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HA =
por tanto:
= 1+
10
10
= 1+
= A
10
10
= HA .
10
10
= + HnA = log 1 +
10
10
A-n
HnA
pKa/n
pH
logA-n
log Co -log(H)n/Ka] =
log Co - pKa + npH
log Co -log1+1= log Co 0.3
log Co - log1 = log Co
pH
(pKa/n)
(pKa/n)>> 1.5/n
DIAGRAMA HA/A
pKa
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1
-1.1
-1.2
-1.3
-1.4
-1.5
-1.6
-1.7
-1.8
-1.9
-2
-2.1
-2.2
-2.3
-2.4
-2.5
-2.6
-2.7
-2.8
-2.9
-3
-3.1
-3.2
-3.3
-3.4
-3.5
-3.6
-3.7
-3.8
-3.9
-4
-4.1
-4.2
-4.3
-4.4
-4.5
-4.6
-4.7
-4.8
-4.9
-5
-5.1
-5.2
-5.3
-5.4
-5.5
-5.6
-5.7
-5.8
-5.9
-6
-6.1
-6.2
-6.3
-6.4
-6.5
-6.6
-6.7
-6.8
-6.9
-7
-7.1
-7.2
-7.3
-7.4
-7.5
pH
10
11
12
log (i)
log Co
log [OH-]
log [A-]
log [H+]
log [HA]
13
14
Se observa que las lneas rectas son vlidas en un amplio intervalo del dominio en
pH por lo que puede trazarse rpidamente el diagrama con trazos de lneas rectas de
pendientes 1 y de coordenadas (pKd/n,log Co):
pKa = 5
pH
log Co=-1
log A-
log HA
log (i)
log H+
log OH-
H2 A
A2
pH
El trazo rpido del diagrama se elabora con sendas lneas rectas de pendientes 2
y de coordenadas (pKa/n,log Co):
pKa = 5
pH
log Co=-1
log A2-
log H2A
log OH-
log H+
log (i)
= + [];
Red
Redn
10
=
= 1+
Co
10
Ox
= Kr
Ox
10
=
= 1+
Co
10
por tanto:
= Red
= Ox .
= + Red = log 1 +
10
10
10
[] = + Ox = log 1 +
10
Oxz
pKr/n
pe
(pKr/n)
(pKr/n)>> 1.5/n
logOx
log Co -log(e-)n/Kr] =
log Co - pKr + npe
Log Co -log1+1= log Co 0.3
log Co - log1 = log Co
DIAGRAM0 A Red/Ox
ne=3; pKd = 15
pe
log (i)
log Co
0
-0.1
-0.2 0
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1
-1.1
-1.2
-1.3
-1.4
-1.5
-1.6
-1.7
-1.8
-1.9
-2
-2.1
-2.2
-2.3
-2.4
-2.5
-2.6
-2.7
-2.8
-2.9
-3
-3.1
-3.2
-3.3
-3.4
-3.5
-3.6
-3.7
-3.8
-3.9
-4
-4.1
-4.2
-4.3
-4.4
-4.5
-4.6
-4.7
-4.8
-4.9
-5
-5.1
-5.2
-5.3
-5.4
-5.5
-5.6
-5.7
-5.8
-5.9
-6
-6.1
-6.2
-6.3
-6.4
-6.5
-6.6
-6.7
-6.8
-6.9
-7
-7.1
-7.2
-7.3
-7.4
-7.5
10
loge-
logRed-n
logOx
Se observa que las lneas rectas son vlidas en un amplio intervalo del dominio en
pH por lo que puede trazarse rpidamente el diagrama con trazos de lneas rectas de
pendientes 3 y de coordenadas (pKr/n,log Co):
(pKr/n)
pe
log Co=-1
log [e-]
log [Ox]
log [i]
log [Red-3]
_________________________________________________________________________
= MLn + Mn+ ; =
MLn
por tanto:
MLn
10
=
= 1+
Co
10
MLn = MLn
Ox
M n+
10
=
= 1+
Co
10
M n+ = M .
= + MLn = log 1 +
[+] = + M = log 1 +
10
10
10
10
4
pL
log Co = -1
log [ML3]
log [M3+]
log [L-]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Bibliografa de apoyo:
A)
1.0
L. G. Silln
Graphic Presentation of Equilibrium Data
Treatise on Analytical Chemistry
Part I, Vol. I., Chap.8, I. M. Kolthoff and P. J. Elving Editors
Interscience, New York
1959.
2.0
J.N. Butler
Solubility and pH Calculations
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
1964.
3.0
4.0
Allen J.Bard
Equilibrio Qumico
Harper & Row Publishers Inc.
1970.
5.0
W. B. Genther
Chemical Equilibrium
Plenum
1975.
6.0
O. Budevsky
Graphical Methods for Construction of Titration Curves
Analytical Chemistry: Essays in Memory of Anders Ringbom, E. Wanninen Ed.
Pergamon, Oxford
1977.
7.0
8.0
E. Hogfeldt
Graphic Presentation of Equilibrium Data
Treatise on Analytical Chemistry
Part I, Vol. II., Chap.15, I. M. Kolthoff and P. J. Elving Editors.
Interscience, New York.
1984.
9.0
S. Vicente Perez
Qumica de las Disoluciones: Diagramas y Clculos Grficos
Editorial Alhambra.
1985.
Waters
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
M. Aguilar
Introduccin a los Equilibrios Inicos
Segunda Edicin
Editorial Revert.
1999.
14.0
Alejandro Baeza.
Qumica Analtica. Expresiones Grficas de las Reacciones Qumicas.
Editorial S. y G.
2006.
B)
1.0
2.0
Tabbutt F. D.
Titration Curves from Logarithmic Concentrations Diagrams
J. Chem. Educ. 43(1966)245-249.
3.0
Yingst A.
Evaluation of Titration Analysis with Logarithmic Concentration Diagrams
J. Chem. Educ. 44(1967)601-603.
4.0
Levie R. de
Ratio Diagrams. A simple graphical Representation of Complicated Equilibria
J. Chem. Educ. 47(1970)187-192.
5.0
Johansson A.
Logarithmic Diagrams and Gran-Curves as an Aid in Potentiometric Titrations
in Complexometry
Talanta 20(1973)89-102.
6.0
Wannine, E.
Logarithmic Diagrams in Acid-Base Titrations and Estimation of Titration Errors
Talanta 20(1980)29-32.
7.0
Johansson S.
Logarithmic Diagrams as an Aid in Complexometric Titrations where 1:2 or 2:1 as
Well as 1:1 Metal-Ligand Complexes are Regarded as Principal Species
Talanta 28(1981)241-249.
8.0
9.0
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS:
1.0
Elaborar sendos diagramas logartmicos para los pares donador/receptor abajo mostrados.
pKd
CH3COOH/CH3COOHF/FNH4+/NH3
Cr2O72-/CrO42H3Pir/Pir3fen-OH/fenOH3BO3/B(OH)4NaOH
HClO4
5.0
3.0
9.0
14.0
6.0
10.0
9.0
nivelada
nivelado
cido-base:
reductor-oxidante:
par conjugado donador/receptor
Fe(III)/Fe(II)
Ce(IV)/Ce(III)
As(V)/As(III)
I3- /IS4O62-/S2O32MnO4-/Mn2+
Cr2O72-/Cr3+
H2C2O4/CO2
CH3COOH/CH3CH2OH
E(ENH)
0.77v
1.44
0.56
0.54
0.09
1.51
1.33
-0.49
0.04
13.0
24.0
19.0
18.0
3.0
126.0
133.0
-16.0
3.0
complejo-metal:
2.0
pKd
10.6
8.7
12.0
9.0
Seleccionar dos mezclas de receptor1 y donador2 cuya q > 1 para los tres grupos de
reacciones y con sendos diagramas logartmicos calcular en condiciones iniciales
de equivalencia:
a) la concentracin de todas las especies al equilibrio
b) el pH, pe o pL de equilibrio.
c) la cuantitatividad , q%.
_________________________________________________________________________