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MINISTRY OF MANPOWER

OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA


Placement and Protection
of Indonesian Overseas Workers
delivered by:
Sri Setiawati
Directorate of Overseas Manpower Placement
Directorate General of Manpower Development Placement
The 5th ADBI-OECD-ILO Roundtable on Labour Migration in Asia
Shanghai, 28 30 January 2015
The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the
Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they
represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any
consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Introduction
Legal Basis
Placement Mechanism of IOWs
IOWs Profile
Challenges
Solutions

1. Introduction

STATISTIC S OF INDONESIAN WORKFORCE


Working
WORKFORCE
118,19 (66,90%)
<Elementary: 53,91 (45,61%)
Junior High : 22,14 (18,73%)
Senior High : 19,77 (16,73%)
Working Age
Population
Age > 15th
176,66 Mill

Vocational : 11,25 (9,52%)


DIPLOMA

: 3,11 (2,63%)

UNDERGRADUATE: 8,01 (6,78%)

Non-WORKFORCE
58,47 (33,10%)

Resources: BPS, Official News Statistic November 2013

112,80 (93,68%)
Farmer
: 41,20 (36,52%)
Industry
: 14,21 (12,60%)
Construction : 6,10 (5,41%)
Commerce : 24,02 (21,29%)
Transportation : 5,20 (4,61%)
Finance
: 2,78 (2,47%)
Services
: 17,37 (15,40%)
Others
: 1,92 (1,70%)
<Elementary: 55,51 (49,20%)
Junior High : 20,29 (17,99%)
Senior High : 17,20 (15,25%)
Vocational : 9,43 (8,36%)
DIPLOMA
: 3,12 (2,77%)
UNDERGRADUATE: 7,25 (6,43%)
Open Unemployment
7,61 (6,32%)
<Elementary : 2,13 (27,99%)
Junior High : 1,72 (22,60%)
High School : 1,98 (26,01%)
Vocational : 0,99 (13,01%)
DIPLOMA
: 0,25 (3,29%)
UNDERGRADUATE : 0,54 (7,01%)

Full Employment
(>34 Hr/wk)
77,25 (68,48%)
Half
Unemployment
Half Employmet

14,87 (41,83%)

(<34 Hr/wk)
35,55 (31,52%)
Part Time
20,68 (58,17%)

International Migration from Indonesia


1970

The beginning of labour migration from Indonesia to Malaysia and


Saudi Arabia

1980

Government policy on placement of migrant workers was


introduced by the Ministry of Labour (domestic workers as
temporary measures)

2004

2007

The Act of RI Number 39 Year 2004 on Placement and Protection of


Indonesian Migrant Workers Abroad was enacted
Establishment of National Board on Placement and Protection of
Indonesian Overseas Workers

2012

The Government had ratified International Convention on Protection


of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families

2012

The Parliament initiates the revision of Act of RI Number 39 Year


2004 to be in line with the related international conventions

Push Factors and Destination Countries


ASIA PACIFIC
1. Unemployment
2. Lack of Job
Opportunity
3. Difference in
Global/Regional
Economic Growth
4. Development of
information and
Transportation
Technology
5. Right to Work
Abroad

MIDDLE EAST

EUROPE
AND
AMERICA

AFRICA

1. Malaysia
2. Singapore
3. Hong Kong,
China
4. Japan

1.
2.
3.
4.

5. Australia
6. Taipei,China
7. Republic of
Korea
8. Brunei
Darussalam

Saudi Arabia
Yemen
Kuwait
Jordania

5. UAE
6. Bahrain
7. Oman
8. Qatar

1. USA
2. European Union
3. UK
1. Egypt
2. South Africa
3. Libya

2. Legal Basis
1. Act Number 13 Year 2003 concerning Manpower.
2. Law Number 39 Year 2004 on Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers
Abroad.
3. Law Number 21 Year 2007 on the Crime Prevention of Trafficking in Persons.
4. Presidential Regulation. 81 Year 2006 on the Establishment of BNP2TKI.
5. Gov. Regulation Number 38 Year 2007 regarding the Division of Government Affairs
between the Government, Provincial Government and Regency / City.
6. Gov. Regulation Number 3 Year 2012 regarding the Protection of Indonesian Overseas
Workers
7. Gov. Regulation Number 4 Year 2013 concerning Procedure of Indonesian workers
Placement by Government.
8. Gov. Regulation Number 5 Year 2013 concerning Procedure of Assessment and
Establishment of Agencies and Private Employers
9. Gov. Regulation Number 33 Year 2013 concerning Labour Market Expanstion
10. Ministerial Decree 07/MEN/V/2010 about Indonesia Overseas Worker Insurance
11. Ministerial Decree Number 22 Year 2015 on the Implementation of the Placement
and Protection of migrant workers abroad.
12. Ministerial Decree 16/MEN/IX/2012 on Repatriation of Indonesian Worker Individually.

3. Placement Mechanism of IOWs


REPORT to INDONESIAN
MISSION
To COD
INDONESIAN PRIVATE AGENCIES
DISTRICT/CITY
OFFICE

MEDICAL

PDT, &
Signing LC

TRAINING
DOC PROCESS

SKILL
SERTIFICATION

PDT: Pre Departure Training


LC : Labour Contract
21

Proposed Mechanism : One Roof Service


KBRI/KJRI

Job order/Demand letter


Legalization of WC Draft
Draft placement agreement
Indonesian recruitment agencies

BNP2TKI

BNP2TKI
Issuance Recruitment Permit

Pre Departure Training &


Working Contract Signing
Insurance
e-KTKLN

Indonesian Agencies

Working Visa

District/city Office
Kab/Kota
Dissemination

Registration of candidates
Selection
Signing Placement
Agreement
Passport Recommendation

Medical & Psychological


Test
Training

CTKI

Competence certification

Pre Employment Insurance


IMIGRATION
PASPORT

One Roof Service


9

Government
Act 39/2005,
Article 94

Indonesia Private
Agency

IOWs Placement
Institution
Internal Corporate
Transfer

Professional Workers

Numbers of IOWs, 2010-2014


Nu

COD

ASIA PASIFIC AND


AMERIKA

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

344.05

336.358

360.402

365.991

318.273

MIDDLE EAST

516.036

213.222

125.174

135.502

97.993

EUROPE AND
AFRIKA

37.222

10.62

10.135

9.531

860.086

586.802

496.196

511.628

425.797

TOTAL
Source: Ministry of Manpower

IOWs by Sector, 2011-2014

TAHUN

2011

2012

2013

2014

FORMAL

266.156

259.554

226.806

243.543

INFORMAL

320.272

236.639

284.822

182.254

Source: Ministry of Manpower

IOWs by Gender, 2011 - 2014

TAHUN

2011

2012

2013

2014

WOMEN

376.317

280.378

276.620

243512

MAN
TAHUN

210.111
2011

215.815
2012

235.008
2013

182.285
2014

64%

57%

54%

57%

43%

46%

43%

WOMEN

Source: Ministry of Manpower

MAN

36%

IOWs by Country of Destination, 2014


COUNTRIES
Malaysia

NUMBER OF IOWs
1,309,480

Singapore

125,000

Brunei Darussalam

75,552

Hong Kong, China

149,837

Taipei,China

227,000

Republic of Korea
Saudi Arabia :

36,699

Jeddah

530,229

Riyadh

120,219

UEA

35,363

Qatar

38,000

Oman Bahrain

20,118

Yordania

1,900

Suriah

5,276

Kuwait

7,878
Total

2,682,561

Placement of IOWs Overseas


21
TKI Formal
: 412 Org
Domestic Worker : 30 Org

TKI Formal
: 296 Org
Domestic Worker : 7 Org

72

TKI Formal
: 1.197 Org
Domestic Worker :
8 Org

23

TKI Formal
: 1.306 Org
Domestic Worker : 113 Org

TKI Formal
: 6.545 Org
Domestic Worker :
43 Org

TKI Formal
: 2.914 Org
Domestic Worker :
24 Org

Rekapitulasi Data Penempatan


Tahun 2011 s/d 31 Oktober 2012

67
TKI Formal
: 203 Org
Domestic Worker : 6 Org

71

TKI Formal
: 442 Org
Domestic Worker : 3 Org

TKI Formal
: 916 Org
Domestic Worker : 9 Org

66

68

TKI Formal
: 803 Org
Domestic Worker : 4 Org

TKI Formal
: 25.857 Org
Domestic Worker :
170 Org

69
64

70

NEGARA PENEMPATAN

FORMAL

TOTAL

DOMESTIC
WORKER

73

A. ASIA PASIFIC
1

Malaysia

222,362

20,504

242,866

2
3
4
5
6

Taipei,China

36,621

109,732

Hong Kong, China


Singapore
United States of America
Republic of Korea

3,991
17,506
25,857
22,897

85,619
64,475
170
160

146,353
89,610
81,981
26,027
23,057

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Brunei Darussalam

17,795

3,897

5,276
2,582
1,831
1,348
1,118
1,103
261
932

36
19
18
4
9
14
697
7

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Papua New Guinea

926

Viet Nam
New Zealand
Peru
Timor Leste
Russia
New Zealand
Canada
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Myanmar
Lao PDR
Papua New Guinea
Chile
Other

713
594
579
548
471
466
412
339
335
301
208
156
112
398

10
1
3
0
12
2
30
5
4
0
1
23
2
13

Japan
Peoples Republic of China
Thailand
Fiji Islands
Australia
Maldives
Macao, China
India

JUMLAH
B. MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
31 Saudi Arabia

368,038

285,473

45,082

124,274

169,356

11,008

57,099

5,419
1,331
797
1,652
293
2,329
1,969
1,967
1,183
1,089

28,061
13,120
8,931
3,063
3,937
12
47
2
4
11

68,107
33,480
14,451
9,728
4,715
4,230
2,341
2,016
1,969
1,187
1,100

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

United Arab Emirates

43
44
45
46
47
48
49

Trinidad and Tobago

952

Uruguay
Brazil
Nigeria
Cyprus
Egypt
Iraq
Democratic Republic of the
Congo
Angola
Mauritania
Jordan
Senegal
Morocco
Republic of Seychelles
South Yemen
Colombia
Ghana
Tunisia
Iran
Argentina
Other

835
832
771
754
707
338

9
2
3
17
51
11

324

274
234
60
195
181
151
119
124
124
121
116
101
1,573

2
0
147
0
1
12
11
4
1
2
2
0
62

83,005

238,900

325
276
234
207
195
182
163
130
128
125
123
118
101
1,635
321,905

6,545
2,914
1,197
916
1,306
803
508
442
296
259
203
803
130

43
24
8
9
113
4
2
3
7
1
6
46
1

6,588
2,938
1,205
925
1,419
807
510
445
303
260
209
849
131

50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63

Qatar
Oman
Bahrain
Kuwait
Syria
South Africa
Turkey
Algeria
Mauritius
Africa

JUMLAH
C. EUROPE
64 Italy
65 Spain
66 Netherland
67 Germany
68 UK
69 Switzerland
70 Portugal
71 France
72 Denmark
73 Malta
74 Greece
75 Other
76 Norway

61

33
32
31

TKI Formal
: 3.991 Org
Domestic Worker : 85.619 Org

3
27

15

25

TKI Formal
:
Domestic Worker :

208 Org
1 Org

1.831 Org
18 Org

24

TKI Formal
: 339 Org
Domestic Worker :
5 Org

713 Org
10 Org

13

TKI Formal
:
Domestic Worker :

17

TKI Formal
: 335 Org
Domestic Worker :
4 Org

TKI Formal
: 119 Org
Domestic Worker : 11 Org

TKI Formal
:
Domestic Worker :

10

TKI Formal
: 932 Org
Domestic Worker :
7 Org
TKI Formal
: 1.331 Org
Domestic Worker : 13.120 Org

TKI Formal
: 36.621 Org
Domestic Worker : 109.732 Org

14

26

TKI Formal
: 11.008 Org
Domestic Worker : 57.099 Org

34

59 46

TKI Formal
: 17.795 Org
Domestic Worker : 3.897 Org

TKI Formal
: 771 Org
Domestic Worker : 3 Org

TKI Formal
: 324 Org
Domestic Worker :
1 Org

TKI Formal
: 156 Org
Domestic Worker : 23 Org

50

TKI Formal
: 1.103 Org
Domestic Worker :
14 Org

TKI Formal
: 222.362 Org
Domestic Worker : 20.504 Org

28

TKI Formal
: 1 Org
Domestic Worker : 0 Org

TKI Formal
: 17.506 Org
Domestic Worker : 64.475 Org

TKI Formal
: 579 Org
Domestic Worker :
3 Org

19

301 Org
0 Org

TKI Formal
: 5.419 Org
Domestic Worker : 28.061 Org

TKI Formal
: 952 Org
Domestic Worker :
1 Org

TKI Formal
: 124 Org
Domestic Worker : 4 Org

TKI Formal
: 261 Org
Domestic Worker : 697 Org

TKI Formal
:
Domestic Worker :

57

TKI Formal
: 124 Org
Domestic Worker : 1 Org

58

TKI Formal
:
797 Org
Domestic Worker : 8.931 Org

54

TKI Formal
: 195 Org
Domestic Worker : 0 Org

43

36

48

TKI Formal
: 45.082 Org
Domestic Worker : 124.274 Org

TKI Formal
: 1.652 Org
Domestic Worker : 3.063 Org

TKI Formal
: 116 Org
Domestic Worker : 2 Org

52

TKI Formal
: 2.582 Org
Domestic Worker :
19 Org

338 Org
11 Org

35

TKI Formal
: 707 Org
Domestic Worker : 51 Org

TKI Formal
: 234 Org
Domestic Worker : 0 Org

49

53

TKI Formal
: 259 Org
Domestic Worker : 1 Org

TKI Formal
: 121 Org
Domestic Worker : 2 Org

21,692
5,312
2,601
1,849
1,352
1,127
1,117
958
939
932
723
595
582
548
483
468
442
344
339
301
209
179
114
411
653,511

55

TKI Formal
: 181 Org
Domestic Worker : 1 Org

TKI Formal
:
Domestic Worker :

37

47

60

TKI Formal
: 1.967 Org
Domestic Worker :
2 Org

TKI Formal
: 22.897 Org
Domestic Worker :
160 Org

TKI Formal
: 60 Org
Domestic Worker : 147 Org

39
40

TKI Formal
: 5.276 Org
Domestic Worker :
36 Org

TKI Formal
: 293 Org
Domestic Worker : 3.937 Org

74

65

TKI Formal
: 508 Org
Domestic Worker :
2 Org

TKI Formal
: 1.969 Org
Domestic Worker : 47 Org

TKI Formal
: 754 Org
Domestic Worker : 17 Org

JUMLAH
NO.

TKI Formal
: 471 Org
Domestic Worker : 12 Org

76

TKI Formal
: 130 Org
Domestic Worker : 1 Org

45

TKI Formal
: 832 Org
Domestic Worker :
2 Org

TKI Formal
: 274 Org
Domestic Worker :
2 Org

56

51

TKI Formal
: 151 Org
Domestic Worker : 12 Org

TKI Formal
: 548 Org
Domestic Worker : 0 Org

1
6

20

1
1

TKI Formal
: 926 Org
Domestic Worker :
6 Org

953
844
834
774
771
758
349

41

TKI Formal
: 1.348 Org
Domestic Worker :
4 Org
TKI Formal
: 1.183 Org
Domestic Worker :
4 Org

42
29

TKI Formal
: 1.089 Org
Domestic Worker :
11 Org
TKI Formal
: 112 Org
Domestic Worker :
2 Org

44

38

TKI Formal
: 2.329 Org
Domestic Worker :
12 Org

1
2
TKI Formal
: 1.118 Org
Domestic Worker :
9 Org

TKI Formal
: 466 Org
Domestic Worker :
2 Org

TKI Formal
: 835 Org
Domestic Worker : 9 Org

22
62
TKI Formal
: 101 Org
Domestic Worker : 0 Org

TKI Formal
: 594 Org
Domestic Worker :
1 Org

Source: MoMT Republic of Indonesia


(Tahun 2011 s.d 31 Oktober 2012)

1
8

5. Challenges

IOWs Cases, 2014


Nu

TYPES OF CASES

Wage Problems

47.50 %

Physical Abuses

9.93 %

Sexual Harassment

3.99 %

Over Loaded Work

10.01 %

Negative Behavior of Employer

14.26 %

Working Without LC

0.16 %

Home Sick

2.35 %

Disharmony with Employer

0.39 %

Sick

11.41 %

IOWs Remittances, 2010-2014


(in millions US$)
TAHUN

TOTAL
REMITANSI

2010

6,74

2011

6,73

2012

7,02

2013

7,41

2014

7,73

Source: Central of Indonesia Bank

6. Solutions
Strengthening national legislations and
institutional framework.
Improving inter-agency coordination and policy
implementation
Enhancing protection efforts by Indonesian
Missions abroad.

Thank You

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