CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS

WITH EXAMPLES

What is Capacitors ?

Capacitors are electronic components that stores

charge efficiently.

They can be charged and discharged very quickly

and hold their charge indefinitely

Structure of capacitor
capacitors are made from two parallel metal plates
Separated by an insulator called a dielectric

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DIELECTRIC
A dielectric material is a substance that is poor
Conductor of electricity.

Charging a capacitor
In a circuit capacitor plate closest to the negative
Terminal of the battery is stacked with electrons
(negative charges)
The opposite plate becomes positively
Charged.
There is no movement of charge between the
Plates as they are insulated by the dielectric.

Capacitance

The capacitance can be define as the area of the

plates and the distance between them.

Three factors determine capacitance

The area of the plates.

The distance separating the plates.
The properties of dielectric.

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NETWORKS OF CAPACITOR
Capacitors In Parallel
When both of the terminals are respectively
Connected to each terminal of other capacitor
then it is called parallel capacitor.

Capacitor In series

Capacitor are said to be connected in series when

they are joined end to end.

CHARGING AND DISCHARGING

CAPACITOR
Charging a capacitor

As a capacitor charges the voltage increases to the

supply voltage.

voltage

Time

Discharging a Capacitor

The voltage across the plates of the capacitor drops

as the charges flow away from the plate.

WHAT IS AN INDUCOR ?

A passive electronic component that stores energy in

the form of a magnetic field.

Consist of a wire loop or coil.

FUNCTION OF AN
INDUCTOR

Used to store such amount of current

which is flowing in the circuit and later
releases the electrical energy to the
circuit whenLoading
the source of power is
removed.

HOW INDUCTORS WORK

As the electric current produces a concentrated

magnetic field around the coil, the field flux equates
to a storage of energy representing the kinetic
motion of the electrons through the coil. The more
current in the coil, the stronger the magnetic field
will be, and the more energy in the inductor will be
store.

UNIT OF INDUCTOR

UNIT

Induced (electromotive force)

e= -L di/dt
L= inductance in henry
di/dt = rate of change of current

Henry(H)

TYPES OF INDUCTORS

There are some types of inductors:

1)Air core inductors

2)Iron core inductors

3)Ferrite core inductors

AIR CORE INDUCTORS

In radio frequency applications where very low

values of inductance is required air core inductors
are generally used there. Air core inductors consist
of a few turns of wire wound on a hollow former.
Former made up of plastic or ceramic.

IRON CORE INDUCTOR

An iron core inductor is an inductor which usually

consist of a coil of conducting material typically
insulated copper wire wrapped around a core either
of plastic or ferromagnetic this type of inductor is
known as iron core inductor.

FERRITE CORE INDUCTORS

For high frequency application

Core
ferrite
an insulator having

high permeability.
Ferrite
hard, dense ceramics

Made of ferric oxide + metal oxides

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
CAPACITOR AND INDUCTOR

An inductor and capacitor are both devices that

stores energy.
However inductor store energy in magnetic field
while capacitor stores energy in an electric field.
Capacitor is open circuit for DC while inductors are
short circuit for DC.