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Outline
Riser slugging
Slugging in gas-lift wells
Slug control
Slug control at sgard A
Riser slugging
Riser slugging cyclic
unstable flow. Liquid
blockage at riser foot,
pressure build-up, blow out,
back-flow
Stabilized by feedback
control from subsea
pressure (Schmidt et.al.
1979)
Slugging
Tubing
val
Reservoir
_., ,.
Statoil
Multiphase Video I
Oil
Gas
lift
Gas in
Annulu :
Tubing
Reservoir
Multiphase Video II
Production (m /hour)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
8
Time (hour)
10
12
14
16
Gas- Lift
Wells
80
Production (m /h)
70
60
50
40
30
Stable Production
Unstable Production
20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
100-1000 MNOK/pipe?
well
100 MNOK/year/pipe?
0.5-2 MNOK/pipe?
1-3 MNOK/pipe?
Slug control
Objectives of slug control:
1. Improved regularity: stabile rater and redusert risiko for trip
2.
Available inputs:
fast topside choke (f.ex. < 3 min closing time)
Measurements:
subsea pressure transmitter (< 20 km away, time delay, etc)
Oil out
Gas in
Injection
valve
Reservoir
_., ,.
Statoil
Control
Pressure Setpoint
Structure
u On
choke
..... ...
Oil out
Gas in
Tubing
_., ,.
Statoil
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
v
a
l
v
e
Reservoir
_., ,.
Statoil
Shell Gas-Lift
Laboratory, Rijswijk, the
Netherlands
Reservoir
Valve and
Gas Injection
Pressure (bara)
10
15
20
Time (min)
25
30
35
15
20
Time (min)
25
30
35
Valve Opening
Opening (-)
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0
10
Productio
n
Production (kg/min)
3.2
3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2
1.8
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pressure (bara)
0
0
10
Time (min)
12
14
16
18
20
Downhole Pressure
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0
Model
Laboratory
5
10
Time (min)
15
20
25
QP-SP
FC
QP
Topside choke
is used for
control
uP
FT
PSe
Pp T
Topside
choke
Pi
QSub PT
uSub
Subsea
wells
PW
Inlet
separator
Riser
PB
Subsea
choke
Xoil
and
SF6
Riser
og
flere
rrstrekk
i PVC (gjennomsiktig)
slug types:
9 tetthetsmler,
6 gravity dominated,
hydro dynamic, transient
trykktransmittere Xoil, SF6.
Norskehavet
Heidrun
Norn
sgard A
e Heidrun
Norne
sgard
Tyrihans
Kristin
Statfjor
d
Nordsjen
Snorre
Gullfak
Statfjord C
s
Gullfaks C
Huldra
Huldra
Snorre B
Huldra
16 km long pipeline
P
T
sgard A test
separator
Possible slugging in
riser with typical
periode 30 minutes and
5-10 bar
variation in
manifold pressure
Well Q-2A
Possibl
e
sluggi
ng in
Downstream pressure
varies from 220-260
barg
Temperature topside
varies from 25-35 degrees
Controller
set point
Controlled pressure
downstream subsea
choke
Topside choke in
manual
Control of pressure
downstream subsea
choke
Control of
downstrea
m pressure
Pressure downstream
subsea choke varies
from 92-94 barg
Downstream pressure
varies from 220-250
Topside choke 20-70%
barg
Stability achieved
DHP starts to
oscillate
controller in auto
PC
sgard A test
separator
P
T
Q
template
P
T
16 km long pipeline
Well Q-2A
Even
better
Summary
Good results achived at several offshore installations from 2001 with simple PIcontrollers that control inlet (subsea) pressure and rate into receiving facilities
with topside choke simple and inexpensive solution
Qualified technology after more than 5 years in operation
Achives even rates and reduced pipeline pressure and improves regularity and
makes it possible to increase and prolonge production, since it then is possible to
operate closer to given constraints, f.ex. bubble point pressure, max sand free
rate, hydrate temp., etc.
Well: results indicate that it is possible to stabilize wells by control of the
downstream pressure with topside or subsea choke and a PI controller
Extended to handle other types of flow:
Start- up slugs