How the virus bypass the body's immune system?

Key words: virus, immune system

Body:
Virus is actually very complex. In its long evolutionary history, the virus is impossible
not to come up with point pattern against the immune system. The way virus
bypassing the body's immune system is nothing less than two categories, namely
active mode and passive mode.
First, the active mode
1. the most direct way is to kill immune cells, or a direct interference function of
immune cells. HIV is the most extreme example by attacking specific CD4 + T cells
to collapse the body's immune system.
2. interference antigen presentation

Immune cells often not directly recognize what is alien virus. Only antigen "report" to
the immune cells, immune cells can recognize this virus, and thus attack.
But some viruses can interfere with the process of this presentation, such as some
adenovirus and herpes virus interfering with MHC-I presentation. Other herpes
viruses, pox viruses can also interfere with MHC-II presentation.
3. interfere with apoptosis

After infection, human cells often initiate apoptosis. It can be understood as a suicide
way to prevent the spread of the virus to other cells while shouting for help, attracting
immune cells. However, Some adenovirus, poxvirus, herpes virus can rapidly kill
cells, and prevent apoptosis in a cytopathic manner.
4. Other

Including:
Interference complement function (herpes virus, poxvirus)
By means of MHC-I analogs inhibited NK cells (herpesvirus)
Interference and functions (adenovirus, herpes virus, poxvirus) cytokines
Interfere with or block the interferon-inducible protein kinase synthesis (adenovirus,
herpes virus, orthomyxovirus, picornavirus, reovirus, a number of retroviruses, etc.)

Second, passive mode

The next step is loved by all kinds of variation.
For example:
Antigenic drift: The influenza virus often changes its envelope surface of glycoprotein

in this way, resulting in causing changes in antigenic determinants and thus to avoid
the host immune.
Antigenic shift: When the different strains of influenza virus infect the same host, its

genome will exchange frequently, which lead to the immune system do not recognize
when the emergence of new antigens.
Molecular imitation: Some viruses, such as measles virus and CMV, will encode a

peptide chain so that they can bypass the immune system.

Virus disguised:

That is a very interesting mechanism. Some of the herpes virus can produce
substances like Fc receptor to combined with the immunoglobulin of host (that is,
antibody) , thus escape recognized by the immune system.