5.section-Xi Interim Report On Geotechnical Investigation

HINDUJA NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED
INTERIM REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

FOR
2 X 520 MW VIZAG THERMAL POWER PROJECT
AT
VIZAG, ANDRA PRADESH
INTERIM REPORT
SEPTEMBER - 2010
BY
DBM
DBM GEOTECHNICS AND CONSTRUCTIONS PVT. LTD.

B-301, Centaur House, 3rd Floor, Shantinagar Industrial Estate,
Vakola, Santacruz (E), Mumbai- 400 055
2746/bhel/dbm/drg/4075
Date: 27/09/2010
To,
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
Power Sector Eastern Region,
DJ-9/1, Sector II, Salt Lake City,
Kolkata 700 091
Kind Attn.:
Mr. Aloke Mondal

/
General Manager
/
(Civil Works, Pur & Cont)
Mr. Debajyoti Saha

AGM (SCT)
Sub: Interim Report on Geotechnical Investigation for 2 x 520 MW VIZAG Thermal

Power Project at Vizag, Andra Pradesh.
For Hinduja National Power Corporation Limited (HNPCL)
Ref.: LOI No. PSER:SCT:VIZ:C1113:10:LOI:2306, dated 20th July, 2010.
Dear Sir
With reference to the above mentioned subject, we are pleased to submit
herewith the Interim Report on Geotechnical Investigation. Please find the same in
order.
Thanking you and assuring the best services in all the times.
Yours faithfully
for DBM Geotechnics & Constructions Pvt. Ltd.
Vinita Wajge
Geotechnical Engineer
Encl.: As above
For any clarifications on report following personnel

may be contacted
Mr. Jaydeep Wagh (Geotechnical Consultant)
Ph. No. 022-24448985 Mobile No. 9820094574
Mrs. Vinita Wajge (Geotechnical Engineer)
Ph. No. 022-67042336-40 Mobile No. 9819870130
INTERIM GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT (SEPTEMBER 2010)

2x520 MW HNPCL/ VIZAG THERMAL POWER PROJECT
AT VIZAG, ANDHRA PRADESH
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED (BHEL)
Table of Contents
Item
Page
1.0
INTRODUCTION
2.0
EXPLORATION PROGRAM
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.0
FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.0
Exploration Scope
Site Approach
Subsurface Conditions
Ground Water Table
Foundation Protection
Lateral Earth Pressure
Floor Slabs/ Pavements
Structural Fill/ Site Grading
METHODOLOGY OF FIELD WORK AND LABORATORY TESTS

3.1
Field Work
3.2
Laboratory Tests
References/Calculations
ANNEXURES
Location Plan of Borehole
Borehole Logs
Laboratory Test Results
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
9
10
10
11
12
INTERIM GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT (SEPTEMBER 2010)

2x520 MW HNPCL/ VIZAG THERMAL POWER PROJECT
AT VIZAG, ANDHRA PRADESH
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED (BHEL)
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Hinduja National Power Corporation Limited (HNPCL), plans construction of 2 x 520

MW Vizag Thermal Power Project at Vizag in Andhra Pradesh. Bharat Heavy Electricals
Ltd., (BHEL) have undertaken the construction work of this project. BHEL awarded the
work of geotechnical investigation to DBM Geotechnics and Constructions Pvt.
Ltd.,(DBM) Mumbai. The field work and laboratory testing work for the geotechnical
investigation are currently in progress. This interim report presents results of the
geotechnical investigation completed till date along with foundation recommendations for the
proposed plant.
2.0 EXPLORATION PROGRAM
2.1 Exploration Scope
The scope of work to be completed at this site is summarized below:

a) Completing Eighty Five boreholes at the site. Eleven boreholes (BH1 to BH-11) are
completed till date.
b) Completing Eighteen Trial Pits (TP)
c) Conducting Eleven Plate Load Tests (PLT)
d) Conducting Four Cyclic Plate Load Tests (CPLT)
e) Conducting Fifteen Dynamic Cone Penetration Tests (DCPT)
f) Conducting Thirty Five Electrical Resistivity Tests (ERT)
g) Conducting Ten Field Permeability Tests by Constant Head, Falling Head or Packer
Method
h) Conducting Three Cross Hole Tests
i) Conducting Four Pressuremeter Tests (PMT)
j) Conducting Seismic Refraction Tests
k) Performing Laboratory Tests on selected Soil and Rock samples.
l) Conducting chemical analysis of ground water and soil samples from boreholes
m) Preparing and submitting Geotechnical Investigation Report alongwith foundation
recommendation.
2
The locations of the boreholes, completed till date are illustrated on the Location Plan in
Annexure, and summarized below in Table A.
TABLE A
BOREHOLE LOCATIONS, COORDINATES AND GROUND LEVELS
CO-ORDINATES
2.2
BORE
HOLE
NO.
GROUND
LEVEL
(m)
BH -1
BH-2
BH-3
BH-4
BH-5
BH-6
BH-7
BH-8
BH-9
BH-10
BH-11
5.228
5.318
5.343
5.601
5.893
5.410
5.430
8.850
13.805
9.465
16.005
1943094
1943175
1943062
1943232
1943206
1943170
1943118
1943092
1943058
1943214
1943110
726868
726934
726968
727009
727034
727028
727044
727069
727067
727095
727146
BORE HOLE
TERMINATION
DEPTH
BELOW
GROUND
LEVEL(m)
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
Site Approach
At the coast of Bay of Bengal, the site is located near village of Pavalavasa, approximately
22.5km southwest of Vizag, in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.
2.3 Subsurface Conditions

Subsurface profile generally consists of residual soils overlying completely weathered
bedrock underlain by granite bedrock. Encountered soil/rock layers are described in detail
below;
LAYER I: RESIDUAL SOILS

Residual soils, consisting mostly of reddish or yellowish brown sand or silty sand, were
encountered directly at ground surface. This layer is formed by complete in place
disintegration to texture of soil. Based on SPT Tests, relative densities of the granular soils
(sand) within this layer, ranged between medium dense to dense. Intermittent layers of clay
or silt were encountered between the sand layers. Consistency of clay/ silt was typically
hard. The lower boundary of this layer is encountered at depths between 20.50m and
32.50m below ground level.
LAYER II: COMPLETELY WEATHERED BEDROCK

Completely weathered bedrock was encountered below residual soil layer, in all boreholes
except borehole BH-3. This layer is formed by complete in-place disintegration of parent
bedrock material, but still partially retains the original rock mass structure. SPT conducted in
this layer encountered refusals, indicating very dense relative densities. Core recoveries
were typically less than 10 percent. The lower boundary of this layer was encountered at
depths varying between 26.5m and 33.5m below ground surface. Bore holes BH-9, BH-10
and BH-11 were terminated in this layer at a depth of 35.0m below ground level.
4
LAYER III: GRANITE BEDROCK

Yellowish brown or Pink Granite bedrock was encountered at depths typically between
26.5m and 33.5m below ground surface. The bedrock was typically highly weathered. A
layer of Black Phyllitic Slate was encountered at 34.0m depth in borehole BH-8. Core
Recoveries in the bedrock varied between 11 and 57 percent, while Rock Quality
Designations (RQDs) varied between 0 and 12 percent. Rock compressive strengths as
the point load index varies between 4.88 kg/cm2 and 40.09 kg/cm2. Rock compressive
strengths as determined by unconfined compression tests ranged between 280 kg/cm2 and
529 kg/cm2. The boreholes were terminated in the bedrock at a depth of 35.0m below
ground surface.
2.4 Ground water Levels
Groundwater accumulation in boreholes was measured during and after completion of

drilling activities. Groundwater was observed at depths between 1.3m and 12.8m below
ground surface in the boreholes. Seasonal and annual fluctuations in ground water levels
can be expected to occur.
3.0
FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS
Proposed main plant should be supported on bored cast in situ piles. Proposed pile
termination depths and corresponding allowable pile capacities with planned finished
ground or formation level of +8.0m for few representative pile sizes are given in Table B
below.
Total settlement of a single pile installed in accordance with Table B below will be less than
12mm. Allowable lateral capacity of each pile can be conservatively taken as 0.017D1.6
tons (where D is pile diameter in cms). Depth of fixity can be taken as 17 D0.8 below pile
cap.
TABLE-B
SAFE ALLOWABLE CAPACITIES FOR BORED PILES
Pile
Pile termination depth
Vertical Downward Uplift Pile
diamet below finished ground level Pile Capacity (tons) Capacity
er (mm)
(+8.0m R.L.)(m)
(tons)
450
20
25
4D socketing in *CWR
500
20
25
600
20
25
750
20
25
1070
20
25
*CWR = Completely Weathered Rock
40
50
85
50
60
105
65
88
150
100
130
220
170
245
440
6
20
25
40
25
35
50
35
45
75
50
70
90
90
130
220
Lateral Pile
Capacity
(tons)
7
12
17
30
Soils encountered at this site are not susceptible to liquefaction.
Foundation recommendations for shallow foundations for relatively light structures will be
provided in subsequent interim/ final reports.
3.1
Foundation Protection
Results of chemical analysis on soil and groundwater samples are enclosed in the Annexure.
Results of the soils and water samples fall under Class 1 for sulphate and chloride
concentrations (As per IS456 and as per CIRIA Sp. Publication No. 31). A severe Exposure
Condition was assigned to this site. Therefore following precautions are recommended to
protect subsurface concrete and reinforcement.
Type of Cement:
OPC or PPC
Minimum Grade of Reinforced Concrete:
M30
Minimum cement content for piles
400 kg/m3
Maximum Water Cement Ratio:
0.50
Minimum Cover to Reinforcement in pile:
75mm
3.2 Lateral Earth Pressures
Basement walls, if any, will be subjected to lateral earth pressures. A soil submerged unit
weight (rsub) and coefficient of active lateral earth pressure (ka) of 0.8 t/m3 and 0.33,
respectively, should be utilized for design of basement walls installed without adjacent pile
shoring walls.
3.3
Floor Slabs / Pavements
The existing soils encountered at this site are capable of providing support for proposed floor
slabs and pavements. A minimum 0.3m of compacted soils should be provided beneath
pavements.
Areas to receive fill or pavements should be proof rolled with heavy equipment or dump
trucks to delineate zones of any loose or soft soils, which may require removal and
compaction. Based on borehole data, a minimum California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of 6
can be used for design of pavements installed at or near existing ground surface. CBR tests
can be conducted on new fill material or on existing soils to determine whether higher CBR
values are possible.
3.4
Structural Fill/Site Grading
Compacted fill for site grading or beneath pavements/floor slabs, should consist of nonexpansive soil, free of organics and rubble. On-site soils are suitable for use as compacted
fill directly at structures. Compaction of granular soils to the recommended degree of
compaction can generally be attained with vibratory compaction equipment.
Proper
compaction of soils can be achieved with pneumatic type compactors under optimum
moisture conditions. Structural fill should be placed in loose lifts of 200mm and compacted
to a minimum of 95 percent of its maximum dry density as determined by the Standard
Proctor Test.
4.0
METHODOLOGY OF FIELD WORK AND LABORATORY TESTS
4.1
Field Work
The sub-surface investigation was completed generally as per IS: 1892-1979. The field
investigation was carried out using rotary drilling machines. Casing was used to support
sides of borehole until sufficiently stiff strata was encountered. Standard Penetration Tests
(i.e. SPT) were carried out in soil in accordance with IS 2131-1981. Using this procedure, a
split-barrel sampler is driven into the soil by 63.5 kg. weight falling through 75 cm height.
After an initial set of 15cm, number of blows required to drive the sampler an additional 30
cm, is known as penetration resistance or N value.
When SPT refusal was obtained in hard strata, rock coring was done using diamond bit and
double tube core barrel to obtain good quality rock samples. Percent Rock Core Recovery
and percent Rock Quality Designation (%RQD) were determined. % RQD is defined as =
100 x Sum of length of rock pieces in cms, each having lengths greater than 10cms/Total
length of core run in cms.
10
4.2
Laboratory Tests :
The laboratory tests were conducted in DBMs well equipped soil testing laboratory under the
supervision of qualified and experienced engineers. Laboratory testing comprised of
following tests conducted as per procedures given in relevant IS codes.
a)
Grain Size Distribution by Sieve Analysis and IS-2720

Hydrometer Analysis
b)
c)
( Part-IV)
Consistency limits determination to obtain IS 2720

liquid limit and plastic limit.
(Part V)
Specific Gravity determination
IS
2720
(PartIII)
(S-1)
d)
Chemical analysis of soil to determine pH, IS 2720 (Part-XVI,

Sulphate ( SO3) and Chloride (CI)
e)
XVII) Mohrs method
Chemical analysis of water to determine pH, IS 3025 (Part XI,

Sulphate ( SO3) and Chloride (CI)
XXIV, XXXII)
f)
Soaked crushing strength of rock
IS 9143
g)
Point Load Index test on rock samples
IS 8764
h)
Porosity, Density test on rock samples
IS 13030
i)
Engineering classification of soil
IS 1498
Sincerely,
DBM GEOTECHNICS AND CONSTRUCTIONS PVT. LTD.
__________________________________
Jaydeep Wagh
B.E., M.S., P.E. (Geotechnical)
11
REFERENCES
1) Foundation Analysis and Design, J.E. Bowles, McGraw Hill Publication, 5th Edition,
1996.
2) Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, K.R. Arora, Standard Publishers
Distributors, Fourth Edition, 1997.
3) Foundation Design Manual, N. V. Nayak, 5th Edition, 1996
4) Geotechnical Engineering & Evaluation, Roy Hunt, 1996.
5) IS 8009, Code of Practice for settlement below Foundations on Soil
6) Pile Design and Construction Practice, M. J. Tomlinson, 1992
7) IS14593-1998, Design and Construction of bored Cast-In-Situ Piles Founded on
Rocks- Guidelines
8) IS 2911 (Part1/ Section 2) 1979 Code of Practise for design and Construction of Pile
Foundations (Concrete Piles- Bored Cast in situ Piles).
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

FOR PILE FOUNDATIONS (Borehole BH-9)
________________________________________________ +0.0m
Layer Ia, Sand
Corrected SPT N = 12
=30, c= 0, = 1.7t/m3
________________________________________________-5.0m
Layer Ib, Sand
=31 , c= 0, = 1.7t/m3
________________________________________________-9.0m
Layer Ic, Sand
=33 , c= 0, = 1.9t/m3
________________________________________________-12.0m
Layer Id, Sand
=34 , c= 0, = 2t/m3
_______________________________________________-14.0m
Layer Ie, Sand
=35 , c= 0, = 2t/m3
_______________________________________________-19.0m
Layer If, Sand
=37 , c= 0, = 2t/m3
_______________________________________________-20.0m
Layer Ig, Sand
=38 , c= 0, = 2t/m3
_______________________________________________-26.5m
Layer Ih, Sand
=38 , c= 0 , = 2t/m3
_______________________________________________-32.0m
Layer Ij, Completely Weathered Rock
SPT N > 50, = 2.1t/m3
Clay Layer is assumed at pile tip (20m or 25m below ground)
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS OF PILE CAPACITIES

(BOREHOLE BH-9)
PILE DIAMETER =
0.75 m
PILE DEPTH =
20 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
A) END BEARING CAPACITY (IS2911):
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
Ultimate End Bearing Capacity =
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 ( Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for clay
Nq and Nr = Bearing Capacity Factor (Obtained from IS2911)
q = Eff. overburden pressure at pile tip (limited to a depth of 15xD) =
r = TOTAL unit weight =
1.8 t/m3
depth of water table =
0m
9.0
t/m2
B) SKIN FRICTION CAPACITY (IS2911)

Ultimate Skin Friction Capacity =
[c + Kqtan( )](DL)
= adhesion for clay (Obtained from IS2911)

K = Coefficient of passive pressure (IS2911) =
1
= angle of friction = soil friction angle ()(From IS6403 )
q = Eff. Overburden pressure (limited to a depth of 15xD)
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
14
14
20
20
21.5
21.5
27
27
30
30
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
clay
sand
sand
14
17
18
20
21
38
20
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
9.0
9.0
9.0
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
0.3
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
na
na
na
na
na
1.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0
na
na
TOTAL DOWNWARD ULTIMATE PILE CAPACITY =

TOTAL DOWNWARD ALLOWABLE PILE CAPACITY =
TOTAL ALLOWABLE UPLIFT CAPACITY =
299
120
51.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.3
0.0
0.0
31.1
32.0
32.3
32.9
33.1
0.0
32.9
37.0
Conservatively, clay Layer is assumed at pile tip (20m below ground)
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
23.6
19.1
68.5
83.1
0.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
104.7
na
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
194.2
tons
tons
(Factor of safety of 2.5)
tons
104.7

(BOREHOLE BH-9)
PILE DIAMETER =
0.75 m
PILE DEPTH =
25 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
1.8 t/m3
0m
9.0
t/m2

[c + Kqtan( )](DL)

1
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
14
14
20
20
21.5
21.5
25
25
27
27
30
30
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
14
17
18
20
21
21
20
21
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.1
32.0
32.3
32.9
33.1
33.1
32.9
33.1
37.0
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na

397
159
69.4
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
23.6
19.1
68.5
83.1
20.8
47.9
0.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
134.2
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
262.9
tons
tons
tons
134.2

(BOREHOLE BH-1)
PILE DIAMETER =
0.6 m
PILE DEPTH =
20 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
1.8 t/m3
0m
7.2
t/m2

[c + Kqtan( )](DL)

1
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
23
23
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
clay
sand
sand
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.3
na
na
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0
na
na
na
na

167
67
34.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
0.0
33.4
34.3
34.9
37.0
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
18.4
14.9
17.2
44.3
26.6
7.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
37.7
na
na
na
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
129.3
tons
tons
tons
37.7

(BOREHOLE BH-1)
PILE DIAMETER =
0.6 m
PILE DEPTH =
25 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 (Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
1.8 t/m3
0m
7.2
t/m2

[c + Kqtan( )](DL)

1
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
25
25
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
clay
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.3
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0
na
na

219
88
46.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.7
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
33.1
33.4
0.0
34.9
37.0
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
18.4
14.9
17.2
44.3
26.6
26.6
26.9
0.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
44.5
na
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
174.9
tons
tons
tons
44.5
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF ALLOWABLE VERTICAL CAPACITY OF 600mm DIA.

PILES SOCKETED 4D IN WEATHERED BEDROCK:
A) SKIN FRICTION CAPACITY IN 4D ROCK SOCKET:
As per Cole and Stroud Method (Reference No. 3) for soft rock, the zero strength bedrock is
assumed to be a hard cohesive soil.
Using a minimum SPT N value of 60 in weathered bedrock.
Allowable Skin End Bearing Capacity = qall = aC / F.S. (Reference No. 3)
Where,
c = cohesion = N/1.5 = 60/1.5 = 40 t/m2
a = adhesion factor
F.S. = Factor of Safety
(a/FS) = 0.3
Therefore, Allowable Skin Friction Capacity = 0.3 x 40 = 12 t/m2
Allowable End Bearing Capacity of 600mm dia piles = DL (12) = 3.142 x 0.60 x 2.4 x
12 t/m2 = 55 tons
B) END BEARING CAPACITY IN LOW STRENGTH HIGHLY WEATHERED
BEDROCK:
Using a minimum SPT N value of 60 at pile tip in the bedrock.
As per Cole and Stroud Method (Reference No. 3).
Allowable End Bearing Capacity = qall = cNc / F.S. (Reference No. 3)
Where,
c = cohesion = N/1.5 = 60/1.5 = 40 t/m2
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for deep foundations
F.S. = Factor of Safety = 3
Therefore, Allowable End Bearing capacity = 40 x 9 / 3 = 120 t/m2
Allowable End Bearing Capacity of 600mm dia piles = (120)D2/4 = 35 tons
THEREFORE, TOTAL PILE CAPACITY = 55 + 35 TONS = 90 tons

Adding Skin Friction within the top 22m pile shaft in overburden soils, as shown on
attached sheet,
Pile capacity = 90 + 59 = 149 tons

(BOREHOLE BH-1)
PILE DIAMETER =
0.6 m
PILE DEPTH =
22 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
1.8 t/m3
0m
7.2
t/m2

[c + Kqtan( )](DL)

1
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
23
23
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
33.1
33.4
34.3
34.9
37.0
Nc
Nq
Nr
Skin
friction
Capacity
1.2
4.0
6.4
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
NA
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
32.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
36.0
na
na
na
na
0.0
18.4
14.9
17.2
44.3
26.6
26.6
0.0
na
na
na

148
59
39.1
TOTAL CAPACITY =
148.0
tons
tons
tons

(BOREHOLE BH-1)
PILE DIAMETER =
0.75 m
PILE DEPTH =
20 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
1.8 t/m3
0m
9.0
t/m2

[c + Kqtan( )](DL)

1
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
23
23
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
clay
sand
sand
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.3
na
na
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0
na
na
na
na

246
98
49.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
0.0
33.4
34.3
34.9
37.0
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
23.0
18.6
23.8
69.2
41.5
9.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
59.6
na
na
na
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
186.2
tons
tons
tons
59.6

(BOREHOLE BH-1)
PILE DIAMETER =
0.75 m
PILE DEPTH =
25 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
=SPT N/1.5 (Reference: Foundation Design Manual, N.V. Nayak)
1.8 t/m3
0m
9.0
t/m2

[c + Kqtan( )](DL)

1
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
25
25
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
clay
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
Nc
Nq
Nr
1.2
4.0
6.4
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.3
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0
na
na

330
132
68.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.7
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
33.1
33.4
0.0
34.9
37.0
Skin
End
friction Bearing
Capacity Capacity
0.0
23.0
18.6
23.8
69.2
41.5
41.5
42.0
0.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
70.3
na
na
TOTAL CAPACITY =
259.8
tons
tons
tons
70.3
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF ALLOWABLE VERTICAL CAPACITY OF 750mm DIA.

PILES SOCKETED 4D IN WEATHERED BEDROCK:
A) SKIN FRICTION CAPACITY IN 4D ROCK SOCKET:
As per Cole and Stroud Method (Reference No. 3) for soft rock, the zero strength bedrock is
assumed to be a hard cohesive soil.
Using a minimum SPT N value of 60 in weathered bedrock.
Allowable Skin End Bearing Capacity = qall = aC / F.S. (Reference No. 3)
Where,
c = cohesion = N/1.5 = 60/1.5 = 40 t/m2
a = adhesion factor
F.S. = Factor of Safety
(a/FS) = 0.3
Therefore, Allowable Skin Friction Capacity = 0.3 x 40 = 12 t/m2
Allowable End Bearing Capacity of 750mm dia piles = DL (12) = 3.142 x 0.75 x 3.0 x
12 t/m2 = 84 tons
B) END BEARING CAPACITY IN LOW STRENGTH HIGHLY WEATHERED
BEDROCK:
Using a minimum SPT N value of 60 at pile tip in the bedrock.
As per Cole and Stroud Method (Reference No. 3).
Allowable End Bearing Capacity = qall = cNc / F.S. (Reference No. 3)
Where,
c = cohesion = N/1.5 = 60/1.5 = 40 t/m2
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for deep foundations
F.S. = Factor of Safety = 3
Therefore, Allowable End Bearing capacity = 40 x 9 / 3 = 120 t/m2
Allowable End Bearing Capacity of 750mm dia piles = (120)D2/4 = 53 tons
THEREFORE, TOTAL PILE CAPACITY = 84 + 53 TONS = 137 tons

Adding Skin Friction within the top 22m pile shaft in overburden soils, as shown on
attached sheet,
Pile capacity = 137 + 87 = 224 tons

(BOREHOLE BH-1)
PILE DIAMETER =
0.75 m
PILE DEPTH =
22 m
Cut off level=
3m
(Assumed)
[cN c + q ( N q 1) + 0.5 DN ] x
D 2
4
Where,
Cu = soil cohesion
1.8 t/m3
0m
9.0
t/m2

[c + Kqtan( )](DL)

1
Depth
of Layer
Below Ground
From
To
0
3
3
7
7
9
9
11
11
16
16
19
19
22
22
23
23
28
28
29.5
29.5
38
38
Soil Type
SPT
N
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
sand
15
15
16
18
21
21
21
22
25
27
50
Cu
(t/m2) (degrees)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.4
31.4
31.7
32.3
33.1
33.1
33.1
33.4
34.3
34.9
37.0
Nc
Nq
Nr
Skin
friction
Capacity
1.2
4.0
6.4
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
NA
NA
NA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
na
na
na
na
na
na
32.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
36.0
na
na
na
na
0.0
23.0
18.6
23.8
69.2
41.5
41.5
0.0
na
na
na

218
87
57.5
TOTAL CAPACITY =
217.8
tons
tons
tons
CALCULATION OF LATERAL CAPACITY OF PILE:
Ref. : Appendix-B (Revised) of IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec. 2) - 1979.
From soil profile it can be seen that top of piles will be through medium dense granular soils.
Constant K1 = 0.525 kg/cm3 for medium dense sand in submerged condition.
T =5
EI
K1
Where,
E = Modulus of Elasticity of pile material = 2.8 x 105 kg/cm2 for concrete
I = Moment of Inertia = D4/64 cm2 (D is pile diameter in cm)
Therefore,
T =5
2.8 x10 5 xD 4
64 x0.525
T = 7.65 D0.8
(D is pile diameter in cm)
The piles will be fixed head piles.

Unsupported pile length = 0.0m
Length of fixity, Lf, can be obtained from Fig. 2 of the reference mentioned above.
For fixed head pile Lf/T = 2.2 (Refer Fig. 2 of the reference mentioned above.)
Therefore, length of fixity = Lf = 2.2 * T = 2.2 x 7.65 D0.8 = 16.8 D0.8
For fixed head pile, allowable lateral load, Qa corresponding to a deflection Y = 0.5 cm,
Qa = 12 EIY/( L1 + Lf)3 kg = (12 * 2.8 * 105 * D4 * 0.5)/(64 * (L1 + Lf)3)
Qa = 17.4 (D)1.6
Therefore, For 45cm dia piles, Qa = 17.4 (D)1.6 = 7,685 kgs = 7 tons

5.section-Xi Interim Report On Geotechnical Investigation

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5.section-Xi Interim Report On Geotechnical Investigation

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HINDUJA NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION LIMITED

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED

INTERIM REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

DBM GEOTECHNICS AND CONSTRUCTIONS PVT. LTD.

Mr. Aloke Mondal

Mr. Debajyoti Saha

Sub: Interim Report on Geotechnical Investigation for 2 x 520 MW VIZAG Thermal

For any clarifications on report following personnel

INTERIM GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT (SEPTEMBER 2010)

METHODOLOGY OF FIELD WORK AND LABORATORY TESTS

INTERIM GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT (SEPTEMBER 2010)

Hinduja National Power Corporation Limited (HNPCL), plans construction of 2 x 520

2.0 EXPLORATION PROGRAM

2.1 Exploration Scope

The scope of work to be completed at this site is summarized below:

2.3 Subsurface Conditions

LAYER I: RESIDUAL SOILS

LAYER II: COMPLETELY WEATHERED BEDROCK

LAYER III: GRANITE BEDROCK

2.4 Ground water Levels

Groundwater accumulation in boreholes was measured during and after completion of

Soils encountered at this site are not susceptible to liquefaction.

Minimum Grade of Reinforced Concrete:

Minimum cement content for piles

Maximum Water Cement Ratio:

Minimum Cover to Reinforcement in pile:

3.2 Lateral Earth Pressures

Floor Slabs / Pavements

Structural Fill/Site Grading

METHODOLOGY OF FIELD WORK AND LABORATORY TESTS

Grain Size Distribution by Sieve Analysis and IS-2720

Consistency limits determination to obtain IS 2720

Specific Gravity determination

Chemical analysis of soil to determine pH, IS 2720 (Part-XVI,

XVII) Mohrs method

Chemical analysis of water to determine pH, IS 3025 (Part XI,

Soaked crushing strength of rock

Point Load Index test on rock samples

Porosity, Density test on rock samples

Engineering classification of soil

SAMPLE CALCULATION OF ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

Clay Layer is assumed at pile tip (20m or 25m below ground)

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS OF PILE CAPACITIES

Ultimate End Bearing Capacity =

B) SKIN FRICTION CAPACITY (IS2911)

= adhesion for clay (Obtained from IS2911)

TOTAL DOWNWARD ULTIMATE PILE CAPACITY =

Conservatively, clay Layer is assumed at pile tip (20m below ground)

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS OF PILE CAPACITIES

Ultimate End Bearing Capacity =

B) SKIN FRICTION CAPACITY (IS2911)

= adhesion for clay (Obtained from IS2911)

TOTAL DOWNWARD ULTIMATE PILE CAPACITY =

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS OF PILE CAPACITIES

Ultimate End Bearing Capacity =

B) SKIN FRICTION CAPACITY (IS2911)

= adhesion for clay (Obtained from IS2911)

TOTAL DOWNWARD ULTIMATE PILE CAPACITY =

Conservatively, clay Layer is assumed at pile tip (20m below ground)

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS OF PILE CAPACITIES

Ultimate End Bearing Capacity =

B) SKIN FRICTION CAPACITY (IS2911)

= adhesion for clay (Obtained from IS2911)