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Adequate sleep is important for general good mental and physical health,
and becomes critical for recovery after intensive workouts. Chronic overexertion
and fatigue can make the athlete susceptible to injury. (See Chapter 3, Part 2,
Restoration, Recovery, and Overtraining.)
D. Muscle Soreness
Shoes are the most critical piece of a track and eld athletes equipment and
should be individually and carefully selected. Proper tting shoes can mean the
difference between a low and a high risk of injury for a track and eld competitor.
Training in improperly tted shoes can result in chronic abnormal pressures to the
foot and cause stress injuries or structural deformities. Minor skin irritations such as
calluses and blisters can prove to be major hindrances to a runner. Improperly tted
or worn-out shoes can lead to mechanical disturbances and postural, muscular, and
joint dysfunctions.
The recent revolution in shoe research, design, and production has created a
plethora of shoes from which to choose. However, the athletes shoes must meet
the biomechanical requirements and adapt to the demands of the individuals event.
Shoe surveys can be useful in analysing the specic qualities of shock absorbency,
foot control, and exibility, but athletes and coaches must be aware that new shoe
models have produced new injury syndromes.
Field event implements must meet use and safety specications. Every member
of the sports team (coach, ofcial, sports medicine personnel, athlete) must be aware
of any hazardous eld situation where the eld event practices and competitions take
place, and take action to assure the highest level of safety. (See Chapter 2, Part 4,
Sports Rules and Athlete Safety.)
F. Psychological Factors
Athletes and coaches should take into account the temperature and humidity
during training, and the need to acclimate after travel to a different, extreme
climate or altitude. Extreme heat and humidity, cold, and altitude can adversely
affect performance in many athletic events (see Chapter 11, Environmental Factors
Affecting Human Performance). To avoid dehydration and the fatigue that can occur
from inadequate uid replenishment, athletes must drink extra water, juices, and
other uids (see Chapter 6, Part 1, Nutrition and Athlete Health). Athletes should
learn to drink before they feel thirstyby the time an individual is aware of thirst,
theyve lost 1% of their body weight; by 2% dehydration, the athlete may have
reduced his or her work capacity by 1015%. Assuring adequate water, and juices
or sports drinks, helps keep the participant energised, focused, and better able to
concentrate.
The health and safety of the athlete must be the number one priority in any
practice or competitive situation. If unsafe climatic conditions occur, training should
be curtailed, and practice or competition times re-scheduled to allow the safest
environment for all participants (see Chapter 2, Part 4, Sports Rules and Athlete
Safety).
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