CEREBELLUM

Herin Setianingsih

HERIN SETIANINGSIH

Cerebellum
Component of the motor system - coordination
Does not directly influence LMNs
Rather, influences UMN groups

Fix 5

Damage results in movement disorders

HERIN SETIANINGSIH

Damage to the cerebellum

Causes a lack of co-ordination:
Speaking
Walking
Tremour

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Damage on one side...

Unilateral damage to cerebellum causes
ipsilateral symptoms

HERIN SETIANINGSIH

Cerebellar Anatomy
Located dorsal to pons
and medulla
In posterior fossa under
tentorium cerebelli
Lobes
Floccular Nodular(small
fluffy mass)
Anterior
Posterior
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HERIN SETIANINGSIH

Flattened Cerebellum
Longitudinally
separated into
hemispheres and
cortices
Median (Vermal)
Vermis=worm
Paramedian
(Paravermal
Lateral
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Cerebellar Anatomy
Transverse division

Anterior Lobe quadrangualar

------------ primary fissure

Posterior Lobe

superior lobe semilunar

------------ horisontal fissure

inferior lobe

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Cerebellum
Median

Paramedian Primary
Fissure

Horizontal
Fissure

Prepyramidal Fissure
Posterolateral Fissure
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Cerebellum
Cerebellar Cortex

Molecular Layer

Purkinje Cell Layer

Granular Layer
Corpus Medullare (Medullary Center)
Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

Fastigial Nuclei

Nucleus Interpositus

Emboliform Nucleus

Globose Nucleus

Dentate Nucleus
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Tentorium cerebelli

"tent of the cerebellum"

dura mater that separates the cerebellum from
the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.

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Cerebellar Nuclei (Nuclei = deep cluster of

neurons)

Dentate nucleus

Largest, communicates
through cerebellar peduncle
Carries information
important for coordination
of limb movements (along
with the motor cortex and
basal ganglia)
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Dentate Nucleus

Pontine
Projections
Pons
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Dentate
Nucleus
Superior
Cerebellar
Peduncle14

Cerebellar Nuclei
Emboliform nucleus (medial side of the nucleus
dentatus)
Regulates movements of ipsilateral extremity
Globose nucleus
Regulates movements of ipsilateral extremity
Fastigial nucleus
Regulates body posture
Is related to the flocculo nodular lobe
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Deep Nuclei
1. Fastigial

nucleus
2. Globose
nucleus
3. Emboliform
nucleus
4. Dentate
nucleus

Nucl. emboli formis + nucl. globosus nucl. interpositus

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Spinocerebellum:
Vermis
Intermediate hem.
Cerebrocerebellum:
Lateral hem.

Spinocerebellum

(Vermis + Intermed. Hem)

Control of limbs
and trunk

Cerebrocerebellum
(Lateral hemisphere)

Planning of movement+

IVth vent

Vestibulo-cerebellum
(Floculo-nodular lobe)

Vermis
Intermediate hem.
Lateral hem.

Control of eye &

head movements
Balance
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Floculo-nodular17lobe

Overview of cerebellum: inputs

Compares motor plan with what the
body is doing, makes adjustments
Principle inputs

Cerebral cortex via pons (crossed)

Spinocerebellar
(uncrossed)
Vestibulocerebellar (uncrossed)
Inferior olivary nucleus (crossed)

Right side of cerebellum receives

information concerned with right
side of body
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Overview of cerebellum: outputs

Principle outputs to UMN systems

Cerebral cortex via thalamus (crossed)

Red nucleus
(crossed)
Reticular nuclei
(bilateral)
Vestibular nuclei
(bilateral)
Inferior olivary nucleus
(crossed)

Right cerebellum sends outputs to

parts of brain that control right side
of body

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Anatomy of the cerebellum

In posterior cranial fossa
Separated from occipital and temporal lobes by tentorium
cerebelli

HERIN SETIANINGSIH
Neuroscience Associates. Brain Library

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Netter 98

Anatomy of the cerebellum

Forms roof of 4th ventricle
Lobes of cerebellum: anterior, posterior, flocculonodular
Primary fissure; tonsil

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Anatomy of the cerebellum

Vermis
Paravermis
Hemisphere

(medial zone = trunk)

(intermediate zone = limbs)
(lateral zone = limbs, planning)

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Blood supply of the cerebellum

From vertebrobasilar system: PICA, AICA, SCA
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), Anterior inferior
cerebellar artery (AICA), Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)

Netter 132, 136

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Cerebellar peduncles
Inputs, outputs through 3 sets of
cerebellar peduncles:
Superior
middle
inferior

midbrain, thalamus
pons
medulla, spinal cord

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Netter 109

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Input, cerebellar cortex, deep nuclei, output

Input
Vestibular
Trunk

Cerebellar
cortex
flocculonodular
vermis

Limb

paravermis

interposed

Corticopontine

hemisphere

dentate

Deep nuclei
fastigal

Output
vestibular
reticular
Red
nucleus
VA/VL of
thalamus
(cerebral
cortex)

Inf. olive

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Inf. olive

Function of cerebellum
Paravermis/interposed (for limbs); vermis/fastigal (for
trunk)
Compares sensory input (spinocerebellar = proprioception;
vestibular) with motor plan (corticopontocerebellar input),
makes adjustments to UMN activity to smooth, coordinate
movement
Deep nuclei: coarse adjustment
Cerebellar cortex: fine adjustment

Lateral (cerebellar hemispheres)/dentate nucleus

Planning movements
Encodes programs of learned, skilled movements
Cognitive function? (extensive input from association cortex)

Flocculus lobe
Involved in eye movements
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Damage to the cerebellum

Ataxia: uncoordinated movement
Muscles tend to be hyporeflexic, hypotonic
Midline damage (vermis/fastigal) causes ataxia of trunk
musculature
Lateral damage (paravermis/interposed and
lateral/dentate) causes ipsilateral ataxia of limbs

Intension (action) tremor

Dysmetria (inaccurate reaching)
Decomposition of movement
Dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid alternating
movements)
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