Explain the government-industrys responsibility for
health and safety
Evaluate the nature of hazards posed by materials
which are flammable, toxic and reactive
Identify and quantify common industrial methods to
control hazards.
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Lecture 13 13.1 Pressure Relief Installations 13.2 Pressure Relief Definitions 13.3 Pressure Relief Valve Sizing for Liquid Service 13.4 Pressure Relief Valve Sizing for Vapor/Gas Service
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13.1 Pressure Relief Installations
Spot the error!
Valves not allowed
in locations that block a relief
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Spot the error!
Relief for a vessel
should be on a vessel, not the inlet or outlet line Last Updated:1 December 2015
All vessels need dedicated PSV.
Valves not allowed in locations that block a relief. Rupture disc and tell tale gauge are recommended before PSV to LMS SEGi education group protect PSV from corrosive fluid.
Discharge pipe shall be greater in size than inlet size. 5
Spot the error!
The spring operated relief valve will
open first; discharging material on top Relief shall be sized of the rupture disk. Rupture disk may for WORST case not open at set point. scenario If discharge is polymerizing, the Size for 3 tanks, with polymer may plug discharge of Last Updated:1 December 2015 valves Opened. rupture disk. LMS SEGi education group
Relief shall be sized
for WORST case scenario Size for 200 gpm 6
13.2 Definitions
Set pressure: The pressure at which the relief device begins to
activate. Maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP): The maximum gauge pressure permissible at the top of a vessel for a designated temperature. This is sometimes called the design pressure. Operating pressure: The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP. Accumulation: The pressure increase over the MAWP of a vessel during the relief process. Expressed as a percentage of the MAWP. Overpressure: The pressure increase in the vessel over the set pressure during the relieving process. Overpressure is equivalent to the accumulation when the set pressure is at the MAWP.
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13.2 Definitions
Backpressure: The pressure at the outlet of the relief device
during the relief process resulting from pressure in the discharge system. Simmer is the audible or visible escape of compressible fluid between the seat and disc which may occur at an inlet static pressure below the set pressure prior to opening. Blowdown is the difference between the set pressure and the closing pressure of a pressure relief valve, expressed as a percentage of the set pressure or in pressure units. Excessive built-up back pressure can cause the valve to operate in an unstable manner. Chatter refers to the abnormally rapid reciprocating motion of the pressure relief valve disc where the disc contacts the pressure relief valve seat during cycling. This type of operation may cause damage to the valve and interconnecting piping.
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13.3 Pressure Relief Valve Sizing
The objective of the relief valve sizing is to determine the required relief area for the relief device.
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13.3 Pressure Relief Valve Sizing Liquid
Conventional Spring-Operated Reliefs in
Liquid Service Flow through spring-type reliefs is approximated as flow through an orifice.
Qv = u.A
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The viscosity correction Kv, corrects for the additional
frictional losses resulting from flow of high-viscosity material through the valve. The required relief vent area becomes larger as the viscosity of the liquid increases (lower Reynolds numbers). This correction is given in Figure 9-2.
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The overpressure correction Kp, includes the effect
of discharge pressures greater than the set pressure. The overpressure correction Kp, is a function of the overpressure specified for the design. Up to and including 25% overpressure, the relief device capacity is affected by the changing discharge area as the valve lifts, the change in the orifice discharge coefficient, and the change in overpressure. Above 25% the valve capacity is affected only by the change in overpressure because the valve discharge area is constant and behaves as a true orifice. This correction is given in Figure 9-3. Valves operating at low overpressures tend to chatter, so overpressures less than 10% should be avoided.
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As the specified overpressure
becomes smaller, the correction value decreases, resulting in a larger relief area.
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The backpressure correction Kb, is used only for balancedbellows-type spring reliefs.
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Example PSV for Liquid service
A positive displacement pump pumps water at 200 gpm at a pressure of 200 psig. The pump is protected by a PSV set @ 200 psig. Assuming a backpressure of 20psig, compute the area required (a) 10% overpressure (b) 25% overpressure
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Co = 0.61 (conservative value)
Kv = 1.0 (Re >5000, turbulent flow) Kp = 0.6 (at % overpressure 10%) Kb = 1.0 as PSV is not balanced bellows
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Relief vent area decreases as the overpressure increases.
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13.4 Pressure Relief Valve Sizing Gas service
Conventional Spring-Operated Reliefs in
Gas Service Flow through spring-type reliefs is approximated as flow through an orifice.
Define Last Updated:1 December 2015
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13.4 Pressure Relief Valve Sizing Gas service
Conventional Spring-Operated Reliefs in
Gas Service
P = P max + 14.7 Last Updated:1 December 2015
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Kb values for conventional type
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Kb values for balanced bellows
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Example PSV for Vapor/Gas service
A nitrogen regulator fails and allows nitrogen to enter a reactor through a 6-in diameter line. The source of the nitrogen is at 70F and 150 psig. The relief valve is set at 50 psig. Determine the diameter of a balanced bellows spring type vapor relief required to protect the reactor form this incident. Assume a relief backpressure of 20 psig.
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1.
Determine relief capacity required
2.
Determine if flow is choked.
diatomic max relief design pressure within the reactor
