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2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 urethra
Figure 18.2a
Kidney Characteristics
Shape and size:
- bean shaped
Location:
between 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar
vertebra
Right is slightly more inferior than the
left
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Kidney Structures
Renal capsule:
- connective tissue
around each kidney
- protects and acts as
a barrier
Hilum:
- indentation
- contains renal
artery, veins, nerves,
ureter
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Renal sinus:
contains renal pelvis, blood vessels, fat
Renal cortex:
outer portion
Renal medulla:
inner portion
Renal pyramid:
junction between
cortex and medulla
Calyx:
tip of pyramids
Renal pelvis:
- where calyces
join
- narrows to form
ureter
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Nephron
What is it?
- functional unit of kidneys
- over 1 million/kidney
Components of Nephron
Renal corpuscle:
structure that contains a Bowmans capsule
and glomerulus
Bowmans capsule:
- enlarged end of nephron
- opens into proximal tubule
- contains podocytes (specialized cells
around glomerular capillaries)
Glomerulus:
contains capillaries wrapped around it
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Filtration membrane:
- in renal corpuscle
- includes glomerular capillaries, podocytes,
basement membrane
Filtrate:
fluid that passes across filtration membrane
Proximal tubule:
where filtrate passes first
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Loop of Henle:
- contains descending and ascending loops
- water and solutes pass through thin walls
by diffusion
Distal tubule:
structure between Loop of Henle and collecting
duct
Collecting duct:
- empties into calyces
- carry fluid from cortex through medulla
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Figure 18.5a
Figure 18.4
Renal corpuscle
Proximal tubule
Descending loop of Henle
Ascending loop of Henle
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
Calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
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Renal artery
Interlobal artery
Arcuate artery
Interlobular artery
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent ateriole
Peritubular capillaries
Vasa recta
Interlobular vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
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