Reproduction

Prepared by: Nabeel Uddin

INTEGRATED SCIENCE

Types
Sexual
Asexual

Sexual Reproduction in plants

A

B
C

D
E

F
I

Structure

Funuction

Stigma

Anther

Filament

Style

Ovary

Ovule

Petal

Pollination

Definition
Transfer

of pollen from the anther to the stigma

Types of Pollination
Self

Pollination

SAME

Cross

PLANT

pollination

DIFFERENT

PLANT

What type of pollination is shown?

Wind vs. Insect pollinated Flowers

Wind Pollinated

Insect Pollinated

Odorless, no nectar

Sweet scented, produce nectar

Pollen grain: Smooth, small, light Pollen grain: Large, with sticky
weight
surface
Stigma is feathery

Stigma smooth and sticky

Stigma and anther outside of

flower

Stigma and anther inside flower

Wind/Insect pollinated?

Fertilization

Stigma is pollinated with pollen grains

A pollen tube grows down the style
Male nucleus passes down the pollen tube
Pollen tube enters ovary via micropyle
Male nucleus fuses with female nucleus in ovary
Ovule develops into the seed
Ovary develops into the fruit

Asexual reproduction in plants

1.Vegetative propagation
a

new plant grows from a vegetative part, usually a

stem, of the parent plant
New plant is a clone
E.g.

Runners, rhizomes

2. Grafting
In

grafting a piece of plant is grafted into a root stock

from another plant. After a while, they will grow
together.

Male Reproductive system

Function of Male reproductive parts

Structures/Parts
Scrotum
Testes-located
outside
body
temperature for sperm production)

Function
Holds the testes behind penis
(lower -produce male sex hormones-testosterone
-produce male sex cells-sperms

Epididymis (coiled tube above testes)

-stores sperm

Vas deferens/ sperm duct

-Transport sperm away from testes

Prostate gland

-produce fluid that serves as medium for

sperm to travel and provide nutrients.
Sperm + Fluid = semen

Seminal vesicle

-Seminal vesicles help nourish the sperm;

secretes fructose (any particular reason?)

Urethra

-Sperms exit the body via urethra

Female Reproductive System

Function of Female reproductive parts

Structures/Parts

Function

Ovaries
-two ovaries are present

-produce eggs
- produce oestrogen and progesterone

Fallopian tube/ Oviduct

-lined with cilia

-eggs are release in oviduct

- it is where fertilization takes place

Uterus / Womb

- Fertilized egg becomes implanted on walls

of uterus

Vagina

-it is the birth canal

-receives sperms
-allow vaginal discharge (during maturation)

Menstrual Cycle

Hormones in Menstrual Cycle

Oestrogen

Cause uterus lining to thicken with blood vessels before

ovulation

Progesterone
hormone keeps the lining of the walls thick and supplied
with blood, in case an egg is fertilized
If

egg is not fertilized, progesterone secretion stops.

The uterus lining breaks down. Menstruation then occurs.

Fertilization

Fertilization

Define fertilization
Comparison: How are gametes brought together in plants?
What feature of sperm cell allows it to carry out its function?

Development of embryo and foetus

placenta develops after implantation

It allows exchange of nutrients and waste products between
mother and embryo (without mixing of any blood)
umbilical cord connects baby to placenta (transport nutrients
and oxygen to fetus)
Embryo is surrounded by amnion filled with amniotic fluid.
This protects the baby

Amniotic sac

The amniotic sac is a thin membrane filled with

serous fluid enclosing the foetus

Childbirth

THE END