Diapositiva 1

INSTALACIONES-2
DEPARTAMENTO DE CONSTRUCCIONES ARQUITECTNICAS

CURSO 08-09

TEMA 4.APLICACIN DEL C.T.E., A UN CASO

PRCTICO
OPCIN SIMPLIFICADA

4 C
Profesor: Dr. Julin Domene Garca

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Diapositiva 2

EJEMPLO DE CLCULO

Se dispone de una vivienda unifamiliar de 129 m de superficie til,

ubicada en Bilbao.
La cubierta es inclinada a dos aguas, con ensamblamiento cermico
y una superficie de 225,4 m.
El techo est compuesto de:
En la parte inferior, enlucido de yeso de 800 kg/m
Bovedilla cermica de 16 cm con un coeficiente de conductividad
trmica de 0,23
Hormign en masa con ridos ligeros de 1600 kg/m
Encima se hallan dispuestas unas placas de poliestireno
expandido, con = 0,034 W/m K
Sobre el aislante hay un desvn seguido de una cubierta con
ensamblamiento cermico
2

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Diapositiva 3

EJEMPLO DE CLCULO

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Diapositiva 4

EJEMPLO DE CLCULO

El muro est constituido de la siguiente manera:

Enlucido exterior de cemento, cuya densidad aparente es
2.000 kg/m
Ladrillo hueco normalizado de 15 cm de espesor y 1.200
Kg/m
Aislante de 5 cm de espesor (poliestireno expandido con
hidrofluorcarbones -HFC)
Ladrillo hueco normalizado de 10 cm de espesor
Un enlucido de yeso de densidad aparente 800 kg/m

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Diapositiva 5

EJEMPLO DE CLCULO

El suelo de la vivienda est constituido por cuatro

materiales diferentes:

Mosaico, con Us = 0,41 W/m K

Mortero de cemento de densidad aparente 2.000 kg/m
20 cm de hormign de ridos ligeros de la misma
densidad
Grava rodada de densidad 1.700 Kg/m
5

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Diapositiva 6

EJEMPLO DE CLCULO
Las ventanas y puertas acristaladas (exteriores), son de carpintera
de madera y doble cristal con cmara de aire de 6 mm, cuya
transmitancia trmica es 3,26 W/m C.
La superficie total acristalada es de 25,2 m para las ventanas
exteriores y de 6,8 para las puertas acristaladas que lindan con el
exterior.

Existen dos puertas de madera de pino opaca. Una linda con un

local no calefactado y la otra con el exterior. Sus transmitancias son
1,98 y 3,49 respectivamente.

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Diapositiva 7

EJEMPLO DE CLCULO

La tabiquera interior est formada por tabicn de ladrillo

hueco, guarnecidas y enlucidas de yeso por ambas caras.
Las puertas interiores son de madera de pino chapadas por
las dos caras y opacas.

Calcular las transmitancias trmicas de los

cerramientos y su validacin, segn el CTE?

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Diapositiva 8

Tambin
cumple=la
segunda
condicin
Superficie fachada
152,6
m
Superficie huecos en la fachada=25,2+6,8=32 m
Cumple la condicin a)

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Diapositiva 9

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Diapositiva 10

Procedimiento de aplicacin de la opcin

simplificada

10

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Diapositiva 11

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

En nuestro caso son todos de:

BAJA CARGA INTERNA
11

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Diapositiva 12

Clasificacin de los espacios (segn el apartado 3.1.2)

.
A efectos de comprobacin de limitacin de condensaciones:
clase de higrometra.
Clase de higrometra 3: Todos los espacios designados con tipo
de uso Residencial y Oficina.
Clase de higrometra 4: Todos los espacios designados con tipo
de uso Restaurante, etc.
Clase de higrometra 5: Todos los espacios designados con tipo
de uso Lavandera, etc.

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Diapositiva 13

Cumplimiento de las limitaciones de permeabilidad

La permeabilidad de las carpinteras de los huecos y lucernarios de los

cerramientos, se limita en funcin de:
El clima de la localidad
La zonificacin climtica
El edificio se encuentra en zona climtica C, en este caso, la permeabilidad
al aire de las carpinteras, medida con una sobrepresin de 100 Pa, tendr
unos valores inferiores a 27 m/h m. (apartado 2.3.3)
Por lo tanto, para que se CUMPLA la limitacin de permeabilidad de los
huecos, estos deben ser de clase 2, clase 3 o clase 4. (apartado 3.2.4).
Ensayo: UNE EN 1026:2000
Clasificacin: UNE EN 12207:2000

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Diapositiva 14

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

UM
M1

UC

C1

US

UH
S1
H

14

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Diapositiva 15

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

UM

M2

NH

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Diapositiva 16

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

Se calcula la transmitancia trmica media del cerramiento, una vez
realizadas las de los elementos del mismo, mediante las expresiones
siguientes, que se obtienen en la Tabla 3.1, del DB HE1:

16

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Diapositiva 17

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

Se calcula la transmitancia trmica media del cerramiento, una vez
realizadas las de los elementos del mismo, mediante la expresin:

U Mm

AM U M APF U PF
AM APF

Siendo:

17

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Diapositiva 18

E.1.1.- Cerramientos en contacto con el aire exterior

15

150

50

100 15

Enlucido de cemento
Ladrillo doble hueco 15 cm

Ambiente
exterior

Ambiente
interior

Aislante

Ladrillo hueco 10 cm

Enlucido de yeso
Resistencia superficial exterior
Resistencia superficial interior

18

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Diapositiva 19

E.1.1.- Cerramientos en contacto con el aire exterior

Las resistencias trmicas superficiales se obtienen de la Tabla E-1

19

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Diapositiva 20

Muro de cerramiento opaco con contacto al exterior

Material

Capa

Espesor
(m)

Rs

0,04

(*)

Rj=ej/j
mK/W

Exterior

Enlucido de
cemento

0,015

1,40

0,0107

Ladrillo doble
hueco

0,15

0,49

0,33

0,04

Cmara aire

0,050

0,029

1,72

Ladrillo hueco

0,100

0,49

0,204

Enlucido de
yeso

0,015

0,30

0,05

Ambiente
interior

RT

0,13

0,13
2,485

(*) Valores obtenidos segn la norma UNE EN ISO 10456:2001

20

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Diapositiva 21

Por lo que la transmitancia ser:

M1

= 1/2,485 = 0,40

21

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Diapositiva 22

Clculo de superficies de los cerramientos:

1. Cerramiento exterior
Muro exterior: 56,50 x 2,7 = 152,60 m
Huecos: 25,2 m
Puertas exteriores = 6,8 m
Superficie = 152,6 25,2 6,8 = 120,6 m

22

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Diapositiva 23

N
Se dispone de una vivienda unifamiliar de 129 m de superficie til, ubicada
en la comarca del Valls Occidental, provincia de Barcelona.

23

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Diapositiva 24

Clculo de superficies de los cerramientos segn

orientacin :
rea de la
fachada

rea
ventanas

rea muro
clculo

34,44

5,8

28,64

Este

38

7,6

30,4

Oeste

38,7

6,3

32,4

Sur

41,46

12,3

29,16

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Diapositiva 25

Puentes trmicos: UPF

En nuestro caso, se tendrn los puentes trmicos:
Contorno de huecos
Caja de persianas
Pilares en fachada

Contorno de huecos, y pilares en fachada, en nuestro caso no se debern

tener en cuenta, al ser < 0,5 m

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Diapositiva 26

Puentes trmicos: UPF

Caja de persianas
Se tratarn como cmaras de aire medianamente ventiladas; para ello, la
resistencia trmica ser la mitad de la encontrada en la tabla E-2, apartado
E-1.1.- 6)

26

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Diapositiva 27

Puentes trmicos: UPF

Caja de persianas:
Se tomar por lo tanto, el valor:

R = 0,18/2 = 0,09 mK/W

Y su transmitancia trmica:

U PF 3

1
1

11,11
R 0,09
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Diapositiva 28

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

Para calcular la transmitancia trmica media del cerramiento:

U Mm

AM U M APF U PF
AM APF

Siendo:

U Mm

AM 1 U M 1 APF 3 U PF 3
AM 1 APF 3
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Diapositiva 29

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

Sustituyendo valores:
Ahora comprobaremos que:

U Mm

U Mm U M lim

120,6 0,40 3,90 11,11

120,6 3,90

U Mm 0,73

W/mK

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Diapositiva 30

Comprobacin del valor obtenido con la tabla 2.2

=0,73

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Diapositiva 31

E.1.4.- Huecos y lucernarios

E.1.4.1.- Transmitancia trmica de huecos

31

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Diapositiva 32

Transmitancia trmica de huecos

Superficie acristalada = 25,2 + 6,8 = 32 m

FM = 0,151
UH V = 3,0 W/mK, para acristalamiento doble con cmara de 6 mm de
espesor y carpintera de madera
UHm = 3,3 W/mK, para carpintera de madera

UH = (1-0,15)3,0 + 0,15 x 3,3 = 3,04 W/mK

32

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Diapositiva 33

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

Para calcular la transmitancia trmica media del cerramiento:

U Hm

AH U H
AH

UH

Siendo:

U Hm 3,04

W/mK

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Diapositiva 34

Comprobacin del valor obtenido con la tabla 2.2

3,4>3,04

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Diapositiva 35

E.1.2.- Cerramientos en contacto con el terreno

E.1.2.1.- Suelos en contacto con el terreno

Para el clculo de la transmitancia US, utilizaremos el Caso 1:

Soleras o losas apoyadas sobre el nivel del terreno o como mximo
0,50 m por debajo de ste, por ser el que nos ocupa.

El valor de la transmitancia se obtendr de la tabla E-3:

35

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Diapositiva 36

E.1.2.- Cerramientos en contacto con el terreno

Ra = Resistencia trmica del aislante = 0,050/0,029 = 1,72

(Poliestireno expandido con HFC); y como el aislamiento
es continuo, se utiliza la columna D>1,5

B =Longitud caracterstica de la solera

B'

A
129

4,56
0,5 P 0,5 56,5
36

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Diapositiva 37

E.1.2.- Cerramientos en contacto con el terreno

37

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Diapositiva 38

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

Para calcular la transmitancia trmica media de la
solera:

U Sm

AS U S
AS

US

Siendo:

U Sm 0, 48

W/mK

38

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Diapositiva 39

Comprobacin del valor obtenido con la tabla 2.2

0, 48

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Diapositiva 40

Transmitancia de la cubierta
La transmitancia trmica U (W/mK) viene dada por la siguiente expresin:

U = UP x b
siendo
UP la transmitancia trmica de la particin interior en contacto con el espacio no
habitable, calculada segn el apartado E.1.1,

El coeficiente de reduccin de temperatura b para espacios

adyacentes no habitables (trasteros, despensas, garajes
adyacentes...) y espacios no acondicionados bajo cubierta inclinada
se podr obtener de la tabla E.7 en funcin de:
La situacin del aislamiento trmico
Del grado de ventilacin del espacio
De la relacin de reas entre la particin interior y el cerramiento
(Aiu/ Aue).

40

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Diapositiva 41

UP

No habitable

Habitable

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Diapositiva 42

Transmitancia UP

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Diapositiva 43

CLCULO UP

Material

Ca
pa

Espesor
(m)

Rs

No habitable

0,10

poliestireno
expandido tipo IV

0,05

0,034

1,66

Hormign en masa
con ridos ligeros

0,03

0,73

0,04

bovedilla cermica

0,160

0,23

0,70

Enlucido de yeso

0,015

0,30

0,05

Ambiente interior
habitable

RT

0,10

(*)

Rj=ej/j
mK/W
0,10

0,10
2,65

Valores obtenidos segn la norma UNE EN ISO 10456:2001

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Diapositiva 44

Cubiertas en contacto con el aire exterior

Siendo el valor de la resistencia trmica total de 2,65 mK/W

La transmitancia del cerramiento en contacto con el local no habitable,

ser:

UP

1
1

0,37
RT 2,65

W/mK

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Diapositiva 45

Se distinguen dos grados de ventilacin en funcin del nivel de estanqueidad del espacio
definido en la tabla E.8:
CASO 1: espacio ligeramente ventilado, que comprende aquellos espacios con un nivel de
estanqueidad 1, 2 o 3;
CASO 2: espacio muy ventilado, que comprende aquellos espacios con un nivel de
estanqueidad 4 o 5.

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Diapositiva 46

Se distinguen dos grados de ventilacin en funcin del nivel de estanqueidad del espacio
definido en la tabla E.8:
CASO 1: espacio ligeramente ventilado, que comprende aquellos espacios con un nivel de
estanqueidad 1, 2 o 3;
CASO 2: espacio muy ventilado, que comprende aquellos espacios con un nivel de
estanqueidad 4 o 5.

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Diapositiva 47

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Diapositiva 48

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Diapositiva 49

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

Para calcular la relacin entre las superficies del forjado y la cubierta, se
tendr:

Aiu
129

0,57
Aue 225, 4
Con lo cual en la tabla siguiente:

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Diapositiva 50

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Diapositiva 51

Clculo segn opcin simplificada

Con el coeficiente b = 0,96, la transmitancia de la
cubierta, ser:

U U P b 0,37 0,96 0,35 W/mK

51

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Diapositiva 52

Comprobacin del valor obtenido con la tabla 2.2

> 0,35

52

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Diapositiva 53

C-1 justificativas de la opcin

X
Fichas
simplificada

28,64

0,73

20,90

29,24
27,56

Caja persianas

0,6

11,11

6,66

M1

30,4

0,73

22,19

0,94
30,95
28,3

Caja persianas
M1

0,55
32,4

11,11
0,73

6,11
23,65

0,91
32,97
29,98

Caja persianas
M1

0,57
29,16

11,11
0,73

6,33
21,28

0,9
29,73
27,61

Caja persianas

0,57

11,11

6,33

0,92

M1

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Diapositiva 54

Fichas justificativas de la opcin simplificada

S1

129

0,5

64,5

129,0
64,5
0,5

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Diapositiva 55

Fichas justificativas de la opcin simplificada

C1

129

0,35

45,15

129
45,15
0,35

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Diapositiva 56

Fichas justificativas de la opcin simplificada

TEMA 4
H

5,8

3,26

18,9

7,6

3,26

24,77

6,3

3,26

20,53

12,3

3,26

40,09

5,8
18,9
3,26

7,6
24,77
3,26
6,3
20,53
3,26
12,3
40,09
3,26

Factor solar

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Diapositiva 57

Factor solar modificado de huecos y lucernarios

El factor solar modificado en el hueco FH o en el lucernario FL se
determinar utilizando la siguiente expresin:

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Diapositiva 58

Factor solar modificado de huecos y lucernarios

Valor de FS:
Las persianas dispondrn de lamas verticales, con un ngulo
de inclinacin de 60.
Se utilizar la tabla E-13 del apndice correspondiente

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Diapositiva 59

Factor solar modificado de huecos y lucernarios

Valor de

= 0,75; obtenido de la base de datos Lider

FM = 0,15, obtenido anteriormente

Segn la tabla E-10, el valor de

,ser:

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Diapositiva 60

Factor solar modificado de huecos y lucernarios

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Diapositiva 61

Factor solar modificado de huecos y lucernarios

Sustituyendo estos valores, para el sur y el este, tendremos:

FS 0,321 0,151 0,75 0,151 0,04 3,03 0,75 0,20

Para el oeste:

FO 0,291 0,151 0,75 0,151 0,04 3,03 0,75 0,19

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Diapositiva 62

Fichas justificativas de la opcin simplificada

TEMA 4
H

5,8

3,26

7,6

3,26

6,3

3,26

12,3

3,26

18,9

5,8
18,9
3,26

24,77

1,52

0,19

20,53

1,19

0,20

40,09

2,46

0,20

7,6
24,77
1,52
3,26
0,20
6,3
20,53
1,19
3,26
0,19

12,3
40,09
2,46
3,26
0,20

Factor solar

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Diapositiva 63

TEMA 4

C-1
X
Fichas
justificativas de la opcin
simplificada

0,73
----0,50
0,3
3,26
---

T-2.1

0,94
0,91
0,9
0,92

T-2.2

0,73

0,5

3,04
3,04
3,04
3,04

0,5

0,95
0,65
0,53
4,40

3,4
3,9
4,4

0,35

0,41
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Diapositiva 64

TEMA 4

Fichas justificativas de la opcin simplificada

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