CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Allied Health Sciences

Caritan, Tuguegarao City

COURSE SYLLABUS
I.

Course Identification
1. Course Code:
Chemistry 22
2. Course Title:
Biological Chemistry
3. Course Description:
A study of the properties, reactions, sources, structure, functions, and biosynthesis of the biomolecules, namely, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids,
and nucleic acids, found in living systems. It includes a study of the different metabolic processes where these biomolecules are utilized and
how the metabolic processes are integrated into the total metabolic function of the living system.
4. Course Objectives:
At the end of the semester, the students must be able to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
5. Credit Units:
6. No. of Hours

Understand the chemical and cellular basis of life.

Identify the different biochemicals present in the living system.
Distinguish between the biochemicals in terms of structure & functions, properties & reactions, and biosynthesis.
Determine how they affect the living system in terms of life processes.
Correlate the knowledge learned to value the importance of everything in this world.
Appreciate and respect God's creation.

5 units (3 units Lecture and 2 units Laboratory)

9 hours (3 hours Lecture and 6 hours Laboratory)

7. Course Requirements:
Attendance: (Total number of absences should not exceed 20% of the total number of hours for the semester)
Research Papers/Projects
Laboratory Outputs/Reports
Lecture
Periodic Exams
Quizzes & Long Exams
Class Standing: Group Reports, Research Paper,
Attendance, & Recitation
Total
II.

50%
40%
10%
100%

Laboratory
Long Exam
Practical Exams/Performance Exams
Class Standing: Laboratory Reports, Attendance, Recitation

50%
40%
10%
100%

University Philosophy
The University serves the individual by providing the students with a nurturing environment for optimal human flourishing. It serves the community by offering
programs responsive to individual and social needs.
University Vision
The Cagayan State University shall be recognized by the entire region and the nation as a credible and distinguished center of higher education in Northern
Luzon. It shall likewise establish its own niche in the global community. It shall endeavor to improve from its previous best, showing that it enjoys the leading
edge in all that pertains to education.
University Mission:
The Cagayan State University shall make quality education and formation towards the different professions accessible to all who may come to it, and who
measure up to its standards. It shall be an academic community given to instruction, research, and extension. It shall not in any way discriminate on bases
unrelated to education.

Course Content
I. Review of Organic Chemistry
Concepts
A. Atomic and Molecular
Orbitals
B. Covalent Bond Character
C. Geometry of Covalent
Compounds
D. Structural Effects
E. Electrophiles, Nucleophiles,
& Reactive Sites
F. Reaction Mechanisms
G. Review
of
Laboratory
Apparatus & Equipment
used in Organic Chemistry
II. Introduction to Biochemistry
A. Characteristics of Living
Matter
B. Biochemistry and the Living
State
C. Biomolecules
D. Energy Transformations
E. Chemical Reactions
F. Self-Regulation of Cell
Reactions
G. Self Replication of Living
Organisms
H. Basic Biochemical
Techniques

Specific Objectives

Strategies

Evaluation

At the end of the week, students are expected to:

Concept Learning
a. Recall concepts studied in Organic Chemistry
Class Discussion
b. Describe laboratory apparatus and equipment in terms of specifications
and uses.

Lecture Quiz
Laboratory
Practical Exam

At the end of the week, the students are expected to:

a. Describe the attributes of life.
b. Examine the study of Biochemistry in terms of the characteristics of
living matter.
c. Compare the simplicity of origin of the precursors of biomolecules and
the complexity of their structure.
d. Differentiate the molecular complexity and the orderliness of structure of
living organisms in contrast to the randomness of inanimate matter.
e. Explain how cells can function as chemical engines.
f. Discuss how cells control their own metabolic activities.
g. Appraise the capacity of living cells to reproduce themselves to the
structure and function of its genetic material.
h. Analyze how molecules found in living organisms interact with each
other in accordance with a set of principles, The Molecular Logic of the
Living State.
i. Conduct basic biochemical techniques utilized in the Biochemistry
laboratory.
j. Distinguish among the biochemical laboratory techniques.

Lecture Quiz
Recitation
Performance
Exam
Laboratory
Report

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Laboratory
Experimentation

Week/Time
Allotment
st
1 Week
9 hrs

2nd Week
1.5 hrs

III. Biomolecules and Cells

A. Biological Fitness of Organic
Compounds
B. Molecular Organization of
Cells
C. The Primordial Biomolecules
D. Specialization and
Differentiation of
Biomolecules
E. Origin of Biomolecules
F. Biomolecules,
Supramolecular Structures,
and Cell Organelles
G. The Biomolecules in Some
Cell Organelles (Experiment
1)

At the end of the week, the students are expected to:

a. Point out the biological fitness of the different elements and compounds
present in living systems.
b. Categorize the biomolecules in terms of increasing complexity of cellular
organization.
c. Recognize the simple building blocks of complex biomolecules and how
they form the complex structures.
d. Account for the conversion of inorganic molecules to organic molecules.
e. Describe the shape and dimensions of the biomolecules.
f. Infer how the shapes and dimensions relate to the some functions of the
cell.
g. Discuss cellular structure based on molecular structure and composition.
h. Classify some organelles using centrifugation techniques.
i. Differentiate among the techniques for separation of specific organelles.

Class Discussion
Group Discussion
Laboratory
Experimentation

Lecture Quiz
Recitation
Performance
Exam
Laboratory
Report

2nd Week
3 hrs

III. Water
A. Physical Properties and
Hydrogen Bonding of Water
B. Other Properties of H-bonds
C. Solvent Properties of Water
D. Hydrophobic Interactions
E. Effects of Solutes on Water
Properties
F. Ionization of Water & the pH
Scale
G. Acid, Bases, & Buffers
H. The Fitness of the Aqeous
Environment
I. Water and its Properties &
Membrane Transport
Mechanisms (Experiment 2)
J. pH and Buffers (Experiment

At the end of the week, the students are expected to:

a. Discuss the structure and properties of water.
b. Analyze the structure and properties of water in relation to physiological
phenomena in a living system.
c. Point out the importance of water as the medium of life.
d. Observe the properties of water and its role in membrane transport
mechanisms.
e. Conduct laboratory experiments on pH determination and buffer
solutions.
f. Distinguish between the different ways of preparing buffer solutions
depending on the acid base conjugate pairs.

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction
Laboratory
Experimentation

Lecture Quiz
Homework
Performance
Exam
Laboratory
Report

2nd Week
4.5 hrs

3)
IV. Proteins
At the end of the week, the students must be able to:
A. Proteins and Their Biological a. Distinguish among the different types of proteins in terms of biological
Functions
functions.
B. Amino Acids
b. Differentiate among the amino acid building blocks of proteins in terms
C. Protein Structure
of structure and function.
D. Protein Biosynthesis
c. Understand protein configuration and conformation.Discuss how cells
E. Physical and Chemical
can utilize the simple materials from food materials in the manufacture
Properties (Experiment 4)
of proteins.
F. Analysis & Denaturation of
d. Differentiate among the biosynthetic pathways for the production of
Proteins (Experiment 5)
proteins.
a. Classify proteins in terms of their physical and chemical properties.
b. Conduct purification, characterization, and denaturation of proteins in
the laboratory.
c. Differentiate among the tests for amino acids and tests for proteins in
terms of reactions with specific reagents.

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction
Laboratory
Experimentation

Lecture Quiz
Homework
Performance
Exam
Laboratory
Report

3rd Week
9 hrs

V. Enzymes
A. Chemical Nature and
Classification
B. Enzyme Specificity
C. Chemical Kinetics
D. Enzyme Reactions
E. Factors Affecting the Rate of
Enzyme Reactions
(Experiment 6)

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:

a. Explain the nature of enzymes and their classification.
b. Differentiate among the three types of enzymatic specificities.
c. Understand the catalysis of reactions by enzymes.
d. Discuss the mechanism of enzyme action.
e. Differentiate among the factors that affect the rate of enzyme reactions.
f. Conduct experiments showing enzyme catalysis and the factors affecting
enzyme reactions.
g. Differentiate among catalysis by amylase, oxidase, protease, rennin, and
urease.

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction
Laboratory
Experimentation

Lecture Quiz
Homework
Performance
Exam
Laboratory
Report

4th Week
6 hrs

VI. Enzymes in Medical

Diagnosis
A. Transaminases
B. Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase
C. Phosphatases
D. Amylase
E. Lipase

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:

a. Describe how enzymes are utilized for medical diagnosis.
b. Distinguish selected enzymes in terms of their use in medical diagnosis.

Group Report
Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction

Paper
Lecture Quiz
Homework

4th week
3 hrs

F. Creatine phosphokinase
VII. Vitamins and Coenzymes
A. Classification of Vitamins
B. Fat Soluble Vitamins ADEK
Water Soluble Vitamins B
Complex, C, & P
VIII. Hormones
A. Introduction
B. Steroid Hormones
C. Peptide Hormones
D. Amine Hormones
E. Pancreatic Islet Cells
F.Adrenal Cortex
G. Gastrointestinal Hormones
H. Hypothalamic Hormones and
Pituitary
I. Hormones of the Anterior
Pituitary
J. Growth Hormone & ACTH
Preliminary Examination Period
IX. Carbohydrates
A. Biological Significance of
Carbohydrates
B. Classification
C. Chemical Structure
D. General Properties of
Carbohydrates
E. Carbohydrate Biosynthesis
F. Test for Carbohydrates
(Experiment 7)

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:

a. Classify the different types of vitamins in terms of solubility to water or
fats.
b. Distinguish among the different classes of vitamins and their coenzymes
in terms of structure, properties, and function.

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Learning

Lecture Quiz
Homework

5th week
4.5 hrs

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:

a. Explain the biochemical effect of hormones in the control and regulation
of metabolic events.
b. Distinguish among the different types of hormones in terms of
molecular composition & biochemical activity.

Group Report
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction

Report
Lecture Quiz
Homework

5th week
4.5 hrs

Review

Laboratory
Long Exam
Practical Exam
Lecture Quiz
Homework
Performance
Exam
Laboratory
Report

6th week

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:

a. Discuss the role of carbohydrates in living organisms.
b. Describe the different classes of carbohydrates.
c. Categorize carbohydrates in terms of structure and properties.
d. Analyze the different reactions of carbohydrates.
e. Discuss how cells can utilize the simple materials from food materials in
the manufacture of carbohydrates.
f. Differentiate among the biosynthetic pathways for the production of
carbohydrates.
g. Perform tests for carbohydrates.
h. Differentiate among the tests for carbohydrates in terms of the reaction
of carbohydrates to different reagents.

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction
Laboratory
Experimentation

7th Week
9 hrs

VII. Lipids
A. Biological Importance of
Lipids
B. Classification of Lipids
C. Chemical Composition,
Properties and
Characteristics of Fats
D. Phospholipids
E. Lipoproteins
F. Biosynthesis of Lipids
G. Characterization of Lipids
(Experiment 8)
H. Saponification (Experiment
9)
X.
Nucleic Acids
A. General Structure of
Nucleotides
B. The Pyrimidines and Purines
C. Nucleosides and Nucleotides
D. DNA
E. Biosynthesis of Nucleic
Acids
F. Isolation of RNA from Yeast
(Experiment 10)
XI.
Integrated Metabolic
Pathways
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Oxidative Phosphorylation
D. Fatty Acid Degradation
E. Phosphogluconate Pathway
F. Other Pathways of Amino
Acids

i. Isolate and identify the properties of glycogen.

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:
a. Discuss the significance of lipids in biological systems.
b. Describe the different classes of lipids.
c. Differentiate among the fats in terms of composition, properties, and
characteristics.
d. Distinguish among the types of sphingolipids in terms of structure,
properties, and functions.
e. Compare the lipoproteins present in the living system.
f. Discuss how cells can utilize the simple materials from food materials in
the manufacture of lipids.
g. Differentiate among the biosynthetic pathways for the production of
lipids.
h. Conduct qualitative and quantitative tests on lipids.
i. Distinguish among the tests based on reactions to the reagents utilized.

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction
Laboratory
Experimentation

Lecture Quiz
Homework
Performance
Exam
Laboratory
Report

7th week
9 hrs

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:

a. Discuss the structure and properties of the nucleic acids.
b. Distinguish between deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid in
terms of structure and functions.
c. Discuss how cells can utilize the simple materials from food materials in
the manufacture of nucleic acids.
d. Differentiate among the biosynthetic pathways for the production of
lipids.
e. Conduct experiments on the isolation of RNA from yeast.

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction
Laboratory
Experimentation

Lecture Quiz
Homework
Performance
Exam
Laboratory
Report

8th week
9 hrs

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:

a. Comprehend the degradative reactions of each biomolecules into forms
where energy can be extracted.
b. Organize converging degradative reactions and divergining and
interlocking biosynthetic pathways to form an integrated pathway for
the production of energy in the cells.

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction

Lecture Quiz
Project

9th & 10th

week
9 hrs

G. Gluconeogenesis
XII.
Mechanisms of Metabolic
Regulation
A. Control of Enzyme Synthesis
B. Control of Activity of
Enzymes
C. Hormonal Control

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:

a. Explain the balanced partitioning of common precursors among the
competing pathways to produce order in the different cell processes.
b. Analyze biological control of enzyme activity.
c. Differentiate among the different types of biological control of enzyme
activity.
d. Point out hormonal control of enzyme activity.

Midterm Examination Period

XIII.
Blood Chemistry
At the end of the week, the students must be able to:
A.Constituents of Blood
a. Describe the different constituents of blood.
B.Blood Clotting
b. Discuss the blood clotting mechanism.
C.Functions
c. Relate the functions of blood to their constituents
D.Plasma Proteins
d. Differentiate among the types of buffer systems present in the blood.
E. Buffers
F. Analysis of Blood (Experiment
11)
XIV. Urinalysis
At the end of the week, the students must be able to:
A. Collection of Urine
a. Discuss the procedures in urine collection including preservation
B. Composition of Urine
procedures.
C. Constituents of Normal Urine b. Classify urine composition depending on color, odor, volume,
D. Analysis of Normal Urine
appearance, specific gravity, and other parameters.
E. Analysis of Pathological
c. Summarize the constituents of normal urine.
Urine
d. Describe how normal urine and pathological urine are analyzed.
F.Formation of Urine
e. Differentiate between normal urine and pathological urine in terms of
G. Analysis of Urine
composition and constituents.
(Experiment 12)
f. Point out the process of urine formation in the kidneys.
XV. Liver Function Tests
At the end of the week, the students must be able to:
A. Bilirubin Metabolism and
a. Describe the metabolism and excretion of bilirubin.
Excretion
b. Compare the different types of bilirubin abnormalities.
B. Abnormalities of Bilirubin
c. Discuss estimation of bilirubin.
Metabolism
d. Explain the Hepatic Transport Function.
C. Estimation of Serum Bilirubin

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction

Lecture Quiz
Homework

11th week
3 hrs

Review

Laboratory
Long Exam
Practical Exam
Paper
Lecture Quiz
Homework

12th week

Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction

Paper
Lecture Quiz
Homework

14th week
9 hrs

Group Report
Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction

Paper
Lecture Quiz
Homework

15th week
3 hrs

Group Report
Concept Learning
Class Discussion
Supplemental
Instruction

13th week
9 hrs

D. Test for Hepatic Transport

Function
XVI.

Special Topics

INTEGRATION PERIOD

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:

a. Discuss applications of the course in the health sciences.

At the end of the week, the students must be able to:

Paper Presentation
a. Evaluate a biochemical research
Field Trip
b. Observe how the different tests are conducted in other clinical
laboratories.

Final Examination Period

III.

16th week
9 hrs

Panel Discussion
Symposia

Review

Research Paper
Reaction Paper

17th week
9 hrs

Laboratory
Long Exam
Practical Exam

18th week

References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Biochemistry by Champe, et. al.

Biochemistry by Campbell
Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger
Principles of Biochemistry by Horton, et. al.
Biochemistry by Stryer
Principles of Biochemistry by Sylianco
Biochemistry by Cabatit

8. Biochemistry by Matthews & van Holde

9. Biochemistry Explained: A Practical Guide to Learning Biochemistry by Millar
10. Modern Experimental Biochemistry by Boyer
11. Outlines of Biochemistry by Conu, Strumpf, Bruening, & Doi
12. Harpers Biochemistry by Murray, Granner, Mayes, & Rodwell
13. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correletions by Devlin

SUBMITTED BY:

REVIEWED BY:

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:

APPROVED:

RAMELO B. RAMIREZ JR.

Faculty

WINSTON ABENA, RMT, MD

Dean, CAHS

EDITHA S. PAGULAYAN, DPA

Deputy Dean of Instruction

REV. FR. RANHILIO C. AQUINO, Ph.D., S.J.D.

Vice President for Academics