recording, sound is picked up
by the microphone. A microphone pre- amplifier
amplifies the voltage signal from the microphone. An
AGC [AUTOMATIC G`AIN CONTROL] circuit is
included in the pre-amplifier, the extent of which is
controlled by an external capacitor and resistor.
This LED is driven by transistor Q1. For
recording into memory, MS1 and MS2 are pulled high.
The recording will be terminated if the recording time
exceeds 7.5 sec. Similarly for playbacks, RE pin goes
high.

are designed to solve the complex problems facing


embedded software developers.

When starting a new project, simply select the


microcontroller you use from the Device Database
and the Vision IDE sets all compiler, assembler,
linker, and memory options for you.

Numerous example programs are included to


help you get started with the most popular
embedded 8051 devices.
Simulator:
The Keil hardware simulator for the popular
8051 microcontroller is on the CD ROM so that readers
can try out examples from the book and create new ones
without requiring additional hardware. All code is
written in C compiler from Keil software is included on
the CD-ROM, along with copies of code examples from
the book to get you up and running very quickly.
PROTEUS
The proteus simulator tool synthesis the output
performance of the Project. The sensor value rises
towards the abnormal condition the controller satisfies
the heartbeat rate to the doctor threw the help of RFID.

X.

RESULT ANALYSIS
SIMULATION OUTPUT

Fig 8 Heartbeat Monitoring System


SPEAKER
A speaker is term used to describe the user who
is giving vocal commands to a software program. A
hardware device connected to a card that output sounds
had on-board speakers generated by the computer.

IX.

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

KEIL COMPILER
Keil development tools for the 8051
Microcontroller Architecture support every level of
software developer from the professional applications
engineer to the student just learning about embedded
software development.The Keil 8051 development tools

Fig 9 Normal Monitoring Rates


14

www.ijete.org

International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)


Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2015, ISSN 2348 8050

software controlled with less hardware circuit. The


feature makes this system is the base for future systems.
The principle of the development of science is that
nothing is impossible. So we shall look forward to a
bright & sophisticated world.

FUTURE SCOPE
Fig 10 Abnormal Monitoring Rate
ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS
Reliable
Economical
Easy to implement
Low power consumption
APPLICATION
This project is very useful to the Hospitals. The
Patient heart pulse monitoring system through the
wireless can be implemented in all Hospitals and also at
homes where care has to be taken for patients.

XI.

CONCLUSION

The process in science and technology is a nonstop process. New things and new technology are being
invented. As the technology grows day by day, we can
imagine about the future in which thing we may occupy
every place. The proposed system based on ATMEGA
microcontroller is found to be more compact, user
friendly and less complex, which can readily be used in
order to perform. Several tedious and repetitive tasks.
Though it is designed keeping in mind about the need for
industry, it can extended for other purposes such as
commercial & research applications. Due to the
probability
of
high
technology
(ATMEGA
microcontroller) used this Human Heartbeat Sensing
Robot Using ZigBee Technology system is fully

We have proposed a low-cost solution to


enhance the remote monitoring capability of existing
health care system. We conducted a feasibility study of
using ZigBee network based heart rate monitoring
system. It is secure, robust and low-power consuming. It
can operate on multiple channels so as to avoid
interference with other wireless devices or other
equipments in the hospital. EEG, ECG and other health
parameters can also be monitored. Continuous
monitoring and future diagnosis can be performed via
the same system (TELEMEDICINE). More than a single
patient at different places can be monitored using single
system.

REFERENCES
1. Eli S.Leland, Elaine M. Lai, Paul K. Wright,A
Self Powered Wireless Sensor for indoor environmental
monitoring.
2. NingXuetal,Awireless sensor network for structural
monitoring, ACM SenSys, 2004.
3.SanjaySingh,
Rajesh
Singh
Vivek
Kaundal,Automatic Meter Reading in wsn using
2.4Ghz transceiver with MATLAB data Logger,
International Transactions in Mathematical Sciences and
Computer (ITMSC) (ISSN-0974-7273) .
4.SanjaySingh, Rajesh Singh & Su kumar Ray
chaudhari, Design of Nodes in Wireless Sensor
Network Using RF Module, International journal
Association of advancement in combinatorial Sciences,
Ref.: ITAS-2-4/10, Dec. 15, 2010.

15
www.ijete.org

International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)


Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2015, ISSN 2348 8050

AUTHORS
B.Prasanth(1), received his B.E Electrical Electronics Engineering in 2013 from
Paavai College of Engineering, affiliated to Anna University Chennai, Tamilnadu,
India, and he is currently doing his M.E degree in Embedded Systems Technologies

in Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India


affiliated to Anna University Chennai.

A.Ravishankar(2) received his B.E Electronics and Communication Engineering in


2011 from Rovers Engineering college, afflaid to Anna University Chennai,

Tamilnadu, India, and he is currently doing his M.E degree in Embedded Systems
Technologies

in Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy,

Tamilnadu, India affiliated to Anna University Chennai.

16
www.ijete.org

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi