FRQ:

- Historical American immigration patterns (including eras & peak

periods) and contemporary trends (including unauthorized
immigration)
- Historical & contemporary examples of Economic, environmental, and
political push and pull factors.
Historical
Economic
Push: African American lived in the south part of the US migrated to the
east and west coast when mechanization happened since there was few
job opportunity.
Pull: The US, as a new world had a lot of job opportunities so Europeans
migrated to US from 17th century to early 20th century.
Environmental
Push: Due to the poor technology, people lived in Sahel region of Africa
had to leave their home because of the drought condition
Pull: Start from 1950, Americans started to move southward because of
the warm weather.
Political
Push: During the World War 2, Jewish people were hunted down by Nazi, so
they ran away from home to other countries.
Pull: A more democratic policy that gives people better lives had attracted
Europeans to migrate to the US from 17th to early 20th
Contemporary
Economic
Push: It is hard to earn too much money in rural areas so people go to
urban areas for a better job
Pull: Petroleum producing countries have a lot of job opportunities
Environmental
Push: Big cities have a bad air condition which make rich people want to
settle in a place with better air quality.
Pull: The US has relatively loose space than China, so people want to buy a
house there.
Political
Push: The policy in China has limited the amount of babies each family can
have. People who want more would go abroad.
Pull: The US has a better education system that attracts students from all
over the world to come to pursue education.

Emigrant
Immigrant
Urban
Rural

Suburban

International migration pattern

- 9%of the worlds population
- 3 largest migrants:
Asia to Europe
Asia to North America
Latin America to North America
- Global pattern: developing countries to developed countries
- USA has the most foreign-born residents
- Australia and Canada have higher rates of net in-migration
- Highest rate ---- petroleum-exporting countries in southwest Asia
Internal migration
- Distance decay
- Interregional ---- from one place to another
Intraregional ---- within one place
Chain migration
- Same nationality
Step migration
- Distant destination
- move destination
- Intervening obstacles
Environmental features: mountains, desert, ocean
Political features: documentation
3 main immigration in the U.S.
1. Colonial settlement (17th century ---18th century / 1600---1700)
Europe
Prior to 1820
90% British
Voluntary migrant
Africa
Slaves
Forced migrants
2. Mass European immigration (mid 19th --- early 20th / 1820---1920)
90% from Europe (peak)
1840s-1850s: Ireland & Germany
3/4 of all US immigrants
1870s: Ireland & Germany
Civil war
1880s: Scandinavia (Norway & Sweden)
- Germany sent the most immigrants
1/4 of the Americans can trace back to Germany
- People left home during their countries were in stage 2
Interregional migration of US
- Opening of the American west
- Population center moves to the west