CONSTIPATION

CREATED BY :
DIAN ISMAYANTI GOZALI
(131420129840032)
INTERMEDIATE 3

BACHELOR OF NURSING 5B
HARAPAN BANGSA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCE
PURWOKERTO
2015

INTRODUCTION
I choose Constipation to this paper because constipation is to much cases in the
people. The purpose of this paper is to :
1. Peoples know definition of constipation
2. Peoples know types of constipation
3. Peoples know causes of constipation
4. Peoples know sign and symptoms of constipation
5. Peoples know effects of constipation
6. Peoples know treatment and prevention of constipation

A. Definition
Constipation is a condition of the digestive system. The sufferer has hard feces that
are difficult to expel. In most cases, this accurs because the colon has absorbed too much
of the water from the food that is in the colon.
The slower the food moves through the digestive tract, the more water the colon
will absorb from food. Consequently, the feces become dry and hard. Defecation can
become very painful, and in some serious cases there may be symptoms of bowel
obstruction.
B. Types
Constipation is non-communicable.
C. Causes
a. Not going to the toilet when you feel the urge to
There can be many reasons for this. Perhaps we are not at home and would
prefer to wait till we get back. It is suprising how many people never open their

bowels in the toilets at work or at school. Others may be too busy to go, while some
people dont because of emotional stress.
b. Not drinking enough water
Experts say that if you already have constipation, drinking more liquids might
not relieve it. However, if you regulary drink plenty of water you are less likely to
become constipated. If you tend to suffer regulary from constipation you should
seriously consider increasing your consumption of water. Many sodas, alcohol and
containing caffeine may cause dehydration and worsen your constipation.

c. Pregnancy
Pregnancy brings about hormonal changes which can make a woman more
susceptible to constipation. Also, the uterus may compress the intestine, slowing
down the passage of the food.
d. The sufferer is too physicaly inactive. This is especially the case if the person is
elderly.
Somebody has had to lie down in bed for long time, perhaps for several days or
weeks, his/her risk of heaving constipations because that physical activity keeps our
metabolism high, making most things in our bodies happen more rapidly.
D. Sign and Symptoms
a. Few bowel movements
b. Trouble having a bowel movement (straining)
c. Hard or small stools
d. A sense that everything didnt come out
e. Swollen abdomen or abdominal pain
f. Vomiting
E. Effects
a. Hypertension arterial
b. Hemoroid
c. Megakolon
F. Treatment and Prevention
a. Diet and lifestyle changes
a) Increase fiber intake
Adding fiber to your diet increase the weight of your stool and speeds its passage
through your intestine. Slowly begin to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables each

day. Choose wholegrain breads and cereals. In general, aim for 14 grams of fiber
for every 1.000 calories in your daily diet.
b) Exercise most days of the week
Physical activity increases muscle activity in your intestines. Try to fit in exercise
most days of the week.
c) Dont ignore the urge to have a bowel movement
b. Medications
Medications that draw water into your intestine. The prescription medications
lubiprostone and linaclotide.
c. Laxative
a. Fiber supplements
b. Stool softener

CONCLUSION
Constipation is a condition who the suferrer can not defecation and the feces is hard.
Constipation is non-communicable. The causes is Not going to the toilet when you feel the
urge to, not drinking enough water, pregnancy, and the sufferer is too physicaly inactive.
Sign and Symptoms the constipation is few bowel movements, trouble having a bowel
movement (straining), hard or small stools, a sense that everything didnt come out, swollen
abdomen or abdominal pain, and vomiting, to treatment and preventif the constipation is diet,
lifestyle change, medications, and laxative.

REFERENCES
Feldman M, et al. Sleisenger & Fordtrans Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease :
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 9th at Philadelphia, Pa : Saunders
Elsevier ; 2010. http:/www.clinicaly.com. Accessed November 19, 2015.
Constipation.

National

Digestive

Diseases

Information

http:/digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/constipation/index.aspx.
November 19, 2015.

Clearinghouse.
Accessed