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Program Description:
"POLEFDN" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis of a pole foundation
assuming the use of a rigid round pier which is assumed free (unrestrained) at the top and subjected to lateral
and vertical loads. Specifically, the required embedment depth, the maximum moment and shear, the plain
concrete stresses, and the soil bearing pressures are calculated.
This program is a workbook consisting of six (6) worksheets, described as follows:
Worksheet Name
Description
Doc
Pole Fdn (Czerniak)
Pole Fdn (UBC-IBC)
Pole Fdn (OAAA)
Granular Soil (Teng)
Cohesive Soil (Teng)
c.
d.
e.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Note: references "a" and "b" refer to the "Pole Fdn(Czerniak)" worksheet, while reference "e" refers to both
the "Granular Soil(Teng)" and "Cohesive Soil(Teng)" worksheets.
The "Pole Fdn(Czerniak)" worksheet assumes that the foundation is short, rigid, meeting the criteria that the
foundation embedment length divided by the foundation diameter <= 10.
This program will handle both horizontally as well as vertically applied loads. The vertical load may have an
associated eccentricity which results in an additional overturning moment which is always assumed to add
directly to the overturning moment produced by the horizontal load.
This program assumes that the top of the pier is at or above the top of the ground surface level.
This program assumes that the actual resisting surface is at or below the ground surface level. This accounts
for any weak soil or any soil which may be removed at the top.
The "Pole Fdn(Czerniak)" worksheet assumes that the rigid pier rotates about a point located at a distance, 'a',
below the resisting the surface. The maximum shear in pier is assumed to be at that 'a' distance, while the
maximum moment in the pier is assume to be at a distance = 'a/2'.
The "Pole Fdn(Czerniak)" worksheet calculates the "plain" (unreinforced) concrete stresses, compression,
tension, and shear in the pier. The respective allowable stresses are also determined based on the strength
(f'c) of the concrete. This is done to determine if steel reinforcing is actually required. However, whether
minimum reinforcing is to be used or not is left up to the user. The allowable tension stress in "plain" concrete
is assumed to be equal to 10% of the value of the allowable compressive stress.
9. The "Pole Fdn(Czerniak)" worksheet calculates the actual soil bearing pressures along the side of the pier at
distances equal to 'a/2' and 'L'. The respective allowable passive pressures at those locations are determined
for comparison. However, it is left up to the user to determine the adequacy.
10. Since all overturning loads are resisted by the passive pressure against the embedment of the pier, this
program assumes that the pier acts in direct end bearing to resist only the vertical loading. The bottom of
pier bearing pressure is calculated, which includes the self-weight of the pier, assumed at 0.150 kcf for the
concrete.
"POLEFDN.xls" Program
Version 1.9
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L/D =
Lt =
Pier Side S
a=
Pc =
Input Data:
Pier Data:
Pier Foundation Diameter, D =
Pier Height Above Soil, h1 =
Concrete Strength, f'c =
Pv=4 k
1.500
0.000
3.000
ft.
0.120
30.00
0.000
2.000
kcf
M=0 ft-k
ft.
ksi
Ph=0.7 k
Soil Data:
H=3'
Ground
deg.
Line
h1=0'
ft.
Pier Loadings:
Axial Load, Pv =
Horizontal Load, Ph =
Distance from Ph to Top/Pier, H =
Externally Applied Moment, M =
4.000
0.700
3.000
0.000
Pt(allow) =
h2=0'
ksf
kips
Resisting
kips
Surface
L=5.6'
Af =
Wf =
Pv =
P(bot) =
Pier Shear
Maximum
ft.
ft-kips
Pier
V(max) =
Results:
Maximum
D=1.5'
M(max) =
Pier Embedment and Total Length:
Nomenclature
Ho =
0.47
Ho = Ph/D
kips/ft.
Mo =
1.40
Mo = (M+Ph*(H+h1+h2))/D
fa =
ft-kips/ft.
E=
3.00
E = Mo/Ho
ft.
Kp = TAN^2(45+/2) (passive soil pressure coefficient)
Kp = 3.000
fb =
R = Kp* (passive soil resistance/ft. depth)
R = 0.360 ksf/ft.
L=
5.60
L = solution of cubic equation: L^3-(14*Ho/R)*L-(19*Mo/R)=0
fc =
ft.
L/D =
3.73
L/D <= 10 for valid short, rigid pier analysis
L/D<=10, O.K.
Fc(allow) =
Lt =
5.60
Lt = h1+h2+L (total length)
ft.
ft =
Pier Side Soil Pressures:
Ft(allow) =
a = 3.991 ft.
a = L*(4*E/L+3)/(6*E/L+4) ("pivot" point from top of resisting surface)
Pc = 0.721 ksf
Pc = 1.18*(4*Mo+3*Ho*L)^2/(L^2*(3*Mo+2*Ho*L))
fv =
Pc(allow) = 0.718 ksf
Pc(allow) = Pp*(a/2)
Pc(allow)<Pc Fv(allow) =
Pt = 1.627 ksf
Pt = 9.42*(2*Mo+Ho*L)/L^2
#
Pt(allow) = 2.015 ksf
Pt(allow) = Pp*L
Pt(allow)>=Pt, O.K.
#
#
Pier End Bearing Pressure:
#
Af
=
*D^2/4
(pier
base
area)
Af =
1.77
#
ft.^2
Wf =
1.48
Wf = (Af*Lt)*0.150 (pier weight)
#
kips
Pv =
Pv = Pv+Wf (total vertical load)
5.48
#
kips
P(bot) = Pv/Af
P(bot) = 3.103 ksf
Pa<P(bot)
#
(continued)
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Pier Plain C
Axial Com
Flexural T
Combined
Combined
Shear Str
"POLEFDN.xls" Program
Version 1.9
#
#
(located at distance = a, from top of resisting surface)
#
V(max) = ABS(Ho*D*(1-3*(4*E/L+3)*(a/L)^2+4*(3*E/L+2)*(a/L)^3)
#
#
Maximum Moment:
(located at distance = a/2, from top of resisting surface)
#
M(max) =
2.81
M(max) = Ho*D*L*(E/L+a/2/L-(4*E/L+3)*(a/2/L)^3+(3*E/L+2)*(a/2/L)^4) #
ft-kips
#
Pier Plain Concrete Stresses:
(Plain concrete allowable stresses from ACI 318-02, Chapter 22)
#
Axial Compressive Stress:
#
fa = (Pv+*D^2/4*(h1+h2+a/2)*0.15)/(*(D*12)^2/4)*1000
fa = 17.80 psi
#
#
Flexural Tension/Compression Stress:
#
fb
=
M(max)*12/(*(D*12)^3/32)*1000
fb = 58.94 psi
#
#
( = 0.55 and divide ACI Code USD value by 1.6 for ASD)
Combined Compression Stress:
#
fc = 76.74 psi
fc = fb+fa (compression)
#
Fc(allow) = 0.85**(f'c*1000)/1.6
Fc(allow) = 876.56 psi
Fc(allow)>=fc, O.K.
#
#
( = 0.55 and divide ACI Code USD value by 1.6 for ASD)
Combined Tension Stress:
#
ft = 41.14 psi
ft = fb-fa (tension)
#
Ft(allow) = 5**SQRT(f'c*1000)/1.6
Ft(allow) = 94.14 psi
Ft(allow)>=ft, O.K.
#
#
Shear Stress:
(divide ACI Code USD value by 1.6 for ASD)
#
fv = V(max)/(*(D*12)^2/4)*1000 (shear)
fv =
4.44
#
psi
Fv(allow) = 45.64 psi
Fv(allow) = 4/3*SQRT(f'c*1000)/1.6
Fv(allow)>=fv, O.K.
#
#
Applied Lateral Load and Resistance of Pole/Foundation
Reference: "Resistance to Overturning of Single, Short Piles" - by Eli Czerniak
#
ASCE Journal of the Struct. Div., Vol. 83, No. ST2, Paper 1188, Mar. 1957
#
#
Ph
Pier Shear and Moment:
Maximum Shear:
V(max) =
1.13
kips
Resisting Surface
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Ground Line
Mo
Ho
a
2
a
L
R*L
Pc
Pt
V(max)
M(max)
#
Applied
Load
Pole/Fdn.
Rotation
Unit Resist.
Available
Pressure
Diagram
Shear
Diagram
Moment
Diagram
#
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"POLEFDN.xls" Program
Version 1.9
Pe =
Kp =
Pp =
S1 =
A=
L=
Lt =
Input Data:
Pier Data:
Pier Foundation Diameter, D =
Pier Height Above Soil, h1 =
Pv=2.1 k
2.000
0.000
ft.
Pier End B
M=0 ft-k
ft.
Af =
Wf =
Pv =
Ph=1.015 k
Soil Data:
0.120
30.00
0.100
1.500
kcf
deg.
H=13'
Ground
ft.
Line
h1=0'
ksf
h2=0.1'
Pier Loadings:
Axial Load, Pv =
Horizontal Load, Ph =
Distance from Ph to Top/Pier, H =
Externally Applied Moment, M =
2.100
1.015
13.000
0.000
kips
kips
Resisting
ft.
Surface
L=5.84'
ft-kips
Pier
D=2'
Results:
Nomenclature
Pier Embedment and Total Length:
Pe = 1.015 kips
Pe = Ph+(M/(H+h1+h2)) ("equivalent total" horizontal load)
Kp = TAN^2(45+/2) (passive pressure coefficient)
Kp = 3.000
Pp = Kp**L (passive pressure at bottom of pier)
Pp = 2.102 ksf
S1 = 0.701 ksf
S1 = Pp/3 (passive pressure at 1/3 embedment depth)
A = 1.695
A = 2.34*Pe/(S1*D)
L=
5.84
L = A/2*(1+SQRT(1+(4.36*(H+h1+h2)/A)))
ft.
(UBC 1997 Eqn. 6-1, p. 2-45)
Lt =
5.94
Lt = h1+h2+L (total length)
ft.
(IBC 2003 Eqn. 18.1, p. 370)
Pier End Bearing Pressure:
Af =
3.14
ft.^2
Wf =
2.80
kips
Pv =
4.90
kips
P(bot) = 1.559 ksf
Reference:
Pa<P(bot)
Comments:
5 of 10
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11/23/2015 10:19:34
"POLEFDN.xls" Program
Version 1.9
Job Name:
Job Number:
Pe =
Kp =
Pp =
S1 =
L=
Lt =
Input Data:
Pier Data:
Pier Foundation Diameter, D =
Pier Height Above Soil, h1 =
Pv=3 k
2.500
0.000
Pier End B
ft.
Af =
Wf =
Pv =
P(bot) =
M=0 ft-k
ft.
Ph=10.133 k
Soil Data:
0.120
30.00
0.000
4.000
kcf
deg.
H=28.625'
Ground
ft.
Line
h1=0'
ksf
h2=0'
Pier Loadings:
Axial Load, Pv =
Horizontal Load, Ph =
Distance from Ph to Top/Pier, H =
Externally Applied Moment, M =
3.000
10.133
28.625
0.000
kips
kips
Resisting
ft.
Surface
L=15.57'
ft-kips
Pier
D=2.5'
Results:
Nomenclature
Pier Embedment and Total Length:
Pe = 10.133 kips
Pe = Ph+(M/(H+h1+h2)) ("equivalent total" horizontal load)
Kp = TAN^2(45+/2) (passive pressure coefficient)
Kp = 3.000
Pp = Kp**L (passive pressure at bottom of pier)
Pp = 5.604 ksf
S1 = 1.868 ksf
S1 = Pp/3 (passive pressure at 1/3 embedment depth)
L = 15.57 ft.
L = 1.18*Pe/(D*S1)*(1+SQRT(1+1.88*D*S1*(H+h1+h2)/Pe))
Lt = 15.57 ft.
Lt = h1+h2+L (total length)
Pier End Bearing Pressure:
Af =
4.91
ft.^2
Wf =
11.46
kips
Pv = 14.46 kips
P(bot) = 2.946 ksf
Reference:
Comments:
6 of 10
Pa>=P(bot), O.K.
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11/23/2015 10:19:34
"POLEFDN.xls" Program
Version 1.9
Pv=3 k
2.500
0.000
ft.
M=0 ft-k
ft.
Ph=10.133 k
Soil Data:
0.120
8
0.000
4.000
kcf
H=28.625'
Ground
ft.
Line
h1=0'
ksf
h2=0'
Pier Loadings:
Axial Load, Pv =
Horizontal Load, Ph =
Distance from Ph to Top/Pier, H =
Externally Applied Moment, M =
Overload Factor, OLF =
3.000
10.133
28.625
0.000
2.000
kips
kips
Resisting
ft.
Surface
L=12.17'
ft-kips
Pier
D=2.5'
Nomenclature
Results:
Granular Soil Parameters:
= 30.50 deg.
Kp = 3.061
(continued)
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"POLEFDN.xls" Program
Version 1.9
Ho
R
D
3**Kp*D*L
Comments:
8 of 10
11/23/2015 10:19:34
"POLEFDN.xls" Program
Version 1.9
qu =
c=
q=
Input Data:
Pier Data:
Pier Foundation Diameter, D =
Pier Height Above Soil, h1 =
Ho =
Mo =
Heff =
L =
Lt =
Pv=0 k
2.000
0.000
ft.
M=0 ft-k
ft.
Ph=2 k
Soil Data:
Blows/Foot (Penetrometer), N =
Depth to Resisting Surface, h2 =
Allow. Soil Bearing Pressure, Pa =
8
0.500
2.000
Af =
ft.
H=10'
Ground
ksf
Line
h1=0'
Pier Loadings:
Axial Load, Pv =
Horizontal Load, Ph =
Distance from Ph to Top/Pier, H =
Externally Applied Moment, M =
Overload Factor, OLF =
P(bot) =
h2=0.5'
0.000
2.000
10.000
0.000
2.000
kips
kips
ft.
Resisting
ft-kips
Surface
L=6.7'
Pier
D=2'
Nomenclature
Results:
Cohesive Soil Parameters:
qu =
2.00
ksf
c=
1.00
ksf
q = 0.222 ft.
(continued)
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"POLEFDN.xls" Program
Version 1.9
Ho
1.5*D
L
H1
Y1
H2
Y2
9*c*D
9*c*D
Comments:
10 of 10
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