Gallico

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Gama

B4 belongs to him.
Hayyim Benvenisti
quotes Gallico's responsa in his "Keneset ba
Gedolah." Gallico wrote homiletic-allegorical commentaries on Ecclesiastes (published during the author's lifetime, Venice, 1577), on Esther (Venice,
1583), and on Soul'' of .Songs (Venice, L587).

sponsum No.

Bibliography

Michael. <>r

ha-Hamrim,

p. 223,

No. 474

Shem ha-Gedolim, >. 28, No. 208; Stelnscl

BodJ. col. 968; Fuenn, Kenesei 1'ism.l. p. 186.

Azu-

Cat.

ider,

lai.

M. Nil.

K.

GALLICO, SAMUEL:

Italian

Talmudist and

and seventeenth eenlie was a pupil of Moses Cordovero and the

turies.
teacher oi Menahem Azariah di Fano.
Gallico was
cabalist; lived in the sixteenth

the compiler of "''Asis Rimmonim," consisting id'

extracts from Cordovero's "Pardes Rimmonim,"
with notes by Mordecai Dato (Venice, 1601). This

work was afterward revised by Fano. who added a

commentary entitled "Pelah ha-Rimmon," and by
Mordecai b. Jacob, whose commentary is entitled
" Pa'amon we-Rimmon."
Bibliography:
Iln.ll.

Furst,

Bibl.Jud.i. ait; Steinscl

M.

K.

GALLIPOLI
town

Cat.

Ider,

ml. 2225.

(the ancient Callipolis)

Si

Seaport

European Turkey, at the northeast end of

the Dardanelles and about 135 miles from Constanin

It has a population of about 20,000, of

1,200 are Jews.
The latter probably lived in
Gallipoli from the first centuries of Byzantine rule.
About 1162 Benjamin of Tudela found in the town

tinople.

whom

200 Jews,
Elia

who had

Kapid and

yeshibah under the care of R.

R. Shabbethai Zutra.

Jews of

Gallipoli arc government

employees. The Spanish vice consul and nearly all
the dragomans are Jews, who are also represented
in Dearly every commercial and mechanical pursuit.

The

There are many Jewish families in the neighborhood

of Gallipoli, especially at Lampsacus, on the opposite Asiatic shore, at Charkeui, ami elsewhere.
BlBl ioi.k u-uv
Benjamin of Tudela, Masna'ot
tioniHiiri d'Histoire <t di Gtugraphie.
:

oative costume is dow giving way to the EuroAmong the antiquities of the city are the old
pean
cemetery, a marble basin set up in 1670 by a certain
Johanan Halio, the above-mentioned copy of the
commentary on the Bible by Levi ben Gershom, the
Megillab of Saragossa, ami many old manuscripts.

Dezobry, Die-

d.

M. Pk.
one or
more upright posls supporting a cross beam, and
used for executing those sentenced to death by hang-

GALLOWS: A

framework

((insisting of

[n the Hebrew Bible JJJ (= " tree "i is the word

used for " gallows " (Gen. xl. 19; Dent. sxi. 22 Josh.
viii. 29, x. 26; Esth. ii. 23, v. 14, vi. 4>.
The "tree "or
gallows erected by Hainan, and upon which he himself died, is described as fifty cubits high (Esth. vii.
Kb probably it was a stake on which the culprit
was impaled (see Haley, "Esther," pp. 122 et seq.),
corresponding to the " zekifa " of the later Hebrew
(comp. Meg. Kib; B. M. 83b), which was certainly a
simple slake. In Ihe Mishuah (Sanh. vi. :!) the gallows
is described as in two parts
mip, 'he upright, which

ing

'.I.

was firmly fixed

beam

verse

the ground; and VJ?, the trans(irv J'OO in the commentaries), from
in

which the condemned was suspended by the hands.

This contrivance was not employed to kill by strangulation.
According to R. Jose, the post must not
be fixed in the ground, but must be rested obliquely
against a wall, and be buried immediately with the
body of tike- executed. The consensus of authorities
does not favor .lose's interpretation of the law, but
holds that the gallows may rest in the ground,
though it must not be permanently fixed, a new post
being creeled on each occasion (see CRUCIFIXION).
E. G.

The Ottoman

Turks, wdio acquired Gallipoli in 1365, protected

the community, according to their custom.
In 146!)
there lived at Gallipoli a. rabbi named Daniel bar
Hananiah, whose manuscript of the Bible commentary of Levi bin Gershoni has been preserved.
In
1112 a great number of Spanish exiles found refuge
in Gallipoli, and several families bearing the name of
'
Saragoss " still celebrate a " Purim of Saragossa " in
the month of Heshwan. The Ben Habib family
of Portugal is said to have furnished Gallipoli with
eighteen chief rabbis, the most prominent of them
being Jacob ibn Habib, the author of the "'En Ya'a
kob." In 1853 Hadji Hasdai Varon represented
France, Italy, Austria, Portugal, Denmark, and lie
1'nited Stales as consular agent.
Gallipoli has two
synagogues, one built in 1721 and rebuilt in 1852;
the other is quite recent.
It has also a Jewish
school containing 250 boys, as well as six benevolent
The
societies.
imunity is administered by a
council of ten; its revenue comes mostly from laves
on kasher meat, w ines, and heads of families.
Hay
vim Franco, a native of Melas, has been chief rabbi
since Januarj
1903
Several of the

5S6

GALLUS, CAIUS CESTIUS

II.

Consul "suffect-

us"in42c.K.

Pliny ("Historia Naturalis," wxiv.

Aci.e., "retired consul."
cording loa dubious passage in Tacitus ("Annates,"
xv. 25), he was appointed successor to Corbulo as
legate of Syria (63); but his coins elate only from
the years 65 and 66 (Mionnet, v. 169, No. 189; SupWhen the Jewish war
plement, Nos. 100. 191).
broke out in the twelfth yearof Emperor Nero (Oct.,
65-66 see Josephus, "Ant." xx. 11. ^
Gallus was
already governor ("B. J." Preface, 7; ib. ii. 14,
Gallus appears to have been favorably inSs' 3, 4).
48) calls him "consularis,"

clined toward the

Jews ("B.

J."

ii.

14.

I,

3).

When

Florus left Jerusalem and his troops were

defeated, Gallus (Josephus, "Vita,"
5), the officer
holding the highest military command
Actions
in that region, had to take action
During the Opposing ambassadors from Florus
War.
and from the Jews had already apGallus, however,
peared before him.
did not at once intervene with arms, but sent
his tribune Neapolitanus to Jerusalem, who. to
gether with Agrippa II
vainly tried to quiet the
When hostilities actupeople ("B .l.'ii 16, j t).
ally commcnei d Gallus advanced from Antioch upon
s'

Along theseacoast heexecuted a hi

ly
vengeance on the Jews, burning the city Chabulon
io the ground, killing 8,000 Jews in Jaffa, and arriving during the Feast of Tabernacles al I.vlda.
which was almost forsaken by iis inhabitants, lb'
Palestine.

pitched his camp in Gabao (Gibcon); but even here

he was violently attacked by the. lews from Jerusalem and came very near being completely defeated