Transparencies PDF

Focus on Grammar 3 Transparencies
Grammar Charts
The purpose of the grammar charts is to help students notice the form of the structure, to preteach some of the grammar notes that follow, and to familiarize students with grammar
terminology. The Focus on Grammar (FOG) transparencies give instructors a tool to more
effectively engage students in class as they tackle a new grammar point together.
Here are some suggestions for using the transparencies.
Ask questions that will help students become aware of the form of the structure.
For example, for the imperative (FOG 3, Unit 2, page 14), read the affirmative statement,
Bend your knees, and ask the class to name the verb. (Bend.) Ask students what form it
is. (The base form.) Ask students what base form means. (The simple form without an
ending.) Ask students, Is there a subject?(No.) Explain that in the imperative we
understand that the subject is you. Ask, How do we form the negative in the
imperative? (Add Dont before the base form.)
Have students use the examples in the charts to practice the form. In the imperative
unit, you might ask students to look at the examples in the chart and change the
affirmative statements to negative ones. (Bend your knees. Dont bend your knees.)
Use the charts with Grammar in Context. Ask students to look at Grammar in Context
and find examples that illustrate the points in the grammar charts. Students can also use
the grammar terms in the charts to label items in Grammar in Context.
Compare charts. For example, for the simple past (FOG 3, Unit 3, pages 2325), there
are charts for the past of be and for other verbs. Ask, How many forms are there for the
simple past of be in affirmative statements? (Two: was and were.) How many forms are
there for the simple past of other verbs in affirmative statements? (One: i.e. moved or
came.) Ask, Do you use the base form for past yes/no questions with be? (No.) Do you
use the base form for past yes/no questions with other verbs? (Yes.) What else do you
use? (Did.)
Help students understand grammar terminology through the use of the charts. All
Focus on Grammar charts are clearly labeled (Affirmative/ Negative, Yes/No Questions,
Wh- Questions, Subject, Base Form, Subject Pronoun, Object Pronoun, etc.) Ask
questions to make certain students understand what the labels mean.
Use the charts to practice items from a list. For example, FOG 3, Unit 21, page 241,
students could practice the quantifiers by making up sentences about themselves and
classmates. (I baked some cakes. I used a lot of cream. I put in a few strawberries. I
didnt use much sugar, etc.)
Ask students to provide personal examples. For example, Unit 32, page 357 of FOG
3, says, Eva enjoys going to the park. Eva wants to go to the park. Ask students to say
what they enjoy and what they want to do. (I enjoy playing soccer. I want to join a soccer
team.)
Guidelines provided by Irene E. Schoenberg
Click the links below to view the Grammar Charts for this level.
Grammar Chart Unit 1
Grammar Presentation
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative Statements
Base Form
of Verb + -ing
Subject
Be
am*
You
are
You
He
She
It
is
He
She
It
We
You
They
are
Subject
Verb
travel.
traveling
now.
often
travels.
We
You
They
travel.
*For contractions of I am, you are, etc., see Appendix 26 on page A-12.
Negative Statements
Subject
Be
am
He
is
We
are
Not
not
Negative Statements
Base Form
of Verb + -ing
traveling
now.
Subject
Do
do
He
does not
We
do
Yes / No Questions
Be
Subject
Base Form
of Verb + -ing
Is
he
traveling
now?
No,
travel
often.
Do
Subject
Base Form
of Verb
Does
he
travel
often?
Short Answers
is.
he
Base Form
of Verb
Yes / No Questions
Short Answers
Yes,
Not
Yes,
isnt.
No,
does.
he
doesnt.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Be
Subject
Where
are you
Wh- Questions
Base Form
of Verb + -ing
traveling
Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 1
now?
Wh- Word
Do
Subject
Where
do
you
Base Form
of Verb
usually
travel?
Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
IMPERATIVE
Negative
Affirmative
Base Form
of Verb
Bend
Dont
your knees.
Base Form
of Verb
bend
your knees.
raise
your fists.
Dont
Raise
your fists.
SIMPLE PAST: BE
Negative Statements
Subject
Be
Subject
Be + Not
was
wasnt
You
were
You
werent
He
She
It
was
He
She
It
wasnt
We
You
They
were
We
You
They
werent
famous.
famous.
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Afrmative
Negative
Be
Subject
Was
you
were.
you
werent.
Were
you
was.
wasnt.
Was
he
she
it
he
she
it
was.
he
she
it
wasnt.
Were
we
you
they
you
we
they
were.
you
we
they
werent.
Yes,
famous?
No,
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Where
When
Why
Be
Subject
was
were
you
was
he
she
it
were
we
you
they
famous?
(continued)
SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

Negative Statements
Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Subject
Verb
moved
traveled
came*
left*
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
to Japan.
in 1684.
Did not
Base Form
of Verb
move
travel
to Japan.
come
leave
in 1684.
didnt
*Come (came) and leave (left) are irregular verbs. See Appendix 1 on page A-1 for a list of irregular verbs.
Yes / No Questions
Did
Did
Short Answers
Base Form
Subject of Verb
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
move
travel
Afrmative
to Japan?
Yes,
come
leave
in 1684?
you
I
he
she
it
you
we
they
did.
Negative
No,
you
I
he
she
it
you
we
they
didnt.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
When
Why
Did
Subject
did
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Base Form
of Verb
move
travel
to Japan?
come?
leave?
PAST PROGRESSIVE
Statements
Subject
Was /
Were
was
You
were
He
She
It
was
We
You
They
were
(Not)
(not)
Base Form
of Verb + -ing
eating
working
sleeping
yesterday at 7:00 P.M.

when Eve called.
while Sal was talking.
Yes / No Questions
Short Answers
Was /
Were
Subject
Base Form
of Verb + -ing
Was
you
were.
you
werent.
Were
you
was.
wasnt.
Was
he
she
it
he
she
it
was.
he
she
it
wasnt.
Were
we
you
they
you
we
they
were.
you
we
they
werent.
Afrmative
eating
working
sleeping
yesterday at 7:00 P.M.?

when Eve called?
while Sal was talking?
Yes,
Negative
No,
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Why
Was /
Were
Subject
was
were
you
was
he
she
it
were
we
you
they
Base Form
of Verb + ing
eating
working
sleeping
yesterday at 7:00 P.M.?

when Eve called?
while Sal was talking?
USED TO
Statements
Base Form
of Verb
Subject
Used to
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
used to
didnt use to
be
popular.
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Did
Subject
Did
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Use to
Base Form
of Verb
use to be
Afrmative
popular?
Yes,
you
I
he
she
it
you
we
they
did.
Negative
No,
you
I
he
she
it
you
we
they
didnt.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
When
Did
Subject
Use to
Base Form
of Verb
did
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
use to
be
popular?
BE GOING TO FOR THE FUTURE
Statements
Subject
Be
am*
You
are
He
She
It
is
We
You
They
are
(Not) Going to
Base Form
of Verb
(not) going to
leave
soon.
* For contractions of I am, you are, etc., see Appendix 26 on page A-12.
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Base Form
of Verb
Afrmative
Negative
you
are.
youre
Are
you
am.
Im
Is
he
she
it
he
she
it
is.
hes
shes
its
Are
we
you
they
you
we
they
are.
Be
Subject
Am
Going to
going to
leave
soon?
Yes,
No,
not.
youre
were
theyre
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Be
Subject
Going to
Base Form
of Verb
When
Why
are
you
going to
leave?
(continued)
WILL FOR THE FUTURE

Statements
Subject
Will (not)
Base Form
of Verb
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
will (not)*
leave
soon.
* For contractions of I will, you will, etc., see Appendix 26, page A-12.
Yes / No Questions
Will
Subject
Will
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Short Answers
Base Form
of Verb
Afrmative
leave
soon?
Yes,
you
I
he
she
it
you
we
they
will.
Negative
No,
you
I
he
she
it
you
we
they
wont.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Will
Subject
Base Form
of Verb
When
will
you
leave?
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE* FOR THE FUTURE
SIMPLE PRESENT* FOR THE FUTURE
Statements
Statements
Subject + Be
(Not) + Base Form + -ing
Were
(not) leaving
Its
Subject
Verb
We
leave
It
leaves
Monday at 6:45 A.M.
soon.
*For a complete presentation of present progressive and simple present forms, see Unit 1, page 3.
FUTURE TIME CLAUSES
Statements
Main Clause
Time Clause
I will
I am going to
I graduate.
She will
She is going to
get a job
when
They will
They are going to
she graduates.
they graduate.
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Main Clause
Will I
Am I going to
Will she
Is she going to
Afrmative
Time Clause
I graduate?
get a job
when
Will they
Are they going to
she graduates?
Yes,
they graduate?
you
will.
are.
she
will.
is.
they
will.
are.
Negative
No,
you
wont.
arent.
she
wont.
isnt.
they
wont.
arent.
Wh- Questions
Main Clause
Time Clause
will I
am I going to
Where
will she
is she going to
I graduate?
get a job
will they
are they going to
when
she graduates?
they graduate?
WH- QUESTIONS: SUBJECT AND OBJECT
Questions About the Subject
Wh- Word
Subject
Verb
Who
saw
Object
Answers
Subject
Verb
Marta
saw
Object
Harry?
him.
the box?
it.
Answers
Questions About the Object

Wh-Word
Object
Auxiliary
Verb
Subject
Main
Verb
Subject
Verb
did
Marta
see?
She
saw
Object
Harry.
Who(m)
What
the box.
REFLEXIVE AND RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS
Reciprocal Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Subject
Pronoun
Reexive
Pronoun
Subject
Pronoun
myself
You
yourself
We
You
They
He
himself
She
looked at
herself
It
itself
We
ourselves
You
yourselves
They
themselves
Reciprocal
Pronoun
looked at
each other.
one another.
in the mirror.
PHRASAL VERBS
Transitive Phrasal Verbs
Subject
Verb
Particle
Object
(Noun)
put
on
his lab coat.
helped
out
his students.
Verb
Object
(Noun / Pronoun)
Particle
He
Subject
his lab coat

put
on.
it
He
his students
helped
out.
them
Intransitive Phrasal Verbs

Subject
Verb
Particle
She
started
over.
He
grew
up
in Texas.
They
got
back
early.
ABILITY: CAN AND COULD
Statements
Subject
I
You
He
She
We
You
They
Can / Could (not)
Base Form of Verb
Contractions
can (not)
cannot
now.
could not
could (not)
Can / Could
Could
cant
couldnt
dance
last year.
Yes / No Questions
Can
=
can not
Subject
I
you
he
she
we
you
they
Short Answers
Base Form of Verb
dance?
Afrmative
Yes,
you
I
he
she
you
we
they
Negative
can.
No,
could.
you
I
he
she
you
we
they
cant.
couldnt.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Can / Could
Subject
Base Form of Verb
How well
can
could
she
you
dance?
(continued)
ABILITY: BE ABLE TO
Statements
Subject
Be
am
You
are
He
She
is
We
You
They
are
(Not) Able to
Base Form of Verb
(not) able to
practice.
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Be
Subject
Is
she
Are
Able to
Base Form of Verb
able to
practice?
Afrmative
she
is.
Yes,
she
isnt.
Im
not.
No,
I
you
Negative
am.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Be
Subject
When
is
she
How often
are
you
Able to
Base Form of Verb
able to
practice?
PERMISSION: CAN, COULD, MAY, DO YOU MIND IF
Short Answers
Questions: Can / Could / May

Can / Could / May*
Subject
Can
Could
May
I
he
she
we
they
Base Form
of Verb
stay
Afrmative
here?
*Can, could, and may are modals. Modals have only one
form. They do not have -s in the third-person singular.
Yes,
you
he
she
you
they
Negative
can.
may.
No,
you
he
she
you
they
cant.
may not.
NOTE: May not is not contracted.
Statements: Can / May

Subject
Can / May (not)
You
He
They
can (not)
may (not)
Base Form
of Verb
stay
here.
Questions: Do you mind if

Do you mind if
Do you mind if
Subject
Verb
I
we
they
stay
he
she
it
Short Answers
here?
Afrmative
Negative
Not at all.
No, I dont.
Go right ahead.
Yes, I do.
stays
NOTE: See Grammar Note 4 for a full explanation.
REQUESTS: CAN, COULD, WILL, WOULD, WOULD YOU MIND
Questions: Can / Could / Will / Would
Can / Could
Will / Would*
Can
Could
Will
Would
Subject
you
Base Form
of Verb
Short Answers
Afrmative
mail
this letter for me?
drive
me to the doctor?
pick up
some groceries?
Sure
Certainly
Of course
(I can).
(I will).
Negative
Im sorry, but I cant.
*Can, could, will, and would are modals. Modals do not have -s
in the third-person singular.
Questions: Would you mind

Would you mind
Would you mind
Gerund
Short Answers
Afrmative
mailing
this letter for me?
driving
me to the doctor?
picking up
some groceries?
Not at all.
Id be glad to.
No problem.
Negative
Im sorry, but I cant.
NOTE: See Grammar Note 4 for a full explanation.
ADVICE: SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER
Statements
Subject
Should / Ought to /
Had Better*
Base Form
of Verb
Contractions
I
You
He
She
We
You
They
should (not)
ought to
had better (not)
should not = shouldnt

had better = d better
reply.
*Should and ought to are modals. Had better is

similar to a modal. These forms do not have -s in
the third-person singular.
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Should
Subject
Should
I
he
she
we
they
Base Form
of Verb
Afrmative
Yes,
reply?
you
he
she should.
you
they
Negative
No,
you
he
she
you
they
shouldnt.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
How
When
Where
Should
Subject
should
I
he
she
we
they
Base Form
of Verb
send
it?
SUGGESTIONS: LETS, COULD, WHY DONT, WHY NOT, HOW ABOUT
Could
Lets
Lets (not)
Base Form
of Verb
Subject
take
the ferry.
stay
in a castle.
I
You
He
She
We
They
Lets (not)
Could*
Base Form
of Verb
take
the ferry.
stay
in a castle.
could
*Could is a modal. Modals have only one form.

They do not have -s in the third-person singular.
Why dont
Why
Dont
Subject
dont
I
we
you
they
doesnt
he
she
Why
Why not
Base Form
of Verb
Why not
take
the ferry?
stay
in a castle?
Base Form
of Verb
take
the ferry?
stay
in a castle?
Why not
How about
How about
Gerund / Noun
staying
in a castle?
How about
a castle?
PRESENT PERFECT: SINCE AND FOR
Statements
Subject
Have (not)
Past Participle
I
You*
We
They
have (not)
been
He
She
It
has (not)
Since / For
here
since 1995.
for a long time.
lived
*You is both singular and plural.

Been is an irregular past participle. See Grammar Notes on page 185 and
Appendix 1 on page A-1 for a list of irregular verbs.
Yes / No Questions
Have
Subject
Have
I
you
we
they
been
he
she
it
lived
Has
Past Participle
Short Answers
Since / For
here
since 1995?
for a long time?
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Have
Subject
Past Participle
have
I
you
we
they
been
he
she
it
lived
How long
has
Afrmative
Yes,
you
I / we
you
they
have.
he
she
it
has.
Negative
No,
you
I / we
you
they
havent.
he
she
it
hasnt.
Short Answers
here?
Since 1995.
For many years.
(continued)
Contractions
Afrmative
I have
= Ive
you have = youve
we have = weve
they have = theyve
Negative
he has = hes
she has = shes
it has = its
have not = havent

has not = hasnt
PRESENT PERFECT: ALREADY AND YET
Affirmative Statements: Already
Subject
Have
They
have
Already
Past Participle
mailed
the invitations.
gotten
her invitation.
already
She
has
Negative Statements: Yet

Subject
Have not
Past Participle
Yet
They
havent
mailed
the invitations
She
hasnt
gotten
her invitation
yet.
Yes / No Questions: Yet

Have
Subject
Past Participle
Have
they
mailed
Short Answers
Yet
the invitations
she
gotten
her invitation
Negative
they have.
yet?
Has
Afrmative
Yes,
they havent.
No,
she has.
she hasnt.
PRESENT PERFECT: INDEFINITE PAST
Statements
Subject
Have (not)
Past Participle
They
have (not)
visited
Egypt.
She
has (not)
been
there.
See page 183 in Unit 16 for a complete presentation of

present perfect forms.
Statements with Adverbs

Subject
Have (not)
Adverb
Past Participle
Adverb
They
have
Egypt.
She
has
never
visited
just
recently been
They
have (not)
visited
Egypt
She
has (not)
been
there
there.
twice.
lately.
recently.
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Have
Subject
Have
they
(Ever)
Afrmative
Past Participle
visited
Has
she
they have.
Egypt?
Yes,
(ever)
been
there?
Negative
they havent.
No,
she has.
she hasnt.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Have
Subject
Past Participle
have
they
visited
Egypt?
has
she
been
there?
How often
PRESENT PERFECT AND SIMPLE PAST
Present Perfect
Simple Past
She has been here since 2003.
She was in Detroit in 2000.
Theyve lived here for 20 years.
They lived there for 10 years.
Weve spoken once today.
We spoke twice yesterday.
He hasnt flown this month.
She didnt fly last month.
Has she called him today?
Did she call him yesterday?
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AND PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Statements
Subject
Have (not)
I
You*
We
They
have (not)
He
She
It
has (not)
Been
Base Form
of Verb + -ing
been
writing
(Since / For)
(since 2004).
(for years).
*You is both singular and plural.
Yes / No Questions
Have
Subject
Have
you
Has
Been
Base Form
of Verb + -ing
been
writing
he
Short Answers
(Since / For)
Afrmative
(since 2004)?
(for years)?
I / we
Negative
have.
Yes,
I / we
havent.
he
hasnt.
No,
he
has.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Have
Subject
have
you
has
he
How long
Been
Base Form
of Verb + -ing
been
writing?
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE AND PRESENT PERFECT

Present Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect
They have been living here for 5 million years.
They have lived here for 5 million years.
Ive been reading this book since Monday.
Ive read two books about elephants.
Dr. Owen has been writing articles since 1990.
Dr. Owen has written many articles.
Shes been working in Niger for a year.
Shes worked in many countries.
NOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS
Non-count Nouns
Count Nouns
Article /
Number
A
One
Noun
Verb
Noun
sailor
is
Oil
sailors
Sailing
are
Quantifiers and Count Nouns

Quantier
necessary.
is
brave.
The
Two
Verb
Quantifiers and Non-count Nouns
Noun
Quantier
some
enough
a lot of
Noun
some
enough
a lot of
I saw
I used
a few
several
many
I didnt see
dangerous.
sailors.
islands.
boats.
any
enough
a lot of
many
a little
a great deal of
much
I didnt use
oil.
salt.
honey.
any
enough
a lot of
much
ARTICLES: INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE
INDEFINITE
DEFINITE
Singular Count Nouns
A / An
(Adjective) Noun
Lets read
story.
This is
an
old story.
Plural Count Nouns / Non-count Nouns

(Some)
Lets listen to
Singular Count Nouns

The
(Adjective) Noun
Lets read
the
story by Aesop.
Its
the
oldest story.
Plural Count Nouns / Non-count Nouns
(Adjective) Noun
stories on this CD.
The
Lets listen to
(some)
This CD has
(Adjective) Noun
stories by Aesop.
the
nice music too.
I like
old music on this CD.
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Adverbs
Adjectives
They are quiet tenants.
They talk quietly.
Its a fast elevator.
It moves fast.
The house looks nice.
She described it nicely.
Its absolutely perfect.
Its absolutely perfect.
Participial Adjectives
-ing Adjective
-ed Adjective
The apartment is interesting.
One couple is interested in the apartment.
Its an interesting one-bedroom apartment.
The interested couple called again.
My neighbor is annoying.
Im annoyed by his loud music.
Hes an annoying neighbor.
Another annoyed tenant complained.
This street map is confusing.
People were confused by the street map.
Its a confusing street map.
A confused driver asked for directions.
ADJECTIVES: COMPARISONS WITH AS . . . AS AND THAN
Comparisons with As . . . as
The new restaurant is
(Not) As
Adjective
As
(not) as
large
busy
good
interesting
expensive
as
the other ones.
Comparisons with Than
The new restaurant is
Comparative Adjective Form
Than
larger
busier
better
than
the other ones.
more interesting
less expensive
ADJECTIVES: SUPERLATIVES
Superlatives
Superlative Adjective Form
This is
the largest
the busiest
the best
the most interesting
the least expensive
city
in the world.
of all.
Ive ever visited.
ADVERBS: AS . . . AS, COMPARATIVES, SUPERLATIVES
As . . . as
The Huskies
played
didnt play
As
Adverb
As
as
hard
well
aggressively
consistently
as
the Gophers.
Comparatives
Comparative Adverb Form Than
harder
better
The Huskies
played
than
the Gophers.
more aggressively
less consistently
Superlatives
Superlative Adverb Form
the hardest
the best
The star player
played
of anyone in the game.

the most aggressively
the least consistently
GERUNDS: AS SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS
Gerund as Subject
Gerund (Subject)
Verb
Smoking
causes
health problems.
Not smoking
is
healthier.
Gerund as Object
Subject
Verb
Gerund (Object)
You
should quit
smoking.
We
suggest
not smoking.
GERUNDS AFTER PREPOSITIONS
Preposition + Gerund
Do you have ideas
about
improving
life at school?
Are the teachers
against
increasing
tuition?
The students are
for
having
online courses.
My roommate left
before
finishing
the test.
Verb + Preposition + Gerund

I
plan
on
joining
the Student Council.
Well
succeed
in
improving
the school.
They
object
to
paying
higher fees.
Please
think
about
voting
for Latoya.
Adjective + Preposition + Gerund

Im
interested
in
studying
math.
Are you
tired
of
hearing
complaints?
They are
happy
about
not missing
the meeting.
She is
used
to
organizing
large groups.
INFINITIVES AFTER CERTAIN VERBS
Statements
Subject
Verb
decided
You
urged
He
wanted
(Object)
Innitive
(not) to write
to Annie.
John
(not) to take
her advice.
(her)
to advise
John.
INFINITIVES OF PURPOSE
Affirmative
I left at 9:00 (in order) to be on time.
Negative
I left at 9:00 in order not to be late.
INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
Infinitives with Too
Too
Were (not)
They answered
Adjective /
Adverb
(For + Noun /
Object Pronoun)
young
too
Its (not)
Innitive
to vote.
quickly
for Kyle
to understand
hard
(for us)
to decide.
the issues.
Infinitives with Enough

Adjective /
Adverb
Were (not)
old
They have(nt) answered
clearly
Its (not)
easy
Enough
(For + Noun /
Object Pronoun)
Innitive
to vote.
enough
for Kyle
to understand
(for us)
to decide.
the issues.
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
Gerunds
Infinitives
Eva enjoys going to the park.
Eva wants to go to the park.
She loves taking long breaks.
She loves to take long breaks.
She stopped studying.
She stopped to study.
Changing habits is hard.
Its hard to change habits.
Shes worried about finishing her paper.
PREFERENCES: PREFER, WOULD PREFER
Statements
Subject
Prefer / Would prefer*
I
You
We
They
prefer
would prefer
He
She
prefers
would prefer
Noun / Gerund / Innitive
Contraction
TV news (to newspapers).
watching the news (to reading newspapers).
(not) to watch the news.
would prefer = d prefer
*Like modals, would prefer does not have -s in the third-person singular.
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Do / Would
Subject
Do
Would
I
you
we
they
Does
Would
Prefer
prefer
Noun / Gerund /
Innitive
Afrmative
TV news?
watching the news?
to watch the news?
Yes,
he
she
Negative
you
I / we
you
they
do.
would.
he
she
does.
would.
No,
you
I / we
you
they
dont.
wouldnt.
he
she
doesnt.
wouldnt.
PREFERENCES: WOULD RATHER

Statements
Subject
I
You
He
She
We
They
Would rather*
Base Form
of Verb
watch
the news (than read newspapers).
Contraction
would rather = d rather
would rather
not read
newspapers.
*Like modals, would rather does not have -s in the third-person singular.
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Would
Subject
Rather
Base Form
of Verb
Would
you
she
rather
read?
Afrmative
Yes,
I
she
would.
Negative
Id
Shed
rather not.
NECESSITY: HAVE (GOT) TO, DONT HAVE TO
Have to /
Have got to
Subject
I
You
We
They
have to
have got to
He
She
It
has to
has got to
Negative Statements
Base Form
of Verb
Subject
Do not
dont
leave
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
doesnt
now.
Have to
Base Form
of Verb
have to
leave
now.
Contractions
have got to
has got to
=
=
ve got to
s got to
Note: There are no contractions for have to and has to.
Yes / No Questions
Do
Subject
Do
I
you
we
they
Does
Have to
have to
Short Answers
Base Form
of Verb
leave
Afrmative
now?
he
she
it
Yes,
you
I / we
you
they
he
she
it
Negative
do.
No,
does.
you
I / we
you
they
dont.
he
she
it
doesnt.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Do
Subject
Have to
Base Form
of Verb
do
I
you
we
they
have to
leave?
When
does
he
she
it
(continued)
NECESSITY: MUST, MUST NOT, CANT

Must
Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Must* (not)
Base Form
of Verb
must
leave
early.
Contraction
must not
arrive
late.
must not = mustnt
*Must is a modal. Modals have only one form.

They do not have -s in the third-person singular.
Cant
Subject
Cant
Base Form
of Verb
You
They
cant
sit
here.
EXPECTATIONS: BE SUPPOSED TO
Statements
Subject
Be
am
was
You
We
They
are
were
He
She
(not)
Supposed to
Base Form
of Verb
(not)
supposed to
sign
the marriage certificate.
be
a small wedding.
is
was
It
Yes / No Questions
Be
Subject
Am
Was
Are
Were
you
Is
Was
she
Short Answers
Base Form
of Verb
Supposed to
supposed to
stand?
Afrmative
Yes,
you
are.
were.
am.
was.
she
is.
was.
Negative
No,
you
arent.
werent.
m not.
wasnt.
she
isnt.
wasnt.
Wh- Questions
Wh- Word
Where
Be
Subject
am
was
are
were
you
is
was
she
Supposed to
Base Form
of Verb
supposed to
stand?
FUTURE POSSIBILITY: MAY, MIGHT, COULD
Statements
Subject
May / Might / Could*
You
It
They
may (not)
might (not)
could
Base Form
of Verb
get
cold.
*May, might, and could are modals. Modals have only one
form. They do not have -s in the third-person singular.
Yes / No Questions
Are you going to fly to Paris?
Are you leaving on Monday?
Are you going to
Will you
Is it possible youll
be
there long?
Short Answers
I
may (not).
might (not).
could.
We
may
might
could
be.
Note: May not and might not are not contracted.
Wh- Questions
When are you going to Paris?
How long are you going to be there?
Answers
I
We
may
might
could
go
next week.
be
there a week.
CONCLUSIONS: MUST, HAVE (GOT) TO, MAY, MIGHT, COULD, CANT
Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Must / May /
Might / Could*
Base Form
of Verb
must
may
might
could
be
wrong.
*Must, may, might, and could are modals. Modals have

only one form. They do not have -s in the third-person
singular.
Negative Statements
Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Must / May /
Might / Could / Can
Not
Base Form
of Verb
Contractions
could not
must
may
might
could
can
couldnt
cant
cannot
not
be
right.
OR
can not
Note: We usually do not contract
must not, may not, and might not
when we draw conclusions.
Affirmative Statements with Have (got) to

Subject
Have (got) to
I
You
We
They
have (got) to
He
She
It
has (got) to
Base Form
be
right.
(continued)
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions
Can / Could
Subject
Base Form
Could
Can
he
know
Do
Subject
Base Form
Does
he
know
Subject
Modal
He
must (not).
may (not).
might (not).
could(nt).
has (got) to.
cant.
that?
that?
Short Answers
Yes / No Questions with Be

Can / Could
Subject
Be
Could
Can
he
be
Be
Subject
Is
he
Subject
Modal
Be
He
must (not)
may (not)
might (not)
could(nt)
has (got) to
cant
be.
a detective?
a detective?
Wh- Questions with Can and Could

Wh- Word
Can / Could
Subject
Base Form
Who
What
can
could
it
they
be?
want?

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Focus on Grammar 3 Transparencies

Guidelines provided by Irene E. Schoenberg

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 1

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 2

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 3

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 3

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

yesterday at 7:00 P.M.

yesterday at 7:00 P.M.?

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 4

yesterday at 7:00 P.M.?

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 5

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 6

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

WILL FOR THE FUTURE

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE* FOR THE FUTURE

SIMPLE PRESENT* FOR THE FUTURE

(Not) + Base Form + -ing

Monday at 6:45 A.M.

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 6

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 7

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Questions About the Object

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 8

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 9

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

his lab coat.

his lab coat

Intransitive Phrasal Verbs

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 10

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Can / Could (not)

Base Form of Verb

Base Form of Verb

Base Form of Verb

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 11

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Base Form of Verb

Base Form of Verb

Base Form of Verb

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 11

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Questions: Can / Could / May

NOTE: May not is not contracted.

Statements: Can / May

Can / May (not)

Questions: Do you mind if

NOTE: See Grammar Note 4 for a full explanation.

Focus on Grammar 3, Third Edition, Unit 12

Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

this letter for me?

Im sorry, but I cant.

Questions: Would you mind

Would you mind