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Natural Sources
Lake asphalts (Bermudez and Trinidad)
Gilsonite - occur in faults, large deposit in Utah, very hard
Petroleum Asphalts
Asphalt is obtained from crude oil by a process called
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
Crude oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbons which are
mutually soluble - fractional distillation is used to separate
the fractions based on boiling point
Types:
Asphalt cement
Asphalt cutback
Asphalt emulsion
Asphalt pavement
Blown bitumen :
Penetration grade
Basic form of bitumen and has to be heated
before application
Cutback bitumen
Bitumen combined with other petroleum
distillates
Bitumen emulsion
Product in liquid form formed in aqueos medium
Plastic bitumen
Consists of bitumen thinner and suitable filler made
Cutbacks
Bituminous materials in solvents
Residual bitumen
Solid substance at normal temperature and is
qualities
Raw coke
Property
Asphalt
Bitumen
Tar
Existing state
Solid or semi-solid
Usually solid at
normal
temperatures
Solid as a viscous
liquid
Colour
Blackish brown
Dark black
Deep black
Effect on heating
Becomes liquid on
heating
Becomes less
viscous on heating
Adhesive power
Not much
Good
Very good
Carbon content
Less
More
Most
Setting time
Not much
Not much
More
Resistance to acid
and water
Good
Good
Less
Paint
Used for manufacture of bituminous paints and
Roofing
Roofing felts and shingles (covering of roof) are
Damp proofing
Prefabricated mats which are sprayed with blown
Tanking of basements
Asphalt and bitumen are the usual choices for water
Protection of structures
Used as a protecting coating (by impregnation)
Pavements
Extensively used for the construction of roads,
Preservation of stones
Some of the materials used for stonework