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-1-
Mindsprite Solutions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ 1
Basic Know How ......................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 1: Teaching Aptitude .................................................................................................. 3
Teaching Skills ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Teaching Methods .................................................................................................................................. 4
Teaching Aids ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Examination ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Characteristics of Measuring Good Exam .............................................................................................. 10
Evaluation ............................................................................................................................................... 14
Teacher-Parent-Student Interaction ........................................................................................................ 14
Reading .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Curriculum .............................................................................................................................................. 16
Course Syllabus...................................................................................................................................... 16
Difference between Curriculum & Syllabus ............................................................................................. 17
Time Table .............................................................................................................................................. 18
Monitoring in Education .......................................................................................................................... 18
Study Patterns ........................................................................................................................................ 19
Learning .................................................................................................................................................. 19
Learning Plans ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Overlearning ........................................................................................................................................... 23
Educational Philosophy & Contributors .................................................................................................. 23
Phobia .................................................................................................................................................... 31
Motivation ............................................................................................................................................... 31
Achievement Motivation ......................................................................................................................... 32
Intelligence ............................................................................................................................................. 33
Aptitude .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Interest.................................................................................................................................................... 34
Attitude ................................................................................................................................................... 34
Values ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Defense Mechanisms ............................................................................................................................. 35
Developmental Psychology .................................................................................................................... 35
Leadership .............................................................................................................................................. 37
CHAPTER 2: Research Aptitude .................................................................................................. 39
Scientific Research ................................................................................................................................. 39
Types of Research .................................................................................................................................. 39
Diagnostic Research ............................................................................................................................... 39
Prognostic Research .............................................................................................................................. 39
Research Design..................................................................................................................................... 40
Hypothesis .............................................................................................................................................. 41
Variables ................................................................................................................................................. 44
Sampling ................................................................................................................................................ 44
Format of Scientific Reporting ................................................................................................................ 47
Types of Psychological Research ........................................................................................................... 47
Laboratory Experiment ........................................................................................................................... 47
Field Experiment ..................................................................................................................................... 47
Field Studies ........................................................................................................................................... 47
Survey Research ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Experimental Design ............................................................................................................................... 48
CHAPTER 3: Questions on Teaching & Research Aptitude .......................................................... 52
CHAPTER 4: Education in India .................................................................................................. 58
School Education ................................................................................................................................... 58
Higher Education in India ........................................................................................................................ 60
Research in India .................................................................................................................................... 67
Scholarships ........................................................................................................................................... 68
Educational Reforms in India .................................................................................................................. 68
Copyright ................................................................................................................................................ 73
Practice Questions ................................................................................................................................. 73
CHAPTER 5: Communication ...................................................................................................... 75
Concept and Definition of Communication ............................................................................................. 75
Communication Terminology .................................................................................................................. 75
Types of Information ............................................................................................................................... 75
Importance of Communication ............................................................................................................... 75
Mindsprite Solutions holds the copyright for this document. Reproduction by any means electronic or physical
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(including photocopy) is prohibited. Violators will be prosecuted to the greatest extent by law.
-2-
Mindsprite Solutions
Mindsprite Solutions holds the copyright for this document. Reproduction by any means electronic or physical
www.examrace.com
(including photocopy) is prohibited. Violators will be prosecuted to the greatest extent by law.
Examrace
E
(w
www examrac
ce com)
- 32 -
Min
ndsprite Solu
utions
Where,
T S is
s measure of
o Tendency
y to Succee
ed
M S is
s measure of
o Motivatio
on to appro
oach Succes
ss
P S is
s subjective
e Probabilitty of Succes
ss
I S is the Incentive value of
o Success
For the
t
tendenc
cy to avoid failure
SECO
ONDARY DRIV
VE: Prestige
e, status an
nd recognition
n
Where,
T F is
s measure of
o Tendency to avoid Failure
M F is
s measure of Motivatiion to avoid
d Failure
P F is
s subjective
e Probabilitty of Failure
I F is Incentive value
v
of faiilure
Incen
ntive
Exterrnal stimuli may arous
se organism
m and directt
behavior towarrds which an organis
sm strives.
Goal is the end rresult. Positive incentiive increashe vigor off the behavior and strengthens
s
s
es th
respo
onse. E.g. praise, appreciatio
a
n, reward,
bonus, fulfillme
ent of need
ds and achievement off
desired objectiv
ve.
Figure
F
10: Process
P
of Goal
G
Achiev
vement
Frusttration
Motiv
vated beha
avior freque
ently fails to achieve
e
objec
ctive due to
o blockage when arou
usal level is
s
high. This mightt be because of poor performance
e
use in such
h a state of high arous
sal a person
n
becau
reacts to stimulii and respo
onds in an exaggerated
e
d
d
d manner. Optimum
m level off
or disorganize
arous
sal is nece
essary to initiate an
ny activity
y.
Unde
er intermediate-level arrousal, perfformance is
s
the best.
b
Person
n who is no
ot sufficiently aroused
d
tends
s to seek sttimulation that will in
ncrease the
e
level of arousal.. An arouse
ed person should
s
seek
k
e and quiett for reducing stimula
ation.
peace
ACH
HIEVEMEN
NT MOTIV
VATION
Tendency to sttrive for excellence against
a
sett
dards is ach
hievement motivation.
m
McClelland
d
stand
expla
ains achieve
ement as ex
xcellence in
n individualistic effort whille Murray explains
e
it as psychogenic
c need.
Succ
cess and
d Failure Motives
s
There
e are two ttypes of motives
m
in an
a achievementt situation:
Mottive to achiieve succes
ss
Mottive to avoiid failure
Atkin
nson who studied both above ph
henomenon
n
expla
ained achie
evement motivation
m
as conflictt
outco
ome betwee
en two tend
dencies:
Ten
ndency to succeed
Ten
ndency to avoid failure
Both are determined by th
hree variab
bles namely
y,
mottivation, ex
xpectancy and
a
incentive.
For the tenden
ncy to succeed
=
Cha
aracteris
stics
Mottivation (AM)
of
o
Achiievemen
nt
Peo
ople with high
h
AM pre
efer to work
k on moderrate
ely challeng
ging tasks, which
w
prom
mise success
s.
Peo
ople with high
h
AM lik
ke tasks in which theiir
perrformance can be com
mpared to others.
o
Peo
ople with high
h
AM tend to be persistent
p
in
wo
orking on ta
asks that th
hey perceiv
ve as caree
er
related especially in tim
me of advers
sity.
Peo
ople with high
h
AM in
ncline to work
w
on th
he
tas
sks where some
s
degre
ee of control over outtcom
me is possible.
Peo
ople with high
h
AM are open in interaction
ns
and
d readily use participative methods.
hen people with high AM
A people are success
s Wh
full, they tend
d to raise th
he level of achievemen
a
nt
in a realistic way.
w
Peo
ople with high
h
AM hav
ve low fear of future.
Peo
ople with high AM are restless, en
nergetic and
strrive for reas
sonable adv
venture.
Factors
Affecting
A
g
Mottivation
Achiievemen
nt
Achievement motive
m
is a social motive.
m
It is
i
ely learnt and differentiated in
n early life
e.
large
Acco
ording to McClelland
d, children
n with high
achie
evement motivation
m
come
c
from families:
Wh
here child is motivated
d to be selff-reliant
Wh
here child has
h limited restrictions on action
ns
Wh
here parentts are loving and carin
ng
Wh
here parentts reward th
he childs achievemen
a
nt
beh
havior
Wh
here family size is small
Mo
ostly in the middle cla
ass
Step
ps to Promotte
Mottivation
Achiievemen
nt
Follo
owing steps are taken
n to promo
ote achieve
ement motivatio
on in indiviiduals:
Ma
ake them learn to analyze the perrsonal goalls
and
d take them
m as challen
nges.
(1)
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sprite Solutio
ons holds the copyrigh
ht for this do
ocument. Reproduction by
b any mean
ns electronic
c or physicall
www.examrace.com
(including photoc
copy) is proh
hibited. Viola
ators will be
e prosecuted
d to the greatest extent by
b law.
Examra
ace (www exa
amrace com))
Importan
I
nt Schoo
ols
- 59 -
Mindspritte Solutions
Central
C
Sc
chools (K
Kendriya Vidhalaya
V
s or
KVs)
K
These
T
were
e establishe
ed in 1965 & is syste
em of
central
c
gov
vernment sc
chools under MHRD, GoI
G &
is
i since the
en affiliated
d to CBSE. Across Ind
dia, it
follows
f
un
niform curriculum to
o ensures that
children
c
off governme
ent employ
yees dont have
educational
e
l disadvanta
ages when their
t
parentts are
transferred
t
. Body kn
nown as Central Sc
chool
Organizatio
O
on oversees
s this functtioning of these
t
Table 15: Army
A
Public
c Schools in India
Dh
haula Kuan, New Delhi
Binnaguri
B
Kota
K
Chandimandi
C
ir Cantt, Pan
nchkula
Ambala
A
Canttt
Akhnoor,
A
Jam
mmu & Kashm
mir
Beas,
B
Punjab
Gorakhpur
G
Dagshai
D
Bengdubi
B
Ja
alandhar, Pu
unjab
Bathinda
B
Kolkata
K
Arm
my Public Sc
chools
Lucknow
Pithoragarh
h
Pune
Bikaner
Jodhpur
Jhansi
Babina Canttt
Noida
Ramakrishn
napuram, Sik
kandarabad
Bolarum, Sik
kandarabad
Mumbai
Lansdowne,, Uttarakhan
nd
Patiala
Udhamp
pur
Kalucha
ak, Jammu
Narangii (Guwahati)
Basistha (Guwahati))
Meerut
Roorkee
e
Ahmadn
nagar
Shillong
g
Nahan
Jaipur
Bangalo
ore
Mamun Military Sta
ation, Pathan
nkot
Pathank
kot
one is at Re
ewari (Hary
yana) which
h started in April,
2009. Its aiim is to brin
ng quality public
p
educ
cation
Sainik
S
Schools
for commo
on child, alll-round pe
ersonality develd
These
T
were established as joint venturre of
opment, & removal of regiona
al imbalan
nce in
central
c
& sttate govern
nments & arre under ov
verall
officers cadre & prrepare boy
ys academically,
governance
g
e of Sainik Schools
S
Soc
ciety. Curre
ently,
A
Forc
ces by
physically,, & mentallly to join Armed
there
t
are 24
4 Sainik Sch
hools in Ind
dia & the re
ecent
National Defense Aca
ademy (NDA
A).
Table 16
6: Sainik Schools in Ind
dia
Defense
D
Training
g & Scho
ools
Am
maravathina
agar, Tamil Nadu
N
Am
mbikapur, Chhattisgarh
Ba
alachadi, Gujarat
Bh
hubaneswar,, Orissa
Biijapur, Karna
ataka
Sainik Scho
ools
Imphal, Manipu
ur
Kap
purthala Pun
njab
Kaz
zhakootam, Thiruvananthapuram,
Kerrala
Kodagu, Karnataka
Korukonda, An
ndhra Prades
sh
Pung
galwa, Nagaland
Puru
ulia, West Ben
ngal
Rewa
a, Madhya Prradesh
Rewa
ari, Haryana
Sujan
npur Tihra, Himachal
Mindsprite
M
Solutions holds
h
the cop
pyright for th
his documen
nt. Reproduc
ction by any means electtronic or phy
ysical
www.examrace.com
(including ph
hotocopy) is
s prohibited.. Violators will
w be prosec
cuted to the greatest exttent by law.
Examra
ace (www exa
amrace com))
- 93 -
Mindspritte Solutions
CHAP
PTER 7: MASS
M
CO
OMMUN
NICATION
N
PRASAR BHARATII
Prasar
P
Bharrati was esta
ablished on
n 23rd November
1997
1
& Indiias public service
s
broa
adcaster witth All
India
I
Radio
o & Doorda
arshan as itts two cons
stituents.
e
It aims to organiz
ze & conduct public broadcasting
c
serv
vices to inform, educ
cate & ente
ertain
people
p
& en
nsure balanced development of broadcasting
c
on radio & TV. Objecttives of Prasar
P
Bharati
B
Act, 1990 are:
Uphold In
ndias unity & integrity
y & the cons
stitutional valu
ues.
Doordar
rshan
Provide g
good coverrage to va
arious culttures,
sports & g
games, & yo
outh affairs
s.
guard rightts of
Promote social justice, safeg
laborers, minorities,, & tribal co
ommunities.
Promote national
n
inttegration.
Safeguard
d peoples rights
r
& to inform them on
all public interest issues
Present fa
air & balanc
ced informa
ation flow.
Give spec
cial attentio
on to educa
ation & lite
eracy,
agriculturre, rural dev
velopment,, health & fa
amily
welfare, & science & technology
y.
Expand broadcastin
b
ng facilities, promote
e research & develop
d
bro
oadcast tec
chnology.
All
A India
a Radio
In
I India, rradio broad
dcasting started in early
1920s
1
& 1st program was
w broadca
asted in 192
23 by
Radio
R
Club
b of Bomba
ay. This was
w
followe
ed by
establishme
e
ent of Broa
adcasting Services
S
in 1927
with
w
2 priv
vate-owned transmitte
ers at Bomb
bay &
Calcutta.
C
In
n 1930, GoI took over the
t transmiitters
& started op
perating the
em as Indian Broadca
asting
Service
S
wh
hich later in 1936 chan
nged to All India
Radio
R
(AIR) & in 1957 was known
n as Akashv
vani.
Governmen
G
nt programs
s are given regular
r
pub
blicity
covering
c
12
2 themes viiz.
Sarva Siks
sha Abhiyan
Doordarsh
han Chann
nels
Number give in the bracket denote total nu
umnnels.
ber of chan
NATIONAL CHANNELS (5): DD1, DD Bharatti, DD
Sports, DD
D News, & DD Urdu.
REGIONAL LANGUAGE SATELLITE CHANNELS
H
(11
1): DD
North-East, DD Beng
gali, DD Orriya, DD Pu
unjabi,
arati, DD Kannada,
K
D Kashmir, DD
DD
DD Guja
Malayalam, DD Sahyadris, DD
D Podhigai, & DD
Saptagiri.
REGIONAL STATE NETW
WORK (11): Bihar,
B
Jhark
khand,
Haryana, Uttarakh
hand, Him
machal Pra
adesh,
garh, Madh
hya Pradesh
h, Uttar Pra
adesh,
Chhattisg
Rajasthan
n, Mizoram
m, & Tripura
a.
Mid-day M
Meal Schem
me
INTERNATIONAL CHANN
NEL (1): DD India.
I
DD DIREC
CT + (1): It is Doordar
rshan free--to-air
Direct-to-Home serv
vice & was initiated on 16th
Decembe
er 2004.
DD BHARA
ATI (1): It wa
as launched
d on 26th January
2002 & shows
s
focu
us on adventure, quiz
z contests, fin
ne arts & paintings,
p
c
crafts
& designs,
cartoons, talent hunts along with
w
Meri Baat
ve phone sh
how with young
y
which is 1 hour liv
people.
NEWSPAP
PERS IN INDIA
Scheduled publicatio
on having current news,
events, infformative articles, va
aried featu
ures &
advertising
g is known
n as newsp
paper & the
ey are
measured on two diimensions viz., circulation
Mindsprite
M
Solutions holds
h
the cop
pyright for th
his documen
nt. Reproduc
ction by any means electtronic or phy
ysical
www.examrace.com
(including ph
hotocopy) is
s prohibited.. Violators will
w be prosec
cuted to the greatest exttent by law.