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lalitbaviskar CAE,Noise&VibrationAnalyst

FEAmodalanalysiswhatrolemassparticipationfactorplayfor
resonancecheck,i.ewhiledealingcomponentnaturalfrequencies
withexternalexcitationfreq?.
1stqueryFormodalanalysisofsaysingle3Dcomponet,toavoidresonancecondition,dowe
needtocomparethecomponentnaturalfrequencieswithexternalexcitationfreqofsaycompressor
onlyorwehavetolookthemassparticipationfactorandcorespondingmassratioalso.
2ndqueryIfcomponenthasnaturalfrequencyof49Hz(in3rdmode)andcompressoroperatesat
48Hz,butithasfoundthatfor3rdmodetheratioofeffectivemasstototalmassinXYZdirection
is0.066,0.089,0.067resp.thoughtheratiosareveryless,canwecallitthatcomponentisin
resonance.
Note:theanalysisisperformedinANSYSMechanical.
Iamseriouslylookingforit'sanswer.Pleasehelpme
Thanks
Lalit
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September6,2012

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KaramMaalawi
Naturalfrequenciesdependonbothmassandstiffnessdistributionsinanelasticbody.Inyour
case,youshouldconstructaCampbelldiagramtochecktheoccurrenceofresonanceatthe
criticalrotatingspeeds.Ithinkyouneedtoapplyoptimizationtheorytoavoidresonance.You
maylookatthelink:
http://www.intechopen.com/books/authors/advancesincomputationalstabilityanalysis/stability
dynamicandaeroelasticoptimizationoffunctionallygradedcompositestructures
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September7,2012

JoshuaGordis
Therearetwoissuestoconsider:
1.Resonanceisdefinedaswhentheexcitationfrequencymatchesoneofthenatural
frequenciesofthestructure.Inthiscase,largeamplitudescanresult.
1.The"participation"factorisameasureofhowmuchenergy"getsin"toamode,leadingto
largeramplitudes.
So,itspossiblethatanexcitationcouldmatchanaturalfrequency(i.e.resonance),butifthe
participationfactorwas0,thennoenergywillgetintothatmode.
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September7,2012

lalitbaviskar
ThanksMr.KaramandMr.Joshuaforyourvaluableinput.
Withthisonemorequeryarisesthatforasamesingle3Dcomponent,ifits13thmodehasthe
ratioofeffectivemasstototalmassas0.18(i.e18%)andmatcheswithexcitationfrequency,
butcorrespondingmodeshapehas5node,stillweshouldconsiderthe13thmodeascriticalfor
resonanceorwecanneglectit.
Note:3Dcomponentinthiscasesayasmalldiametertubeoftotallengthof500mroutedin3D.
Alsohavebigdoubtinmindthatastatementsays"extractthemodeuptomassratioof90%".
whatexactlyitmeansincontexttoresonance.itisacumulativemassadditionoverthe
frequencieswhereasaresonanceisacaseofsinglefrequency.
Eagertoknowtheanswersforabove.waitingforthereply.
thanks
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JoshuaGordis
Ican'tgiveyouanansweraboutwhethershouldincludethemodeornot,as

September7,2012

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that'stooimportantaquestiontobeansweredwithouthavingdetailed
knowledgeaboutthesystemandtheexcitations.However,whatharmisthere
inincludingit?
Ithinktheguidanceyouwerequotingmeansthatyoushouldincludeenough
modessuchthatthecumulativemassratiois<or=90%.
Soyouwillbeincludingabunchofmodes.Remember,thatevenifonemode
is"inresonance",othermodescloseinfrequencywillalsocontribute
substantiallytotheresponse.ThatiswhywecantincludeJUSTthe
resonantmode.Thetotalresponseisthesummationoftheindividualmodal
responses.Oneormoreoftheindividualmodalresponsesmaybe"large"(at
resonanceorneartoresonance),hencetheparticipationfactorgives
guidanceabouthowmanymodesareneededtocapture"most"ofthemodal
massofthestructure.Someofthesemodesmaynotcontributesignificantly
toresponseamplitudesandsomewill,butyouwillbe"covered".
Josh
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September7,2012

KaramMaalawi
DearSir
ifyou'rreallyworriedaboutresonanceoccurrence,youshouldapplyanyreasonable
optimizationalgorithmandconsiderwhatiscalledfrequencywindowsoptimization.Thismay
helpyouinseparatingalltheimportantfrequenciesfromtheexcitationonesandavoidlarge
amplitudestohappen.YoumayneedtoseeEq.(3)inthelink:
http://www.ufpa.br/nicae/projetos/eletronorte_cabos/ref_pdf/Negm_2000a.pd
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September7,2012

BlasMoleroHidalgo
DearLalit,
Whenthefrequencyoftheexcitingforcecoincideswithanaturalfrequencyofthestructure,
thenresonantvibrationsmayeventuallyleadtofailure.Notonlymatchingbetweenthe
frequencyofexcitationandthenaturalfrequenciesofthestructureisimportant,butalsothe
MODESHAPEisveryimportant:thedeformedshapeofmode&andthedeformedlinearstatic
shapeoftheappliedforcevectorshouldbesimilar.Itispossibletohaveasituationwherethe
stiffnessforceandtheinertiaforceareexactlyequalandopposite,inthiscasetheycancel
eachother,notmattertheirmagnitudis,andthesystemissaidtobeinresonance.
Themassparticipationfactorisusuallyusedasasolutionaccuracychecktoensurethata
suficientnumberofmodeshavebeenusedinthedynamicanalysis.Generally,thenumberof
modesconsideredmustcontributetoatotalmassparticipationfactorofatleast80%ofthe
systemmassinthedirectionofthebasemotion,speciallyinbaseexcitationproblems.Ifthere
isstillsomedoubtabouttheaccuracyofthesolution,increasethenumberofmodesandrerun
theproblemandseewhethertheconvergencehasbeenachieved.
Inforceexitationdynamicproblemstheintegrationincrementortimestepsize(smallerthan
1/10ofthelastmodeperiod)playsanimportantroleinsoluctionaccuracy.
Bestregards,
Blas.
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September10,2012

JoeMaronick
Lalit,
Youmayonlyneedtopayattentiontomassparticipationfactorsinthedirection(andcross
rotations)inlinewithyourcompressorloaddirection.Butideallyyouwouldwanttorunamodal
frequencyresponseanalysis(ie:harmonic,sinesweep),applyingthecompressorloadatafew
criticalexcitationfrequencies,usingallmodesthefirsttime.Itsfairlyeasytodeterminethe
dominantmodesatthosefrequenciesdependingonyourFEprogram.MosttheFEcodeshave
amethodforcalculatingdynamicmodalparticipationfactors(energyand/orindividualresponse)
foryourgivenloadateachofthosefrequencies,whicharemoretellingthanbasicmodal
effectivemass.After1runwithallthemodes,thenyoucanfilteroutunnecessarymodesnot
excitedbythatloadatthosefrequenciesforlaterruns.Thedynamicenergieswillalsotellyou
atwhatfreqsthesystemismostresonant.Youmayfindtheenergy~48Hzlessthanatother
freq's(good),orsomemodes~48Hznotexcitedbythatparticularload&direction.
UnfortunatelymostcommercialFEcodesdontfinditnecessarytoprovideuserswithdecent
postprocessingofusefulcalculationslikedynamicpfsintoanicetableorchart,butthemodal
KEparticipation%calculationisquitesimple:Ifyourmodesaremassnormalizedto1.0,then
foreachexcitationfrequency,outputthegeneralizedmodalresponsemagnitudesqmag(mode
I,fexcite),intoExcel.ModalKEfrac(modei)=qmag(modei)^2/sum(qmag^2),producingan
nmodesxfexcitetableofmodalKEfracsor%s.Itsnotthatcumbersomeandquiteeffective.
ManyFEcodesalsohaveindividualresponsedynamicpfs,whichgivemodalparticipation(or
contribution)ofprojectedresponsetototalresponse.Inyourcaseyoumightusetheresponse
ofyourloadpt.Therewouldbeannmodesxfexciteprojectionfractiontableforearesponse,
butthatonesalittletoughertocalculateonyourown.Lastly,theresmethodsofdoinga
combinedstaticloadsvsmodesanalysisonthestructure,withoutgoingintofrequency
response,andcomputingmodalKE%orSE%ofmodestostaticshapes,asamodernversion
ofModalEffectiveMass.Thisisanintermediatecalculationmorecommonlyfoundwithin
residualmodesanalysis,thatcanbeappliedtofreefreestructuresaswellasconstrained,and
predictsthemodesexcitedbyeachload,ratherthanjustinthegeneral6rigidbodymodal
effectivemassdirections.Unfortunatelymydevelopmentsinthisareahavebeenclient
proprietary,butsomeoneatyourFEAclientsupportmaybeabletoassist.

Bestregards,
JoeM
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September10,2012

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