Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

CHAPTER

12

1. (a) d
(b) d
(d) d
(e) d

=
=
=
=

Progressions

3
2
1
0.2

(b) a = 2, d = 0 (2)

=2

2. (a) d = 5 2

=3

T51 = a + 50d
= 2 + 50(2)
= 98

(c) a = 1, d = 5 (1)

= 4

x = 2 3
= 1

T51 = a + 50d
= 1 + 50(4)
= 201

y = 8 + 3
= 11

1
1
1
(d) a = , d =
2
2
2

= 1

(b) d = 5 (1)
= 4

x = 1 (4)
= 3

T51 = a + 50d
1
= + 50(1)
2
1
= 50
2
1
= 49
2

y = 9 + (4)
= 13
1
(c) d = 1
2
1
=
2
1
1
x =
2
2
= 0

4. (a) a = 2, d = 6 2

=4

Tn = 86
a + (n 1)d = 86

2 + (n 1)(4) = 86
(n 1)(4) = 84

n 1 = 21

n = 22

1
3
y = +
2
2
= 2
(d) d = 0.2 0.4
= 0.2

(x + 0.1) d = 0
x + 0.1 + 0.2 = 0

x = 0.3

(b) a = 1, d = 3 (1)

= 2

Tn = 61
a + (n 1)d = 61
1 +(n 1)(2) = 61
60

n 1 =
2
= 30

n = 31

3. (a) a = 5, d = 8 5

=3
T51 = a + 50d
= 5 + 50(3)
= 155

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

(c) T10 = S10 S9

(c) a = x, d = (x + 2) x

=2

10
9
= [2(10) + 1] [2(9) + 1]
2
2
= 105 85.5
= 19.5

Tn = x + 50
a + (n 1)d = x + 50
x + (n 1)(2) = x + 50
50
n 1 =
2
= 25

n = 26

(d) Tm 2 = Sm 2 Sm 3

m 3 [2(m 3) + 1]
m 2 [2(m 2) + 1]
=
2
2
m

3
m

(2m 5)
(2m 3)
=
2
2
(m 2)(2m 3) (m 3)(2m 5)
=
2
2
(m 2)(2m 3) (m 3)(2m 5)
=
2
(2m2 7m + 6) (2m2 11m + 15)
=
2
4m 9
=
2

5. (a) a = 7, d = 10 7

=3
n
S20 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20
= [2(7) + (20 1)3]
2
= 710
(b) a = 5, d = 7 (5)

= 2

7. (a) a = 2, d = 4

20
S20 = [2(5) + (20 1)(2)]
2
= 10(10 38)
= 480

T6 = a + 5d
= 2 + 5(4)
= 22

T19 = a + 18d
= 2 + 18(4)
= 74

(c) a = 1, d = 1.5 1

= 0.5

The sum between 5th term and 20th term

n
= (a + l)
2
14
= (22 + 74)
2

= 672

20
S20 = [2(1) + (20 1)(0.5)]
2
= 10(11.5)
= 115
1
3
1
(d) a = , d =
4
4
4
1

=
2

(b) a = 5, d = 3 (5)

=2
T6 = a + 5d
= 5 + 5(2)
= 5

20
1
1
S20 = 2 + (20 1)
2
4
2
= 100

31 2

1 24

The sum between 5th term and 20th term

n
= [2a + (n 1)d]
2
14
= [2(5) + (14 1)(2)]
2

= 7(36)

= 252

1
6. (a) T1 = S1 = [2(1) + 1]
2
3

=
2
(b) T2 = S2 S1

2
3
= [2(2) + 1]
2
2
3
= 5
2
7
=
2

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(c) a = 8, d = 5 8

= 3
n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
19
S19 = [2 8 + (19 1)(3)]
2
= 361
5

S5 = [2 8 + (5 1)(3)]
2
= 10

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

(b) a = 21, d = 18 21

= 3

The sum between 5th term and 20th term

= 361 10
= 371

13
S13 = [2(21) + (13 1)(3)]
2
13
= (6)

2
= 39

8. (a) a = 3, d = 8 3

=5
20
S20 = [2(3) + (20 1)(5)]
2
= 10(101)
= 1010

S3 = 21 + 18 + 15
= 54

Sum of 10 terms = 39 54

= 15

4
S4 = [2(3) + (4 1)(5)]
2
= 2(21)
= 42

(c) a = 8, d = 6 (8)

=2

14
S14 = [2(8) + (14 1)(2)]
2
= 70

The sum from 5th term to 20th term

= 1010 42
= 968

S4 = (8) + (6) + (4) + (2)

= 20

(b) a = 10, d = 6 10

= 4

Sum of 10 terms = 70 (20)

= 90

20
S20 = [2(10) + (20 1)(4)]
2
= 560

10. (a) d = 5 3
= 2
T11 =
a + 10d =
a + 10(2) =
a =

4
S4 = [2(10) + (4 1)(4)]
2
= 16

The sum from 5th term to 20th term

= 560 16
= 576

10
S10 = [2(17) + (10 1)(2)]
2
= 80

(c) a = 9, d = 6 (9)

=3

(b) d = 4 (1)
= 3
T11 = 1
a + 10d = 1
a + 10(3) = 1

a = 29

20
S20 = [2(9) + (20 1)(3)]
2
=
390

4
S4 = [2(9) + (4 1)(3)]
2
= 18

3
3
3
17

10
S10 = [2(29) + (10 1)(3)]
2
= 5(31)
= 155

The sum from 5th term to 20th term

= 390 (18)
= 408

9. (a) a = 15, d = 19 15

=4

11. (a) a = 8, d = 4 (8)

=4

14
S14 = [2(15) + (14 1)(4)]
2
= 574

10
S10 = [2(8) + (10 1)(4)]
2
= 5(20)
= 100

4
S4 = [2(15) + (4 1)(4)]
2
= 84

Sum of 10 terms = 574 84

= 490
3

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

(b) a = 18, d = 12 18

= 6

Substitute d = 2 into 1,
a 2 = 7
a = 5

10
S10 = [2(18) + (10 1)(6)]
2
= 90

n
S20 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20
= [2(5) + (20 1)(2)]
2
= 480

(c) a = 1.0, d = 1.4 1.0

= 0.4

10
S10 = [2(1.0) + (10 1)(0.4)]
2
= 28

15. (a) T3 = 14
a + 2d = 14.................................. 1

S10 = 185
10
[2a + (10 1)d] = 185

2

2a + 9d = 37............. 2

12. a = 2, d = 3
Sn = 155
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 155
2
n
[2(2) + (n 1)3] = 155
2
n
(4 + 3n 3) = 155
2
n
(1 + 3n) = 155

2
n + 3n2 = 310
3n2 + n 310 = 0
(3n + 31)(n 10) = 0
31
n = , 10
3

1 9, 9a + 18d = 126...................... 3
2 2, 4a + 18d = 74........................ 4
3 4, 5a = 52
52
a =
5
2
= 10
5

52
(b) Substitute a = into 1,
5
52
+ 2d = 14

5
52
2d = 14
5
18
=
5
9
d =
5

Since n is the number of terms, then n = 10.

13. a = 5, Tn = 25
5 + (n 1)d = 25
(n 1)d = 30............................... 1
Sn =
n
[2(5) + (n 1)d] =
2
n[10 + (n 1)d] =
10n + (n 1)dn =

50
50

(c) T20 = a + 19d

52
9
= + 19
5
5
52
171
= +
5
5
223
=
5

100
100.................. 2

1 2

Substitute 1 into 2,
10n + 30n = 100
20n = 100
n = 5

16. a = 1, d = 2
Sn =
n
[2a + (n 1)d] =
2
n
[2(1) + (n 1)(2)] =
2
n(2 + 2n 2) =
2n2 =
n2 =
n =

14. T2 = 7
a + d = 7............................................ 1
T7 = 17
a + 6d = 17........................................ 2
2 1, 5d = 10

d = 2

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400
400
800
800
400
20

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

5
Tn =
128
5
arn 1 =
128
5
1 n1
=
10
128
2
1
1 n1

=
256
2
1 8
=
2
n 1 = 8

n = 9

17. a = p, d = 2

T6 = 140

a + 5d =
p + 5(2) =
p =
=

140
140
140 + 10
150

1 2

1 2

18. a = 50, d = 2

1 2

Tn = 0

a + (n 1)d = 0
50 + (n 1)(2) = 0
n 1 = 25
n = 26

6
(b) a = 2, r =
2

=3

Total distance covered = 26 400

= 10 400 m

Tn = 4374

ar = 4374
(2)(3)n 1 = 4374
3n 1 = 2187
= 37
n 1 = 7

n = 8
n1

19. (a) r = 3
1
(b) r =
2
1
8
20. (a) a = , r =
2
2

=4
T6 = ar5
1
= (4)5
2
= 512

14
22. (a) a = 7, r =
7

=2
rn 1
Sn = a
r1
10
2
1
S10 = 7
21
= 7161

4
(b) a = 8, r =
8
1

=
2

T6 = ar5
1 5
= (8)
2
1
=
4

2
(b) a = 4, r =
4
1

=
2

1 2

1 rn
S10 = a
1r

1.2
(c) a = 0.6, r =
0.6

= 2
T6 = ar5
= 0.6 (2)5
= 19.2
5
21. (a) a = 10, r =
10
1

=
2

1 10
1
2
= (4)
1
1
2

1
= 8 1
2

1 2

10

3 1 24

127
= 7
128

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

5
27. a = 10, r =
10
1
=
2

24
23. a = 8, r =
8

=3

Sum between 5th term and 10th term

= S9 S5
3 1
3 1
= 8 8
31
31
= 4(39 1) 4(35 1)
= 78 728 968
= 77 760

2 1

155
Sn =
8
155
1 rn
a =
8
1r

1 n
1
155
2
10 =
8
1
1
2

1
24. a = 1, r =
2

24 3

2
1
= 1
3
2
21
=
256

3 1

24

2
1
1
3
2

3 1

24

24

155
112 2 = 1
160
n

9
28. (a) a = 18, r =
18
1

=
2
a
S =
1r
18
=
1
1
2
= 36

4
(b) a = 12, r =
12
1

=
3

10
26. a = 5, r =
5
= 2

a
S =
1r
12
=
1
1
3
3
= 12
2
= 18

Sn = 155

rn 1
a = 155
r1
2n 1
5 = 155
21
2n 1 = 31
2n = 32
= 25
n = 5

1 2

1 2

Sum of 7 terms before 5

= S7
5 27 1
=
128 2 1
635
=
128

155
1 n
1 =
160
2

1
=
2
n = 5

5
a =
27
5
=
128

5
=
160
1
=
32

ar7 = 5
a(2)7 = 5

155
3 1 2 4 =
8

10
25. r =
5
= 2
T8 = 5

1 2

1
20 1
2

1 9
1 3
1
1
2
2
S9 S3 = 1 1
1
1
1
1
2
2

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

29. a = 10, S = 20
a
= 20
1r
10
= 20
1r
1
1 r =
2
1
r = 1
2
1
=
2

34.
T2 = 10
ar = 10................................................. 1

T5 = 80
ar 4 = 80............................................... 2
80
2 ar4
=
,
10
1 ar

r3 = 8

r = 2

Substitute r = 2 into 1,
a=5
T3 = ar2
= 5 (2)2
= 20

1
30. r = , S = 40
3
a
= 40
1r
a
= 40
1
1
3
2
a = 40
3
80
=
3

35. T2 + T3 = 15
ar + ar2 = 15
a(r + r2) = 15..................................... 1
a = 20................................................. 2

Substitute 2 into 1,
20(r + r2) = 15
3

r + r2 =
4
4r2 + 4r 3 = 0
(2r 1)(2r + 3) = 0
1
3

r = ,
2
2
1
Since r > 0, then r = .
2

p
2p
=
p
1

p2 = 2 p
p2 + p 2 = 0
(p + 2)(p 1) = 0

p = 2, 1

31. (a)

Since p = 1 does not form the geometric

progression, then p = 2.

36. (a) S = 16
a
= 16

1r
a = 16(1 r) ....................... 1

p
(b) r =
1
2
=
1
= 2

T2 = 4
ar = 4........................................... 2
Substitute 1 into 2,
16(1 r)(r) = 4
16r 16r2 = 4
16r2 16r + 4 = 0
4r2 4r + 1 = 0
(2r 1)2 = 0
1

r =
2
1
Substitute r = into 1,
2
1

a = 16 1
2
= 8

32. 1, 2, 4,
a = 1, r = 2
rn 1
S20 = a
r1
220 1
= 1
21
= 1 048 575

1
1

2
2

33. 2, 6, 18,
a = 2, r = 3
310 1
S10 = 2
31
= RM59 048

1
Therefore, the common ratio = and the first
2
term = 8.

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

(b) T5 = ar4
1
= 8
2
1
=
2

(2k 9) (k 2)
(18 9) (9 2)
97
2
n

S10 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
10
= [2(7) + (10 1)(2)]
2
= 5(32)
= 160
d =
=
=
=

1 2

37. (a) 2, 4, 8, 16,

Area of the 2nd circle

42 = 4
=

22
Area of 1st circle
Area of the 3rd circle
82 = 4
=

nd
42
Area of the 2 circle

4. (a) a = 4
d = 6 (4)
= 2

Since they have same common ratio, r = 4, the

area of the circle forms a geometric progression.

(b) Area of the 7th circle = R2

where R is the radius of the 7th circle.
R = T7 = ar6

4
=2
2
= 27 m

(b) S34 S4
34
4
[2(4) + (34 1)(2)] [2(4)
=
2
2
+ (4 1)(2)]

= 17(74) 2(14)

= 1230

1 2

Area of the 7th circle = R2

= (214)

= 16 384 m2

5.
T3 = 1 + 3m
a + 2d = 1 + 3m
a + 2(3) = 1 + 3m
a = 3m 5................................ 1
S5 = 5m + 4
5
(2a + 4d) = 5m + 4
2
5a + 10d = 5m + 4
5a + 10(3) = 5m + 4
5a = 5m 26......................... 2

1. d = (5) (8)
=3
S4 = 96
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 96
2
4
[2a + (4 1)3] = 96
2
2a + 9 = 48
2a = 39
39
a =
2

Substitute 1 into 2,
5(3m 5) = 5m 26
15m 25 = 5m 26
15m 5m = 26 + 25
10m = 1
1
m =
10

Therefore, the four consecutive terms are

39 45 51 57
, , , .
2
2
2
2

6. Let

Sn . 0
n
[2a + (n 1)d] . 0,
2
where a = 51 and d = 3
n
[2(51) + (n 1)(3)] 0
2
n
(102 + 3n 3) 0

2
n
(3n 105) 0

2
3
n(n 35) 0

2

2. p 2 = q p
2p q = 2
3. (a) (2k 9) (k 2) = (k + 2) (2k 9)
2k 9 k + 2 = k + 2 2k + 9

k 7 = k + 11

2k = 18

k = 9
(b) a = k 2
= 9 2
= 7

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

1
(b) Substitute r = into 1,
2
3
a =
1

2
= 6
a
S =
1r
6
=
1
1
2
= 12

35

n 0, n 35

Therefore, the minimum number of terms is 36.

p
3x + 2
7. =
3x + 2
10
(3x + 2)2
p =
10
8. 0.181818 = 0.18 + 0.0018 + 0.000018 +
0.0018
a = 0.18, r =
0.18

= 0.01
a
0.181818 =
1r
0.18
=
1 0.01
2
=
11

11. (a) T2 = 1
ar = 1............................................ 1
T3 + T4 = 2

ar2 + ar3 = 2
ar(r + r2) = 2................................ 2
Substitute 1 into 2,
1(r + r2) = 2
r + r2 = 2
r2 + r 2 = 0
(r + 2)(r 1) = 0

r = 2, 1
Since r , 0, then r = 2.

12
9. (a) a = 3, r =
3

=4

Common ratio = 4

Substitute r = 2 into 1,
a(2) = 1
1
a =
2

(b)

Sn = 65 535
rn 1
a = 65 535
r1
4n 1
3 = 65 535
41

4n = 65 536
= 48

n = 8

1
1

2
2

1 rn
(b) S10 = a
1r

1 1 (2)10
=
2 1 (2)
1
= [1 (2)10]
6
1023
=
6
= 170.5

10. (a) T2 = 3
ar = 3.......................................... 1
3
T4 =
4
3
3
ar = ........................................ 2
4
3

4
2 ar3

=
,
3
1 ar
1
2
r =
4
1

r =
2
1
Since r . 0, then r = .
2

12. (a) 1, 3, 5
a = 1, d = 2

Tn = 401
a + (n 1)d = 401

1 + (n 1)(2) = 401
400
(n 1) =
2

n = 201

The height is 201 3

= 603 cm

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

Tn = arn 1
13
4 n1
3 = 36
81
9
256
4 n1
= 36
81
9
64
4 n1
=
729
9
4 3
4 n1
=
9
9

n 1 = 3
n = 4

n
(b) Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
201
S201 = [2 1 + (200)2]
2
201

=
(402)
2
= 201 201
= 40 401
13. (a)

1st

2nd

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2 1 2

3rd

2
x
3

4
x
9

2
y
3

4
y
9

Therefore, the fourth rectangle has area

13
of 3 m2.
81
a
(ii)
S =
1r
36
=
4
1
9
9

= 36
5
324

= m2
5

A1 = Area of the 1st rectangle = xy

4
A2 = Area of the 2nd rectangle = xy

9
16
rd
A3 = Area of the 3 rectangle = xy
81
4
xy
A2
9
=

xy
A1
4
=
9

14. (a) x, x + y, x + 2y,

a = x, d = y
given T6 = 200
a + 5d = 200
x + 5(y) = 200
x + 5y = 200.............................. 1

16
xy
A3
81
=

4
A2
xy
9
16
9
=
81
4
4
=
9

and
S12 = 2520
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 2520

2
12
(2x + 11y) = 2520
2

2x + 11y = 420.............. 2

Since the ratios are the same, then the areas of

the rectangle form a geometric progression with
4
common ratio = .
9
(b) (i) A1 = xy
= 4 9
= 36

2 3, y = 20

Substitute y = 20 into 1,
x + 5(20) = 200
x = 100

4
A2 = xy
9
4
= 36
9
= 16

(b) Tn of Encik Ali = Tn of Encik Tan

100 + (n 1)20 = 200 + (n 1)10
100 + 20n 20 = 200 + 10n 10

10n = 110

n = 11

16
A3 = xy
81
16
= 36
81
1
= 7
9

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1 2, 2x + 10y = 400............... 3

10

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

1
10x
15. (a) =
20x
2
1
5x
=

10x
2

Therefore, it is a geometric progression.

97
S97 = (7 + 199)
2

= 9991
3. (3 x) (20) = 16 (3 x)
3 x + 20 = 16 + 3 + x

17 x = 13 + x
2x = 30
x = 15

(b) The sequence is a geometric progression since it

1
has a common ratio of .
2
a
(c)
S =
1r
20x
40 =
1
1
2
40 = 40x

x = 1

4.
x 2x2 = (3x 10) x
x 2x2 = 2x 10
2x2 + x 10 = 0
(2x + 5)(x 2) = 0
5
x = , x = 2
2
Since x . 0, then x = 2.

16. (a) 10 (h + k) = (2h 1) 10

10 h k = 2h 11

3h = 21 k

h = 7 k
3

5. Tn = 15 3n
a = T1
= 15 3(1)
= 12

(b) Given k = 3, h = 7 3
3
= 6

T10 = 15 3(10)
= 15

h + k = 6 + 3
= 9

n
Sn = (a + l)
2
10
S10 = [12 + (15)]
2
= 5(3)
= 15

Common difference = 10 9

=1

1. (a) a = 24, d = 4
T10 = a + 9d
= 24 + 9(4)
= 12

6. 2y + 3 2x =
=
2y + 3 2x =
3y 2y =
y =

30
(b) S30 = [2(24) + (30 1)(4)]
2
= 15(68)
= 1020

5y + 1 (2y + 3)
5y + 1 2y 3
3y 2
3 2x + 2
5 2x

7. (a) T10 = ar9

1
= (2)9
2
= 256

2. 7, 9, 11, , 199
a = 7, d = 2

Tn = 199
a + (n 1)d = 199
7 + (n 1)2 = 199
192
n 1 =
2
= 96
n = 97

1 rn
(b) S10 = a
1r

1 1 (2)10
=
1 (2)
2
1
= 170
2

11

23

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

1
r =
3
S = 30
a
= 30
1r
a
= 30
1
1
3
a
= 30
2

1
13. = 0.0833333
t
= 0.08 + 0.003 + 0.0003 + 0.00003 +
a
= 0.08 +
1r
0.003
= 0.08 +
1 0.1
0.003
= 0.08 +
0.9
1

=
12
t = 12

8.

2
a = 30
3
= 20

14. 0.090909...
= 0.09 + 0.0009 + 0.000009 +
a
=
1r
0.09
=
1 0.01
1
=
11

x
2
9. =
x
2
x2 = 1
x = 1
Since x . 0, then x = 1.

1
15. = 0.166666
p
= 0.1 + 0.06 + 0.006 + 0.0006 +
a
= 0.1 +
1r
0.06
= 0.1 +
1 0.1
0.06
= 0.1 +
0.9
1
=
6
Therefore, a = 0.06, b = 0.006 and p = 6.

10.
Tn = 729
n1
ar = 729
1
(3)n 1 = 729
3
(3)n 1 = 2187
= (3)7
n 1 = 7
n = 8

4
4
16. (a) p = q + 4 + + +
5
25
4

5
r =
4
1
=
5
4
1

=
q
5

q = 20

7x + 27
5x 3 =

x
5x 3
(5x 3)2 = 7x2 + 27x
25x2 30x + 9 = 7x2 + 27x
18x2 57x + 9 = 0
(18x 3)(x 3) = 0
3
x = , 3
18

11.

Since x is an integer, then x = 3.

1
(b) a = 20, r =
5
p = S
a
=
1r
20
=
1
1
5
5
= 20
4
= 25

2
12. a = 4, r =
4
1
=
2

a
S =
1r
4
=
1
1
2
=8

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12

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

17.
T1 + T2 = 28
a + ar = 28
a(1 + r) = 28........................................ 1

Sum of even numbers:

S10 = 300
10
[2(a + d) + (10 1)(2d)] = 300
2

2a + 2d + 18d = 60

2a + 20d = 60...................2

T2 + T3 = 14
ar + ar2 = 14
a(r + r2) = 14..................................... 2

2 1, d = 3

14
2 a(r + r2)
, =
28
1 a(1 + r)
1
r(1 + r)

=
2
1+r
1
r =
2

Substitute d = 3 into 1,
2a + 19(3) = 57
2a = 57 57
a = 0

T10 = a + 9d
= 0 + 9(3)
= 27

1
Substitute r = into 1,
2
1
a 1 = 28
2
a = 28 2
= 56

1 r6
S6 = a
1r

x
x2
=
2x + 3
x
x2 = (x 2)(2x + 3)
= 2x2 x 6
x2 x 6 = 0
(x 3)(x + 2) = 0
x = 3, 2

21.

1 6
1
2
= 56
1
1
2
1 6
1
2
= 56
3

2
= 36.75

3
3

4
2
4

3
1
When x = 3, the sequence is 9, 3, 1 and r = =
9
3
When x = 2, the sequence is 1, 2, 4 and
2
r = = 2
1
Since 1 , r , 1 for S to exist,
1
then r = .
3
a
S =
1r

18. Sn = n(6 n)
(a) T3 = S3 S2
= 3(6 3) 2(6 2)
= 9 8
= 1
(b)

9
=
1
1
3
9
=
2

S10 S5
= 10(6 10) 5(6 5)
= 40 5
= 45

3
=9
2
27
=
2

19. T10 = 7T1

a + 9d = 7a
6a = 9d
3
a = d
2

22. (a) 200, 180, 160,

Tn = 0
a + (n 1)d = 0

200 + (n 1)(20) = 0
200

n 1 =
20
= 10

n = 11

20. a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d,

S20 = 570
20
[2a + (20 1)d] = 570
2
2a + 19d = 57.................................1

13

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

(b) Total distance travelled

11
= [2(200) + 10(20)]
2
11
= (400 200)
2

= 1100 m

(b) 2S19 + T20

19

= 2 [2(98) + 18(2) + 60
2

= 19(160) + 60

= 3100 cm

26. (a) Particle P: 10, 12, 14, 16,

Distance travelled by P

= distance travelled by Q + 100
n
[2 10 + (n 1)(2)] = 9n + 100

2
n
(20 + 2n 2) = 9n + 100
2
n
(18 + 2n) = 9n + 100

2

9n + n2 = 9n + 100

n2 = 100

n = 10 m s1

Therefore, the velocity of P is 10 m s1.

23. (a) Progression I: 1, 1 + d, 1 + 2d,

Progression II: A, A + 2, A + 4, A + 6 +
1 = A + 6
A = 5

Therefore, the first term of the arithmetic

progression II is 5.

(b)
S4 = 22
4
[2(1) + (4 1)d] = 22

2

2 + 3d = 11

3d = 9

d = 3

(b) Distance travelled by P = 9 10 + 100

= 190 m

24. (a) (i) T6 = 15

a + 5d = 15.......................... 1

27. (a) 2, 1.8, 1.6, 1.4,

a = 2, d = 0.2

T10 = 23
a + 9d = 23......................... 2

Tn = 0
a + (n 1)d = 0

2 + (n 1)(0.2) = 0

2 1, 4d = 8

d = 2

2
n 1 =
0.2
= 10

n = 11

Time taken is 11 seconds.

Substitute d = 2 into 1,
a + 10 = 15
a = 5

15
(ii)
S15 = [2(5) + (15 1)(2)]
2
15
= (38)
2
= 285

11
(b) S11 = [2(2) + 10(0.2)]
2
11
= (4 2)
2
= 11 cm

(b)
Tn = 405
a + (n 1)d = 405

5 + (n 1)(2) = 405
(n 1)(2) = 400

n 1 = 200

n = 201
Since n is an integer, this shows that 405 is a term
in the progression.

28. (a) 2, 4, 6, 8, (height)

a = 2, d = 2
T25 = a + 24d
= 2 + 24(2)
= 2 + 48
= 50

25. (a) 98, 96, 94,

a = 98 cm, d = 2 cm

Therefore, the height of 25th edge is 50 cm.

1
(b) A1 = 2 (2 + 4)
2
= 6

T20 = a + 19d
= 98 + 19(2)
= 60 cm

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1
A2 = 2 (4 + 6)
2
=
10

14

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

1
A3 = 2 (6 + 8)
2
= 14

The longest part = T10

= a + 9d

= 2 + 9(3)

= 29

a = 6, d = 4

10
5
(b) S10 S5 = [2(2) + 9(3)] [2(2) + 4(3)]
2
2
5

= 5(31) (16)
2

= 115

The sum of the areas for the first 10 trapeziums

10
= [2(6) + 9(4)]
2

= 240 cm2

31. (a) 2, 6, 18, 54,

The base is a geometric progression
with a = 2, r = 3

29. (a) (i) T2 = x2

ar = x2................................. 1
x4
T3 =
16
x4

ar2 = ............................. 2
16
x4

2 ar2
16
, =
x2
1 ar
x2
r =
16

T10 = ar9
= 2(3)9
= 39 366

The value of the 10th term

= 39 3662

= 1 549 681 956

(b) (i) 4x x = 3x
7x 4x = 3x

Therefore, the indices form an arithmetic
progression.

x2
x2
(ii)
r = = 1 or r = = 0
16
16
x2 = 16
x = 0
x = 4

Therefore, the values of x are 0, 4, 4.

(ii)
a = x, d = 3x
10
S10 = [2x + 9(3x)]
2
= 5(2x + 27x)
= 145x

(b) (i) 5x (x + 5) = (8x 3) 5x

4x 5 = 3x 3

x = 2

10
32. a = 5, r =
5
= 2

(ii) When x = 2,
x + 5 = 7
5x = 10
8x 3 = 13

\ d = 3

Sn . 1000

rn 1 . 1000
a
r1
n
2
1 . 1000
5
21
2n 1 . 200
2n . 201
log10 2n . log10 201
n log10 2 . log10 201
log10 201
n .
log10 2
n . 7.65
Therefore, the least number of n = 8.

1
1

a = T4
= 13 + 3
= 16
10
S10 = [2(16) + 9(3)]
2
= 5(32 + 27)
= 5(59)
= 295
30. (a) a = T1 = 2
n = 10

S10 = 155
10
[2(2) + 9d] = 155

2

4 + 9d = 31

9d = 27

d = 3

2
2

33. (a) G.P.: T1 = a = 3, r

A.P.: T1 = a = 3, d = r

T5 of the geometric progression = 48

ar4 = 48
3r4 = 48
r4 = 16
r = 2
Since r . 0, then r = 2.

15

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

(b) Sn of A.P. = T4 of G.P.

n
[2(3) + (n 1)2] = 3 (2)3

2
n
(6 + 2n 2) = 24
2
n
(4 + 2n) = 24
2

2n + n2 = 24
n2 + 2n 24 = 0
(n + 6)(n 4) = 0

n = 4, 6
Since n is the number of terms, therefore n = 4.

3n 1
3 . 500
31
2
3n 1 . 500
3
1000
n
3 . + 1
3
1003
3n .
3
1003
n
log10 3 . log10
3

1003
n log10 3 . log10
3

log10 1003 log10 3

n .
log10 3
n . 5.29

Therefore, 6 days are required to produce more than

500 cells.

1. a = 121
d = 116 121
= 5

4. 200, 400, 800,

It is a G.P. with a = 200 and r = 2.
Let
Sn . 1 000 000
n
r

1
a . 1 000 000
r1
n
2
1
200 . 1 000 000
21
2n 1 . 5000
2n . 5001

n log10 2 . log10 5001

Let
Tn ,

a + (n 1)d ,
121 + (n 1)(5) ,
(n 1)(5) ,

0
0
0
121
121

n 1 .
5
121

n . + 1
5

n . 25.2
Therefore, the first negative term is 26th term.

2. 8, 10, 12, , 200

a = 8, d = 10 8

=2

log10 5001
n .
log10 2
n . 12.29

2 1, 6d = 24

d = 4
Substitute d = 4 into 1,
a + (3 4) = 10

a = 2
Let
Tn =
a + (n 1)d =
2 + (n 1)(4) =
(n 1)(4) =

n 1 =

n =

Sn . 500

306
306
306
308
77
78

Since n is an integer, therefore 306 is a term in the

progression.

r 1
a . 500
r1

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T10 = 34
a + 9d = 34.............................2

3. 3, 9, 27,
a = 3, r = 3

5. T4 = 10
a + 3d = 10.............................1

Sum of all even numbers,

n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
97

[2(8) + 96 2]
S97 =
2
= 10 088

Hence, in 13 days, all the money will be used up.

Let
Tn = 200
a + (n 1)d = 200
8 + (n 1)(2) = 200
(n 1)(2) = 200 8
192

n 1 =
2
= 96

n = 97

Let

16

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

6. Circumferences:
2pr, 2p(r + 1), 2p(r + 2),

p
p
p
(c) 10 , 13 , 16 , are the arc lengths
4
4
4
5p
10p
of the sectors in A.P. where a = = and
2
4
3p
d = .
4

The sum of the first 20 arc lengths
n
= [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20
5
3p
= 2 p + 19
4
2
2
57

= 10 5p + p
4
77

= 10 p
4
385
= p cm
2

1 2

T2 T1 = 2p(r + 1) 2pr

= 2p
T3 T2 = 2p(r + 2) 2p(r + 1)

= 2pr + 4p 2pr 2p

= 2p
Since T2 T1 = T3 T2, therefore the circumference
of the circles are A.P..

1 2

1 2

31 2

Areas:
pr2, p(r + 1)2, p(r + 2)2,

T2 T1 = p(r + 1)2 pr2

= p(r2 + 2r + 1) pr2
= pr2 + 2pr + p pr2

= 2pr + p

1 24

8. (a) r, r + 1, r + 2, are the radii of the semicircles

which form an A.P..
a = r cm, d = 1 cm

T3 T2 = p(r + 2)2 p(r + 1)2

= p(r2 + 4r + 4) p(r2 + 2r + 1)
= pr2 + 4pr + 4p pr2 2pr p

= 2pr + 3p

p(r), p(r + 1), p(r + 2), are the circumferences

of the semicircles which form an A.P..
a = pr, d = p

Since T2 T1 T3 T2, therefore the area of the circles

are not A.P..

Given the total circumferences of the first 8

semicircles = 84p
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 84p

2
8
(2pr + 7p) = 84p
2
2pr + 7p = 21p

2r + 7 = 21

2r = 14

r = 7

For circumferences,
a = 2pr, d = 2p
The total circumferences of the first 5 circles
5
= [2(2pr) + 4(2p)]
2
5
= (4pr + 8p)
2
5
= 4p(r + 2)
2
= 10p(r + 2) units

7. (a) 10, 13, 16, 19, are the radii of the sectors in
A.P..
a = 10, d = 3

Therefore, the radius of the smallest semicircle is

7 cm.

(b) Let
Sn = 45p
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 45p

2
n
[2pr + (n 1)p] = 45p

2
n
[2p(7) + (n 1)p] = 45p

2
n
(14 + n 1) = 45
2
n
(13 + n) = 45

2

13n + n2 = 90
2
n + 13n 90 = 0
(n + 18)(n 5) = 0

n = 5,

n = 18 is ignored since n . 0.

Let the radius of the nth sector = Tn.
Tn = 10 + (n 1)3
= 7 + 3n

Therefore, the radius of the nth sector is 7 + 3n.
(b) Given the area of the nth sector = 512p cm2
1
r2q = 512p

2
1
p
(7 + 3n)2 = 512p

2
4

1 2

8
(7 + 3n)2 = 512p
p
= 4096

7 + 3n = 64

3n = 57

n = 19

17

Hence, the number of semicircles is 5.

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

9. (a) 10, 12, 14, 16, are the distance, in m, travelled

per second of the particle P which form an A.P..
a = 10, d = 2

2 ar4
8
,
=
5
1 ar
1
3

r =
8
1
r =
2
1
Substitute r = into 1,
2
a
= 5
2
a = 10

The distance travelled by particle P after t

seconds,
t
St = [2(10) + (t 1)2]
2
t
= (20 + 2t 2)
2
t
= (18 + 2t)
2
= t(9 + t) m

a
S =
1r
10
=
1
1
2
= 20

The distance travelled by particle Q in t seconds

8t m.

Thus, t(9 + t) + 8t = 60
9t + t2 + 8t 60 = 0
t2 + 17t 60 = 0
(t 3)(t + 20) = 0

t = 3,

t = 20 is ignored since t > 0.

12. Given S = 120

a
= 120
1r
80
= 120
1r
80
1 r =
120
2
=
3
2

r = 1
3
1
=
3

(b) Distance travelled by particle P = 3(9 + 3)

= 36 m
10. (a) Given T30 = 99

a + 29d = 99.............................1

S3 = 45
3
(2a + 2d) = 45

2
3a + 3d = 45
a + d = 15..........................2

1 2, 28d = 84
84
d =
28
= 3

Let

Substitute d = 3 into 2,
a + 3 = 15
a = 12
Therefore, the length of the shortest part is
12 cm.

1 n
1
3
80 . 118
1
1
3
118
2
1 n

1 .
80
3
3
59
1 n

1 .
60
3
59
1 n

1 .
60
3
1
1 n
.

60
3
1
1 n
log10 . log10
60
3
log10 1 log10 60 . n(log10 1 log10 3)

0 log10 60 . n(log10 3)

. n log10 3

1 2

1 2

(b) p = S30
30
= [2(12) + 29(3)]
2
= 15(24 + 87)
= 1665

1 2

1 2
1 2

11. Given T2 = 5

ar = 5..................... 1

1 2

5
T5 =
8
5

ar4 = ................... 2
8

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Sn . 118
n
1

r
a . 118
1r

18

1 2

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 12

14. For the heights:

20, 18, 16, which is an A.P. with T1 = 20 and
d = 2

log10 60

, n

log10 3

3.727
,n

Height of sixth cylinder, T6 = a + 5d

= 20 + 5(2)

= 20 10

= 10

Hence, the minimum number of terms is 4.

13. (a) 5, 2.5, 1.25, are the heights bounced by the

yoyo in the subsequent processes which is a G.P.
1
with a = 5, r = .
2

At the fifth bounce = T5

= ar4
1 4

=5
2
5

=
16

For the diameters:

5
1
10, 5, , which is a G.P. with a = 10, r =
2
2
Diameter of sixth cylinder, T6 = ar5
1 5

= 10
2
10

=
32
5

=
16

1 2

1 2

The distance from the boys finger

5
= 10
16
11
= 9 cm
16

The area of the circle for sixth cylinder

d 2
=p
2
5
= p 2
16 2
25
= p cm2
1024

1 2
1

a
(b) S =
1r
5
=
1
1
2
= 10

The volume of the sixth cylinder

25
= p (10)
1024
125
= p cm3
512

S = 10 is the total distance bouncing up only.

Since the distance bouncing up and coming down
are the same, then the total distance travelled

= 2 10

= 20 cm

19

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