NAGPUR

Submitted by- Shraddha Bahirat

PART A
Nagpur is the largest city in central India and the winter capital of the state
of Maharashtra. It is a fast growing metropolis and is the third most populous city
in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune, and also one of the country's most
industrialized cities. Nagpur is the 13th most populous city and 13th largest
urban agglomerationin India.
PHYSICAL AND NATURAL SETTING IN REGIONAL CONTEXT

is
the
exact
centre
the India

Nagpur
located at

of

Figure 1: Nagpur in national and regional context

n peninsula. The city has a Zero Mile stone locating the geographical center of
India, which was used by the British to measure all distances within the Indiansubcontinent.
The city lies on the Deccan plateau of the Indian Peninsula and has a mean
altitude of 310.5 meters above sea level. The underlying rock strata are covered
with alluvial deposits resulting from the flood plain of the Kanhan River. In some
places these give rise to granular sandy soil. In low-lying areas, which are poorly
drained, the soil is alluvial clay with poor permeability characteristics. In the
eastern part of the city, crystalline metamorphic rockssuch as gneiss, schist and
granites are found, while in the northern part yellowish sand stones and clays of
the lower Gondwana formations are found. Nagpur district lies between 20.35 to
21.44 North Latitude and 78.15 to 79.40 East Longitude., in the plain to which it
gives its name at the southern base of the Satpuda Hills. It has an area of 9,892
Sq. km. The district is bounded on the north by the Chhindwada and Seoni
districts of the Madhya Pradesh, on the east by Bhandara, on the south and west
by Chanda and Wardha, respectively, and along a small strip on the north-west
by the Amravati district. The northern range of hills extends along the whole
border, being pierced only in two places where the Kanhan and Pench rivers have
broken through. On the west it consists merely of the outlying foothills of the
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Satpudas, the plateau proper lying behind them in Chhindwada. But from the
Kanhan to the Pench, it is the major range of the Satpudas themselves which
dominates the landscape, and the ascent of the Khamarpani plateau is made in
Nagpur. Along this length the hills are well wooded and picturesque, and there is
some striking scenery on the Pench river. In the Archaean area the rocks are
hidden beneath a considerable thickness of alluvial soil, deposited by the
tributaries of the Kanhan and the Wainganga rivers.
Nagpur city is dotted with natural and artificial lakes. The largest lake
is Ambazari Lake. Other natural lakes include Gorewada Lake and Telangkhedi
lake. Sonegaon and Gandhisagar lakes are artificial, created by the city's
historical rulers. Nag river, Pilli Nadi along with nallas form the natural drainage
pattern for the city

DEMOGRAPHIC TREND FOR LAST 50 YEARS

Prior to the separation of Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 Nagpur district was

a part of Central Provinces and Berar province with Nagpur city enjoying
the status of capital city from 1947 to 1956. After the separation of
Maharashtra, Nagpur district along with Vidharbha merged in the state of
Maharashtra. Nagpur district has 42 percent of workers engaged in
agricultural activities as cultivators or agricultural laborers and the rest 58
percent in non-agricultural activities as per 1991 census. The percent of
agricultural labour to total workers population is15.7 percent as per 2001
census. As of the 2011 census, Nagpur municipality had a population of
2,405,421 and the urban agglomeration had a population of 2,523,911. [The
municipality had a sex ratio of 961 females per 1,000 males and 9.9% of the
population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 93.13%; male literacy
was
96.16%
and
female
literacy
was
89.99%.Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Jainism are four major religions in
Nagpur with a following of 66.0%, 20.0%, 11.0% and 1.5% of the population
respectively. Others are 1.5%. 52.5% of Nagpur's population is in the 1559 years
age category. Around 11% of the population is under 6 years of age .

LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES AND THE PLANNING INSTITUTION

Nagpur is administered by the Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC), which is a democratically
elected civic governing body. Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT) works with NMC and carries out works
such as development of the civic infrastructure and new urban areas on behalf of NMC.The city is
divided into 10 zones, which are, in turn, divided into 145 wards. Each ward is represented by a
corporator, majority of whom are elected in local elections.
Nagpur is the headquarters of some national scientific and governmental establishments such as the
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), the Central Institute of Cotton
Research (CICR), the National Research Centre for Citrus, the National Bureau of Soil Survey and
Land Use Planning, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Aluminium Research and Development Centre,
and the Petroleum And Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO), formerly known as the Department of
Explosives.
Nagpur is the home to the National Academy of Direct Taxes (NADT) where officers of the revenue
Services are trained and the National Academy of Defence Production (NADP), where officers of
ordnance factories are trained

ECONOMY
Nagpur is an emerging metropolis. In 2004, it was ranked the fastest growing city
in India in terms of the number of households with an annual income of Rs 1
crore (10 million) or more. Nagpur has been the main center of commerce in
the Vidarbha region since its early days and is an important trading location.
Though, Nagpur's economic importance gradually declined relative to
Mumbai and Pune after the merging of Vidarbha into the Maharashtra because of
a period of neglect by the state government, the city has recovered its economy
later. During the slowdown, state and central government offices were a major
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source of employment. Nagpur's economy has recovered from past

slowdowns] and the city has attracted Rupees 5,000 crore in investment in 2004.
[45]
It was ranked the 11th most competitive city in the country by the Institute for
Competitiveness in its 2012 report. The city is important for the banking sector
as it hosts the regional office of Reserve Bank of India.
MIHAN
Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur is an airport project
for Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport, Nagpur. It is the biggest
economical development project currently underway in India in terms of
investments. The project aims to exploit the central location of Nagpur and
convert the present airport into a major cargo hub with integrated road and rail
connectivity. This project consists of two parts:

An international airport to act as a cargo hub and

A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) with residential zone covering an area of
40.25 km on the southern end of Nagpur.

The government of Maharashtra formed a special-purpose entity in the name

of Maharashtra Airport Development Company for development of MIHAN. The
project is financed by multiple Indian banks with total loan amount of INR 3,000
million along with investment from state government and Airports Authority of
India. With a projected target of serving 14 million passengers and handling 0.87
million tones of cargo this is one of largest aviation project in India. The
estimated capital cost of the project is INR 2581 crores (by year 2035) and is
supposed to generate revenues INR 5280 crores.
MIDC Industrial Areas
The Nagpur and the vidarbha region has a very prominent power sector as
compared to rest of Maharashtra. The Butibori industrial area is the largest in all
of Asia in terms of area. The estate's largest unit is of Indo Rama Synthetics,
which manufactures synthetic polyester yarn. Other units in Butibori include the
power transmission company Gammon India Limited (T & D), Gammon India Ltd.
(Infra), Central Workshop, KEC, Hyundai Unitech, ACC Nihon Castings Ltd. Koradi
Thermal Power Station and Khaparkheda Thermal Power Station are the two
major thermal
power
stations located
near
Nagpur
and
operated
by MSPGCL. NTPC has a super thermal power plant in Mauda around 40 km from
Nagpur whose first plant is commissioned.
The Hingna industrial estate on the western fringes of the city is made up of
around 900 small and medium industrial units. The major ones among them are
tractor manufacturing plant of Mahindra and Mahindra, casting units of NECO
Ltd. (the country's largest casting
group), [50] units of
International
Combustion, Bajaj Auto group, Candico (the second largest confectionery
manufacturing plant in India, Ajanta toothbrushes, and Sanvijay Group (largest
steel rolling group of companies for long products in Central India). Nagpur is
home
to
ice-cream
manufacturer
Dinshaws,
Indian
dry
food
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manufacturer Haldiram's, Indian Ready to Cook food manufacturer Actchawa

and Ayurvedic product company Vicco and Baidynath
MINING
Owing to natural resource richness of region, mining is major activity. Several
government organizations related to Mining industry are based in
Nagpur. Western Coalfields Limited (WCL), which is one of the eight fully owned
subsidiaries of Coal India Limited, has its head office at Nagpur.

LONG TERM (2030 YEARS) WEATHER TRENDS IN REGIONAL CONTEXT

A meteorological observatory is situated at Nagpur airport, which represent the
climate of Nagpur. Daily Meteorological data of this observatory have been used
to prepare the climatology of Nagpur. The climatological study of rainfall,
Temperature, wind & humidity is based on the data and weather phenomenon
for a 42 year period from 1969-2010.
The city of Nagpur enjoys a very dry and semi humid climate throughout the
year excepting monsoon season (June to September). Nagpur climate witness a
very hot weather during the month of summer. It reaches the pinnacle in the
month of May. Mean and extreme monthly data of Nagpur during the period from
1969 to 2010 is given in Table 1(A) & 1(B) below.

Diurnal variation of Temperature: Diurnal variation of the temperature during

summer season (March to May) is depicted in Figure 4.1. The minimum
temperature of the day is recorded around 0700 hrs I.S.T. in March and around
0600 hrs I.S.T. in April & May. As the Sun start rising earlier,
8 the temperature increase sharply from 0700 hrs I.S.T. to 1300 hrs I.S.T. and
reach their peak value around 1500 hrs. I.S.T. The decrease in temperature from
afternoon to night is gradual as compared to sharp rising trend during forenoon
hours and winter season. The difference in temperature of March & April is about
4 C at each hour of the day and about 2 C for those of May indicating gradual
increase in temperature through the month of May. The days in the month of May
have about 6 hours of temperatures in excess of 40 C.

Thus
the
climate of Nagpur can be summarised has tropical wet and dry climate (Kppen
climate classification) with dry conditions prevailing for most of the year. It
receives an annual rainfall of 1,205 mm (47.44 inches) from monsoon rains
during June to September. The highest recorded daily rainfall was 304 mm on 14
July 1994.Summers are extremely hot, lasting from March to June, with May
being the hottest month. Winter lasts from November to January, during which
temperatures can drop below 10 C (50 F).The highest recorded temperature in
the city was 47.9C on May 22, 2013, while the lowest was 3.9 C

PART B
CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUE
According to a survey by ABP News-Ipsos, Nagpur has been identified as the best
city in India by topping the liveability, greenery, public transport, and health
care indices

The long term rainfall data analyses of Nagpur,

Ramtek, Katol, Parseoni,
Umred, Saoner
indicates that these talukas had faced medium
drought conditions in 13 to 20 % of the years. A
hydrogeology study was carried out for Nagpur
Metropolitan Region which includes Nagpur
Municipal Corporation Area, Cantonment Board
of Kamthi, two Municipal towns of Kamthi and
Kalmeshwar and 262 surrounding villages.
It was observed that ground water quality is
adversely affected by nitrate contamination in
various localities in eastern and southern part of
Nagpur City.
This zone is the end point for the entire municipal and domestic waste of the
City discharged through Nag Nadi. This indiscriminate discharge of liquid waste
in drain and on land, disposal of solid waste in land fill
sites without
hydrogeological consideration and microbial reaction in soil are contribution to
high level Nitrate at these places. Such indiscriminate discharge of liquid and
solid waste to Nag Nadi should be immediately stopped.
In rural areas also the ground water quality is mainly affected by nitrate as 46%
of samples are having high nitrate concentration. Continuous intake of high
nitrate concentration water causes infant methaemoglobinamea, popularly
known as Blue Babies disease. Thus all the wells used for water supply should
be first analysed for nitrate contents and if the nitrate content is found beyond
permissible limit the ground water may be used for other purposes than drinking.
Adequate sanitary protection to the wells may be provided to control the nitrate
contamination.
Study of ground water quality around Hingna and Kalmeshwar MIDC area has
revealed that contamination of ground water of phreatic zone has taken place
due to discharge of industrial effluents.

ACTION BY AUTHORITIES
Mass Awareness and Training Activities- M.A.P. and W.M.T.P.
Till March 2007, 2 MAP and 5 WMTP had been organised in the district of
Nagpur. The details are given in Table-11.

During
the
MAP
and
WMTP
at
various
places,
exhibitions
depicting rainwater harvesting model, various ground water related posters,
leaflets, literature and technical reports were displayed along with maps of
Nagpur district. The models, maps, posters were explained to the visitors in
details.
Recommendations for change by authority
Shallow aquifer of hard rock formations such as Archeans and Deccan traps can
be tapped by large-diameter open wells, and should be pierced to a total
thickness of weathered and jointed and vesicular units in favourable
hydrogeological and topographical areas. The dug-cum-borewells (DCB) may also
be constructed in favourable hydrogeological settings to tap the upper
weathered zones and lower
fractured and jointed formations. Gondwana, which forms the best aquifer in the
district, can be tapped through tubewells. Trap-covered-Gondwana is also to be
developed through borewells. The shallow Alluvium can be developed through
shallow tubewells
down to the depth of 25 to 30 mbgl. Artificial recharge methods like construction
of percolation tanks, contour bunding and nala bunding may be constructed in
large scale in noncommand areas so as to augment the groundwater recharge.
Such
structures are must in Narkhed and Katol talukas, where ground water
development is 83.74% and 98.53% respectively. Percolation tanks utilizing
surplus rainwater in hilly areas may be constructed to increase the seepage to
ground water especially in Narkhed, Kalmeshwar and Katol talukas. In the
Kalmeshwar and Hingna MIDC areas, the nalas carrying the industrial effluents
must be lined horizontally and vertically on both sides, so as to avoid
contamination of ground water. A final sewage treatment plant must take care of
all the sewages coming through the lined nalas before being disposed off in the
nearby rivers with proper check. A huge quantity of wastewater from the Nagpur
urban area and different industries surrounding the cities are being discharged to
the rivers, such as Nag Nadi, and its tributaries resulting in the pollution of
ground water as well as surface water. Hence, it is recommended that along with
lateral lining, bottom lining may also be provided to the channels to stop the
vertical
seepages. To prevent the Nitrate pollution in the Nagpur city and rural areas,
sanitary
protection around the borewells and dugwells may be done for larger diameter,
than being done at present. The Nitrate content of the ground water may be
determined before commissioning of the borewell/dugwell for public use. The
land fill sites must be selected carefully at places away from the habitation and
after giving due considerations to the hydrogeological settings. Due to
construction of cement road and various infrastructures the area available for
ground water recharge has been reduced drastically in urban areas. In view of
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this rooftop rain water harvesting practices are to be adopted in urban area, like
Nagpur City, to augment the recharge of ground water as the recharge is
becoming lesser and lesser day by day.

REFERENCE
http://imdnagpur.gov.in/Climate_NGP.pdf
http://indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/extreme%20events.pdf
http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/Nagpur%20dips%2012-13.pdf
http://www.unicef.org/india/Population_Demographics.pdf
http://itpi.org.in/pdfs/jul8_10.pdf
http://nagpurestate.wordpress.com/2007/09/02/nmc-report-pollution-level-onrise-in-nagpur/
http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Maharashtra/Nagpur.pdf

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