SOMA 2011

Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on

Mediterrean Archaeology, held at the University
of Catania 35 March 2011
VOLUME I
Edited by

Pietro Maria Militello

Hakan niz

Universit di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze

Umanistiche, Corso di laurea magistrale in
Archeologia, opzione internazionale

General Association of
Mediterranean Archaeology

Universit di Catania
Scuola di Specializzazione in
Beni Archeologici

Turkish Foundation for

Underwater Archaeology

BAR International Series 2695 (I)

2015

Published by
Archaeopress
Publishers of British Archaeological Reports
Gordon House
276 Banbury Road
Oxford OX2 7ED
England
bar@archaeopress.com
www.archaeopress.com

BAR S2695 (I)

SOMA 2011 Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Mediterrean Archaeology, held at the University of
Catania 35 March 2011
Archaeopress and the individual authors 2015

ISBN 978 1 4073 1342 9 (Volume I)

ISBN 978 1 4073 1343 6 (Volume II)
ISBN 978 1 4073 1344 3 (Set of both volumes)

Printed in England by Information Press, Oxford

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Table of Contents
Volume I
Preface

Part I Prehistory and Protohistory of Europe and Anatolia

General Topics

Exchanges Between Paleolithic Hunter-gatherer Groups

Neyir Kolankaya-Bostanci

Understanding Cross-cultural Communication in the European Bronze Age

Paulina Suchowska-Ducke

Anatolia

11
21

Early Bronze Age (ca. 3000-2000 BC) Mining Activities in Central Anatolia, Turkey
Derya Yilmaz

21

Observations on the Troy I Period in the Light of Recent Survey Finds from the Coastal Troad
Derya Yilmaz

27

From the Middle Danube to Anatolia: Contacts During the Second Millennium BC. a Case Study
Anca-Diana Popescu, Radu Bjenaru

35

Kitchen furniture in the second millennium BC: evidence from Salat Tepe
Tuba A. kse, Ahmet Grm, Gamze Kaynak

43

Remnants of Incantation Rituals from the Middle Bronze Age Settlement at Salat Tepe: an Ethnoarchaeological Approach 51
Tuba A. kse, Ahmet Grm, Tlin Bozkurt
Glass Trade in the Light of the Late Bronze Age Finds from Panaztepe
Nazli inardali-Karaaslan

59

A Group of Urartian Metal Finds from the Karaman Archaeological Museum

Makbule Ekici

65

Investigations in the aldiran Plain/Lake Van Basin: the Middle Iron Age
Aynur zfirat

71

Europe

81

Antique Bone and Antler Anvils Discovered in Romania

Corneliu Beldiman, Diana-Maria Sztancs

81

A Joint Consideration of the Lithic Industries of Shell Middens in Muge, Portugal, and the Coastal
Mediterranean Mesolithic Sites
Anabela Joaquinito, Nuno Ribeiro
Daily Life and Social Reconstruction of an Argaric Settlement at Pealosa (Baos de la Encina, Jan)
Juan Miguel Rivera Groennou, Eva Alarcn Garca

Greece

89
93
101

Archaeological Models and the Archaeology of Mesara (Crete) between the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age
Rosario Maria Anzalone

101

Reconstructing the Landscape of the Dead. Some Observations on the Minoan Funerary Space in the Agiopharango Valley 111
Sylviane Dderix
Some Eccentric Linear A Tablets from Ayia Triada
Pietro Militello

121

Studying Grey Ceramics in the Adriatic Area. A Preliminary Report

Eleonora Ballan

127

Protogeometric and Geometric Pottery from the Kos Early Iron Age Necropolis Revisited. Some Features of the
Local Ceramic Production
Maria Grazia Palmieri

135

Italy

143

Settlement Strategies and Territorial Organization: a Methodological Approach to the Sardinian Bronze Age Context
Francesca Cadeddu

143

Ceramic Ethnoarchaeometry in Western Sardinia: the Case of Oristano

Evanthia Tsantini, Giuseppe Montana, Miguel ngel Cau

155

Lyres in the Daunian Stelae: Towards a Better Understanding of Chordophones in the Mediterranean Iron Age
Raquel Jimnez Pasalodos, Placido Scardina

161

Sicily

175

An Analytical Study of Neolithic Combustion Structures in the Province of Messina

Francesca Cannizzaro, Maria Clara Martinelli

175

Material Culture and People. Some Methodological Remarks on the Study of Aeolian Middle Bronze Age
Settlement Contexts
Gianmarco Alberti

185

Oversea Lithic Exchanges Between the Aeolian Islands and Malta from an Inland Perspective: Preliminary Data
from a Late Neolithic Site in Licodia Eubea, Catania - Sicily
Damiano Bracchitta

197

Decorated Footed Bowls: Type, Distribution and Use

Valeria Grasso, Carla Maria Caterina Cirino

203

Creating Boundaries: Elaborate Tombs and Trade Goods in the Early Bronze Age Necropolis at Castelluccio (Sicily, Italy)
Anita Crispino, Massimo Cultraro

211

Dwelling in the Darkness: the Prehistoric Caves of the Hyblaean Mountains (Sicily)
Dalma Cultrera

217

An Early Bronze Age Settlement Near Ragusa

Francesco Cardinale, Giovanni Di Stefano, Milena Gusmano, Saverio Scerra

227

The Late Copper Age Phase in Rocchicella di Mineo: Preliminary Data

Ivana Vacirca

233

Innovation and Tradition in the Technology of Large Storage Jars from the Sicilian Middle Bronze Age
Carlo Veca

239

Piano dei Casazzi (Mineo, Catania). Data on the proto-historic inhabitation

Francescaromana Alberghina

249

Ceramic ethnoarchaeometry in Sicily: recent traditional productions as a tool for understanding past manufactures
Giuseppe Montana, Anna Maria Polito, Evanthia Tsantini

253

Use of Space in the Early Bronze Age on the Basis of Artefact Distribution: the Village of Coste Di Santa Febronia
Roberta Mentesana

259

Archaeology and Sciences

265

Gis, Geographical Models and Archaeology: a Case Study for Late Prehistory Populations (5500-550 Bc) on the
Ripoll River (Catalonia, Spain)
Maria Yubero Gmez

265

Technical and Typological Approaches to Bronze Age Worked Bone from Central Iberia. The Settlement of
Motilla del Azuer
Manuel Altamirano Garca

273

Birch Resin Not Only As Climate Marker. Integration Between Chemical And Paleobotanical Analysis In Sicilian Prehistory 285
Roberta Mentesana, Giuseppe De Benedetto, Girolamo Fiorentino

Part II History and Archaeology of the Classical World I

291

Archaeology Greece and the Mediterranean

293

Seeing the Attic Vase: Mediterranean Shapes from 635 to 300 B.C. The Beazley Data
Filippo Giudice, Rossano Scicolone, Sebastiano Luca Tata

293

The Walled Towns of Thesprotia: from the Hellenistic Foundation to the Roman Destruction
Marco Moderato

313

Ionian Sanctuaries and the Mediterranean World in the 7th Century B.C.
Kenan Eren

321

ii

Stoabouleuterion? Some Observations on the Agora of Mantinea

Oriana Silia Cannistraci

Archaeology The East

329
335

Two Fragmentary Sarcophagi from Aphrodisias in Caria: Imported Sculptors in the City of Sculpture?
Esen Ogus

335

Hellenistic and Roman Pottery of Zengibar Kalesi (Isaura Nova?): from the South Necropolis Survey
Zafer Korkmaz, Osman Doanay

349

Some Archaeological Material from Seydiehir

Asuman Baldiran

361

Archaeological Survey in Aksaray (Cappadocia): a Preliminary Report

Mehmet Tekocak

379

Ancient Monuments between Research and Development: the Theatre of Kyme (Turkey)
Stefania Mancuso

391

The Agora Basilica, Smyrna

Burak Yolaan

399

Archaeological Excavations at Istanbuls Lake Kucukcekmece2010

Hakan Oniz, Sengul Aydingun, Emre Guldogan

407

Excavations in Ancient Smyrna

Akin Ersoy, Glten elik

411

The Cult of Zeus in Lykaonia

Asuman Baldiran

417

Hierapolis of Phrygia: a Roman imperial pottery deposit (US 274) found in the Northern Necropoli (Atlante di
Hierapolis, foglio 18)
Dario Sergio Corritore

421

Kyme of Aeolis. Excavations in the Necropolis (2007-2008): Preliminary Data

Fabrizio Sudano

431

A Grave Dated to the Late- and Sub-Geometric Period at Mengefe

Makbule Ekici

435

Archaeology The West and Africa

439

Beyond Aleria. Local Processes and Tyrrhenian Connections in the Early Corsican Iron Age (8Th5Th Centuries Bc)
Marine Lechenault
Genesis and Development of the First Complex Societies in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula During the
First Iron Age (7th-6th Centuries BC). The Sant Jaume Complex (Alcanar, Catalonia)
David Garcia i Rubert, Isabel Moreno Martnez, Francisco Gracia Alonso, Laia Font Valentn, Marta Mateu
Sagu

439

445

Phoenicians in the Azores, Myth or Reality?

Nuno Ribeiro, Anabela Joaquinito, Srgio Pereira

453

The Roman uilla of Sa Mesquida: A rural settlement on the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)
Catalina Mas Florit, Bartomeu Vallori Mrquez, Patricia Murrieta Flore, Mara Jos Rivas Antequera,
Miguel ngel Cau Ontivero

461

Lamps From the Anonymous Temple of the Main Decumanus at Leptis Magna
Veronica Riso

467

New Data on the Roman Wall Paintings of Leptis Magna. A Preliminary Report
Giuseppe Cinquemani

475

The Coin Hoard from Misurata: the Container

Francesca Trapani

483

Archaeology Sicily and Italy

495

Francavilla Marittima: a Contextual Analysis of Male Burials in the Necropolis of Macchiabate (9Th-6Th Century BC)
Claudia Speciale

495

The Fortified Settlement at Mura Pregne: an Indigenous Site Close to the Greek chora of Himera
Calogero Maria Bongiorno

507

Licodia Eubea-Style: Some Remark

Marco Camera

511

iii

Recent Discoveries at the Sanctuary of the Divine Palikoi

Laura Maniscalco, Brian E. McConnell

517

Rock Architecture and Some Colonial and Indigenous Centres: the Case of Leontinoi and Montagna Di Ramacca (Ct)
Maria Nicotra, Giuseppina Gisella Lidia Verde

523

The Necropoleis of Gela: Updated Researches and Topographical Observation

Marina Congiu

529

A Sanctuary of Apollo (Re)discovered in Sicily? Archaeological Evidence, Topography and Historical Source
Francesca Buscemi

535

Elite and Society in a Settlement in the Sicilian Hinterland: a New Interpretation of Some Funerary
Assemblages from the Monte Castellazzo Necropolis Near Marianopoli
Rosalba Panvini
A Female Clay Bust from the Artemis Well in Syracuse
Mario Cottonaro

543
557

Material Culture as an Indicator of Adoption and Resistance in the Cross-Craft and Cultural Interactions Among
Greek and Indigenous Communities in Southern Italy: Loom Weights and Cooking Ware in Pre-Roman Lucania
Alessandro Quercia, Lin Foxhall
Archaeological Analysis of Roman Naval Warfare in Iberia During the Second Punic War
Eduard Ble Gimeno
Sailing Towards the West: Trade and Traders on the Routes Between the Iberian Peninsula and Campania
Between the 2nd Century BC and the 1st Century AD
Michele Stefanile

563
575

585

Roman Period Theatres in Sicily: a Structuralist Approach

Zeynep Aktre

593

A Fish-Processing Plant in Milazzo (ME) During the 1st Imperial Age

Annunziata Oll

603

Some Observations On The Road Network Through The Peloritani Region, North-Eastern Sicily
Anna Lisa Palazzo

609

Volume II
Part III History and Archaeology of the Classical World II

615

Iconography and Artistic Production

617

The Mosaic of the Sages from Lyrbe / Seleukeia

Nazl Yildirim

617

Some Remarks on the Iconography of Hermes Kriophoros in Magna Graecia and Sicily in the 5th Century BC
Ambra Pace

627

The Origins of the lorica segmentata

Marco Conti

633

Handmade Terracotta Figurines: Subjects Of Daily Life

Vanessa Chillemi

639

Hellenistic Plastic Vases in Sicily: Some Reflection

Alessandra Granata

651

Between Myth and History: Mediterranean Funerary Monuments in the 4th Century BC
Alessandro Poggio

657

Archaeology of Gesture and Relics: Early Signs of the Sacred In Veii

Laura Maria Russo

661

History

677

The Dionysus Cult in Antioch

nan Yama

677

Economy and Institutions in Ancient Greek Proverbs. A Contribution on Trade and Taxation
Carmela Raccuia

685

Attic Weights and the Economy of Athen

Mario Trabucco

691

iv

Sitodosia, euerghesia and emporia: Some Examples from Sicily

Elena Santagati

695

Greeks and Sikels in the Hyblaean Area: an Historical Interpretation of the Epigraphic Evidence in the
Chalcidian Hinterland
Nella Sudano

699

Reconstructing Aspects of pre-Roman History, Political Organization, Religion and Trading Contacts of Greek
Colonies of Thracia Pontica: the Case of Histria and Kallati
Maria Girtzi

709

The Role of Professional Associations in the Romanization Process of the Western Provinces. A Study Proposal
Ilenia Gradante

717

The Eastern Mediterranean in the Greek Anthroponymy of Roman Hispania: the Case of Aegyptu
Pedro Marques

723

In the Land West of the Euphrates: the Parthians in the Roman Empire
Leonardo Gregoratti

731

The Ecclesia Dei in Early Christian Inscriptions: Bishops, Presbyters and Deacons in Sicily
Giuseppe Falzone

737

The Two Agorai of the Piraeus: Literary, Epigraphic and Archaeological Source
Valentina Consoli

749

From Earthquake to Archaeological Rediscovery: Two Unpublished Epigraphs from the Aquila Province
Carla Ciccozzi, Alessandra Granata, Walter Grossi

757

Numismatic

763

Water Fauna and Sicilian Coins from the Greek Period

Mariangela Puglisi

763

Coinage and Indigenous Populations in Central Sicily

Lavinia Sole

779

Greek and Hellenistic Coins in the Central Adriatic Apennines Between the 5th and 2nd Centuries BC
Maria Cristina Mancini

789

Coins in Messapia: Research and New Perspective

Valeria G. Camilleri, Paola dAngela, Valeria R. Maci, Stefania Montanaro, Lorenzo Rinaudo,
Giuseppe Sarcinelli, Aldo Siciliano, Adriana Travaglini

793

The Six Emperors Coin Hoard from the Bay of Camarina

Giovanni Di Stefano, Giuseppe Guzzetta, Viviana Lo Monaco, Maria Agata Vicari Sottosanti

805

Archaeology and Sciences

809

Trapeza: A Computer Approach to the Study of Domestic Pottery in Greek Sicily

Alessandra Cilio

809

Punic Amphorae from Entella (Sicily): Archaeometric Characterisation of This Possible Consumption Centre
Giuseppe Montana, Anna Maria Polito, Mariella Quartararo

815

Physical And Chemical Causes of Deterioration in Excavated Gla

Ceren Baykan

825

Some Archaeological and Archeometric Observations on Two Amphorae from the Venice Lagoon
Iwona Modrzewska, Giancarlo Taroni, Franco Pianetti

837

Part IV Byzantine and Medieval Archaeology and History, Museography, Historiography

847

Byzantine and Medieval Anatolia

849

Byzantine Bronze Coins Found in Anatolia and Their Circulation

Zeliha Demirel Gkalp

849

An Early Byzantine Graveyard Area in Ankara

Ayse Fatma Erol

857

Stoneworks with Animal Motifs Along the Mediterranean Coast of Anatolia During the Byzantine Period
Ferda nengt, Pinar Serdar

865

The Usage of the Golden Ratio in East Mediterranean Early Byzantine Churche
Sener Yildirim

871

The Contribution of Women in the Construction and Decoration of Churches in the Holy Land
Lihi Habas

881

The BeinYelli Madrasah

Kadir Pekta

895

Ta (Stone) Madrasah The Akehir Archaeological Museum

Melda Arca Yaln

901

Some Medieval Glazed Wares Uncovered from the Archaeological Excavations at Alanya Castle, Southern Turkey
Sema Bilici

911

The 18th-Century Saliha Sultan Tomb

Bilge Karaz

915

Mediterranean Ships in the Russian Medieval Written and Graphic Tradition

Petr Sorokin

919

Some Seljukid Tiles Uncovered from the Archaeologcal Excavatons at Alyye Castle, Southern Turkey
Leyla Ylmaz

925

Italy, Sicily and the Mediterranean

929

Urban Topography in the Adriatic Italic Area: the Cult of S. Lorenzo in the Middle Age
Carmen Soria

929

Late Medieval Pilgrim Ampullae from Southern Apulia. An Indicator of Long-Distance Pilgrimage or Local Shrines?
Marco Leo Imperiale

937

Typological Analysis of a Cooking Ware Vessel for the Dating of Medieval and Post-Medieval Archaeological
Contexts in Salento
Patricia Caprino

941

The Serapieion and the Church of St. Pancratius in Taormina. The Building from Antiquity to the Middle Age
Leonardo Fuduli

945

Importation and Trade of African Pottery in the Ancient Ecclesia Carinensis During the Late Roman Age
Emma Vitale

959

Production and Circulation of Palermitan Amphorae in the Medieval Mediterranean

Fabiola Ardizzone

963

Agrigento between Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Dynamics of Transformation in the Area of the Early
Christian Cemetery from the 3rd to the 11th Centuries A.D.
Giuseppina Cipriano

975

Vandals in the Mediterranean: a Problematical Presence

Vincenzo Aiello

987

Vandals in the Mediterranean: Sicily and its Role

Elena Caliri

991

Vandals in the Mediterranean: the Monetary System

Daniele Castrizio

997

The Settlement in the District of Grammena-Valcorrente Near Belpasso (Ct) between Late Antiquity and the
Early Middle Ages
Elisa Bonacini, Maria Turco, Lucia Arcifa

1001

Qui eadem aqua utuntur. A Late Antique and Early Byzantine Village in Rural Calamonaci (Agrigento, Sicily)
Maria Concetta Parello, Annalisa Amico

1011

The Dump of Burgio: the Kiln Wastes of the First Pottery Workshops (16th-17th Centuries A.D.) in the Garella District
Maria Concetta Parello

1019

Interdisciplinary Study of a Rupestrian Site Differently Utilized from 5Th-6th to 14th Centuries (South-East Sicily)
Noemi Billeci, Lorella Pellegrino, Giacomo Caruso, Francesco Paolo Mancuso, Franco Palla

1025

Marble Production and Marble Trade Along the Mediterranean Coast in the Early Byzantine Period
(5th-6th centuries AD): the Data from Quarries, Shipwrecks and Monument
Elena Flavia Castagnino Berlinghieri, Andrea Paribeni
Medieval Byzantine Shipwrecks in the Eastern Adriatic
Vesna Zmai

1033
1043

Museums, Historiography, Enhancement

1051

The Archaeological Museum of Thassos: the New Permanent Exhibition

Dimitria Malamidou, Zisis Bonias, Konstantinos Galanaki

1051

Ancient Sardinia on the Move

Barbara Costa

1063

vi

From the Universal Museum to the Public Museum: the Role of Archaeological Finds in Palermo Between the
18th and 19th Century
Rosanna Equizzi

1075

The Legend of Mount Nemrud: Commagene Kingdom 3D Reconstruction of the Archaeological Remains of the
Holy Sanctuary on Mount Nemrud
Ahmet Denker, Hakan Oni z

1081

Some Examples of Traditional Housing from the Village of Eskikizilelma and the Aktopraklik Hyk Excavations, Bursa
Abdullah Deveci

vii

1089

Anatolia
Early Bronze Age (ca. 3000-2000 BC) Mining Activities
in Central Anatolia, Turkey
Derya Ylmaz

anakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Archaeology, anakkale-Turkey
(Figs. 10-11), weaving tools, and ingots.8 Besides these, there
are some metal pieces of unknown function. Religious artifacts
consist of idols, figurines, and cult items.9 Musical instruments,
i.e. metal sistra and castanets, suggest that music was extremely
important in religious ceremonies.10 Weapon types and tools
include flat axes, crescentic axeheads, shaft-hole axes, halberds,
spearheads, daggers, long daggers, swords, maceheads, razors/
knives, chisels, perforators, tweezers, sewing needles, hooks,
fishing hooks, harpoons, and spindles.11 The local weapons
were used together with Mesopotamian, Syrian and Palestinian
weapon types. Ornaments are varied and the most characteristic
types are hammer-headed pins, double spiral-headed pins, rollheaded pins double ball-headed pins, bird-headed pins, pyramidheaded pins, global-headed toggle pins, flange-headed pin,
vase-headed pins, shell-lunate earrings, ring-shaped earrings,
basket-shaped earrings, crescent-shaped earrings, bracelets,
finger rings, anklets, dress and belt ornaments, global, ovaid,
cone, disc-shaped necklace beads, long thin beads with end
nodose, earplugs, combs, buckles and hair ornaments, torques,
diadems, quadruple spiral beads and plates12. The most common
form of metal vessels are ring based beakers, basket handled
spouted teapots, omphalos pans, omphalos bowls, pan/mirror,
ladle, footed goblets, Syrian bottles, cups, vases and beak-spouted
pitchers.13 There are small numbers of furniture fragments of cast
sheet metal.14

Introduction
In this study, Early Bronze Age mining activities in central
Anatolia are pres212121ented based on data concerning main
types of metal works, find places, mineral deposits and local
workshops. Types of artifacts, quantity and diversity of minerals,
point out that central Anatolian people had an advanced mining
technology during the Early Bronze Age.
Discussion
There are rich mineral deposits which were used by prehistoric
miners in northern central Anatolia.1 Metal artifacts dating to
EBA I are very few. In central Anatolia there are some metal
finds of native copper, dated to the beginning of the EBA I.2
However, the presence of tin bronze examples are noteworthy in
terms of metal processing. Most of the first type of metal artifact
began to appear in EBA II and metal production increased in the
region over the period. In the whole region, metal artifacts are
large in number by EBA III. Crucibles and moulds, discovered in
the region, prove the existence of local workshops.3 From south
to north findspots of metals are gradually increasing in number
(Fig. 1). This is probably linked to the spread of mineral deposits
and the gradual presence of workshops towards the north. It is
considered that the presence of regional metal schools began to
emerge at the beginning of the EBA II in the region.4

Conclusion

According to the results of the analysis it can be assumed

that natural arsenical copper was used in the whole region. In
addition, tin-bronze was used in the northern part of the region
at the beginning of EBA.5 The varieties of metals in EBA II and
III illustrate the development of regional mining.6 Most of the
metal finds discussed in this study are either from hoards or from
graves. The majority of metal works were produced for the royal
families. The distribution of varied metal objects made of gold,
silver, lead, unalloyed copper, arsenical-copper, tin-bronze, and
meteoric iron demonstrate that in central Anatolia craftmen were
expert in metal working.7 It is known that varied techniques such
as forging, casting, soldering, inlaying, riveting, and plating were
used by miners.

Advanced metal technology was introduced into central Anatolia

towards the end of EBA III. In the area between Anatolia and
Mesopotamia most of the finds were spread as a result of cultural
relations. The metal types indicate some similarities of western
Anatolian and Mesopotamian origin. However, central Anatolian
miners also created regional original works. Mining played an
important role in the Early Bronze Age economy of the region
judging by the number of artifacts. In particular, many metal
8

Esin 1969: 43.

zg and Akok 1958: 17-19; Ark 1937: CXC-CCV; Bilgi 2004:
52-55.
10
Koay 1951: pl. CXXVI; zg and Akok 1958: pl. VII, 3 5; pl. XII.
11
Przeworski 1939: 50; Stronach 1957: 93, 95, 107, 110, 113, 118, 121,
122; Bilgi 1984: figs. 8 15; Anlaan and Bilgi 1989: 17, 18, 33, 34, 46,
48, 49, 75, 76, 77, 83, 98; zg and Akok 1958: 16-17; Koay 1951:pl.
CXCVII.1; Ark 1937: CCLXXV; Esin 1969: 43; Bilgi 2001: 93; Bilgi
2004: 48-51; Yldrm 2006: figs. 14 15.
12
Ark 1937: CLXVII, CLXXVII, CLXXXI, CCXLI, CCXLVII,
CCXLIX, CCLI; von der Osten 1937: 193 198; Bilgi 1984: figs. 1618; zg and Temizer 1993: 614; zg 1986: 42 43; Esin 1998: 112;
Muscarella 2003: 280 281; Maxwell-Hyslop 1971: 42 47; Yldrm 2006:
fig. 17.
13
zg and Akok 1958: 8-13; Ark 1937: CLXIX, CLXXI, CCXXXI,
Al. 1083, CCXXXV; Koay 1951: Pl. CXXXI-CXXXIII; CLXXV
CLXXIX; zg and Temizer 1993: 618, 620; Esin 1969: 90-91;
Yldrm 2006: fig. 13.
14
zg and Akok 1958: 8 9, 20 21; Esin 1960: 91.
9

The main metal groups include cult objects (Figs. 2-9), weapons
and tools (Figs. 12-18), vessels (Figs. 30-39), ornaments (Figs.
19-29), seals, furniture fragments (Fig. 40), musical instruments
1
Jesus 1980: maps 13-15; Mller-Karpe 1994: Abb. 1; Wagner and
ztunal 2000: 50-52.
2
Jesus 1980: 127; Yakar 1984: 65.
3
Alkm et al. 2003: 25, pl. XVI,13; Mller-Karpe 1994: 43, taf. 11. 8,
33. 1, 37. 4.
4
Yakar 1984: 77 78.
5
Jesus 1980: 127; Yakar 1984, 65; Belli 2004: 15.
6
Yakar 1985: 29-34.
7
Yaln 2008: 15 25; Ylmaz 2010:142 146.

21

SOMA 2011
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Yakar, J. (1984) Regional and Local Schools of Metalwork in
Early Bronze Age Anatolia, Part I. Anatolian Studies, XXXIV,
59 86.
Yakar, J. (1985) Regional and Local Schools of Metalwork in
Early Bronze Age Anatolia, Part II. Anatolian Studies, XXXV,
25 38.
Yaln, . (2008) Ancient Metallurgy in Anatolia. IN: .
Yaln, H. zbal, A. G. Paamehmetolu eds., International
Conference AMITEM Ancient Mining in Turkey and the
Eastern Mediterranean, (Ed.), Atlm University Turkey
Historical Research Applications and Research Center
Publications, Ankara, 15 40.
Yener, K. A. (2000) Domestication of Metals, The Rise of
Complex Metal Industries in Anatolia, Brill, Leiden.
Yldrm, T. (2006) An Early Bronze Age Cemetery at Resulolu,
Near Uurluda, orum. A Preliminary Report of the
Archaeological Work Carried Out Between Years 2003-2005.
Anatolia Antiqua, XIV, 1 14.
Ylmaz, D. (2010) M.. III. Binde Bat ve Orta Anadolu Kltrel
likileri (Cultural Relations of Western and Central Anatolia
During the Third Millennium B.C.), Unpublished PhD Thesis,
Ankara niversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstits.
Zimmermann, T. and Yldrm, T.( 2008) Three Best to have
in Plenty-Rethinking Central Anatolian Early Bronze
Age Alloying Traditions. IN: . Yaln, H. zbal, A. G.
Paamehmetolu eds., International Conference AMITEM
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(Ed.), Atlm University Turkey Historical Research
Applications and Research Center Publications, Ankara, 87
97.

works demonstrate the presence of local workshops in northern

central Anatolia. Recent studies in mineral deposits have yielded
important results about prehistoric mining such as Gltepe,
Kestel, and Derektn.15 In addition, production places of
metal finds should be linked to studies on regional source
analyses. In recent years analysis of some metal works indicate
the existence of new alloys that are uknown to us and this will
mean reassessing our knowledge of central Anatolian mining in
the light of new archaeometric methods.16
Acknowledgment
This study was prepared with the support of project (2010/178
COMU-BAP) funded by anakkale Onsekiz Mart University.
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15
16

Yener 2000: 71 95; Wagner and ztunal 2000: 50.

Yaln 2008: 25 26; Zimmermann and Yldrm 2008: 87 91.

22

Derya Ylmaz: Early Bronze age (ca. 3000-2000 BC) Mining Activities

Fig.1: Anatolia map showing EBA findspots of metal objects

23

SOMA 2011

24

Derya Ylmaz: Early Bronze age (ca. 3000-2000 BC) Mining Activities

25