DISSERTATION SYNOPSIS

DR. SANKET KAMURTI

POSTGRADUATE STUDENT

DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS
BATCH 2013-2014

A.J. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, KUNTIKANA

MANGALORE

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka

Bangalore
ANNEXURE II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR MDS DISSERTATION

1. Name of the candidate

DR. SANKET KAMURTI

DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS
A.J. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES
KUNTIKANA
MANGALORE-575 004

2. Name of the Institution

A.J. INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES

KUNTIKANA
MANGALORE -575 004

3. Course of the study and subject

MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY

PROSTHODONTICS

4. Date of admission to course

4th JULY 2013

5. Title of the topic

AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF

DIFFERENT TYPES OF BLEACHING
AGENTS ON THE SURFACE OF
PORCELAIN- AN IN VITRO STUDY.

6.

Brief resume of the intended work

6.1
Need for the study
Whitening of teeth using bleaching agents has been advocated for intrinsic as well
as extrinsic stains. Whitening toothpaste and mouthrinses may be able to remove some
of extrinsic stains on teeth but only teeth whitening agents are potential to remove
intrinsic and extrinsic stains.
Active ingradient in bleaching agent (either carbamide peroxide or hydrogen
peroxide) penetrates enamel to get discoloured molecules. Oxygen molecules from
bleaching agent react with the discoloured molecules in teeth, breaking the bonds that
bonds them together. The oxygen molecules spread whitening the entire tooth.
Use of bleaching agents has reduced the microhardness of feldspathic dental
porcelain. Rougheneing of porcelain may occur following the use of bleaching agents
depending on the type of porcelain used, resulting in a possible increase in plaque
accumulation. This increases the susceptibility to periodontal diseases.
Surface roughness of porcelain caused due to bleaching agents is also responsible for
accumulation of stains on the tooth surface.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of bleaching
agents on the surface of porcelain as measured by surface roughness .

6.2 Review of literature

1. Sebnem Begum Turker et al. (2003) Examination of the

effects of 3
proprietary carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on the
surface properties of 3
dental esthetic restorative materials was done. Three
bleaching products used in
this study were NiteWhite, Opalescence and Rembrant Lighten
Gel. Three
restorative materials used were Duceram, Fuji II LC, and Silux
Plus. Results
showed that surface roughness values for all restorative
materials increased
during the bleaching procedure. The only significant increase
was found with
the effect of Rembrant bleaching gel on modified glass
ionomer cement. Surface
roughness value increased significantly during the first 2
weeks for all
bleaching groups of each restorative material and no
significant changes
were seen in the following periods modified glass ionomer
specimens bleached
with NiteWhite and Rembrant showed an increase in mass
percentage of SiO2,
whereas Opalescence specimens showed a decrease.
However, there were no
significant difference between the groups.

2.
4

Venessa Cavalli et al (2003): Evaluation of the effects of low concentrations

of

carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on the ultimate tensile strength of

enamel. The materials used for bleaching agents were Opalscence10%,

Opalescence 15%, Opalescence 20%, Whiteness 10% and Whiteness 16%.
Results showed that specimens subjected to the bleaching regimen presented
Significantly lower ultimate tensile strength than the control group. No
difference were found among the type and concentration of the bleaching agents

3.

Craig J. Butler et al (2004): Comparision of the surface roughness of 3

different porcelains was done when exposed to 2 fluoride solutions, a 10%
carbamide peroxide and distilled water. Material used for this study were
feldspathic porcelain ( ceramco II), low fusing porcelain (finesse) and an
aluminium porcelain (all ceram). Fluorides used were 1.23% APF and 0.4%
stannous fluoride. Bleaching agents used was 10% carbamide peroxide.The result
showed that the acidulated phosphate fluoride etched the auto-glazed surfaces of
all 3 porcelain. For finesse specimens, the mean Ra value for the auto-glazed
surface were significantly higher than that of the control after immersion in
1.23% APF. All ceram auto-glazed surface specimens had a significantly higher
mean Ra value when immersed in 3 solutions than the control. Ceram II
specimens were affected by all 3 solutions, with the auto-glazed surface having
higher Ra values. Immersion in the 3 solutions had no effect on the polished
surfaces of all ceramic specimens tested.
4. Olga Polydorou et al (2006): Evaluation of the effect of the in-office

bleaching technique on the microhardness of six dental esthetic restorative

materials was done. Materials used for this study were four hybrid composite
resins (a hybrid, a flowable, a micro-hybrid and a nano- hybrid), an ormocer and
a ceramic. The results showed that the difference in the microhardness values
between the bleached and the control samples for the composites and the ceramic
were not stastistically significant. For the ormocer, although bleaching did not
have any significant effect on the unpolished samples, it caused an increase on
microhardness of the polished samnples.
5. Q. Li., H. Yu and Y. Wang (2009): Evaluation of the effects of a home
bleaching agents on the colour and surface properties of four tooth coloured
restorative materials. Materials used in this study were two composite resins (a
nano -hybrid and a packable), a polyacid-modified composite and a conventional
glass ionomer cement. The result showed that significant colour changes were
found among all the materials after bleaching. However the colour difference
decreased and fell into the clinically acceptable range (except for the compomer)
after withdrawl of the bleaching treatment. Surface dissolution was detected in
the polyacid modified composite and glass ionomer cement. ATR-FTIR
analysis found chemical composition alteration in the polyacid- modified
composite.
6. Hao Y, Qing Li et al (2013): Investigation of the effects of in-office bleaching
agents on surface and subsurface properties of dental materials at different
environmental temperatures. Materials used in this study were four composite
resins, a compomer, a conventional glass ionomer cement and an industrially

sintered ceramic material. Result showed that all materials were found to have
surface softening after bleaching and bleaching effects on surface microhardness
increased at 37 degree Celsius compared with 25 degree Celsius, except for the
ceramic. After being bleached at 37 degree Celsius ,

the microhardness value of flowable composite resin significantly reduced at a

depth of 0.1 mm. Compared with control specimen stored at 37 degree Celsius.
No significant difference was found between the control and bleached specimens
with respect to substance loss for any of the materials.

6.3

Objectives of the study

To evaluate the effects of bleaching agents on the surface of porcelain

To compare the surface roughness on the porcelain material caused by different

concentrations of bleaching agents

To compare surface roughness caused by home bleaching agents with in-office

bleaching agents.

7
Materials and methods
7.1 Source of data:
Bleaching agent A
(opalescence, USA)
Bleaching agent B
(Ammdent, India)
Porcelain material
(Vita 3D master, Germany)
Equipments used :
profilometer
Micromotor. (Marathon Handy 701, Korea)

7.2 Method of collection of data

Test Specimens Preparation:
The commercially available porcelain material (Vita 3D Master) will be selected for
studying surface roughness . A mould will be prepared using vinyl polysiloxane putty
(Aquaseal, Dentsply) to facilitate the fabrication of the porcelain discs (10 mm diameter,
2 mm thickness). A total 60 discs will be made, 30 for each group. The porcelain will be
mixed with sculpting liquid and placed into the mould. Tissue will be used to absorb
excess moisture. After drying, the discs will be removed from the mould, placed on
sagger tray and fired according to the manufacturers recommendations in porcelain
oven. The porcelain specimen will be finished with a medium grit diamond bur on both
sides to remove any irregularities, the discs will be placed in the porcelain oven and
fired to obtain an auto-glazed surface.

Methodology:
All surfaces of each sample will be well glazed. Specimens for each type of material are
divided into 2 test groups. Each group will have 30 samples for each. Specimens to be
tested are Group A (1,2,3) with opalescence bleaching agent and Group B (1,2,3) with
Ammdent bleaching agent. Group A is divided into 3 subgroups of 10 samples each as
Group 1A10% carbamide peroxide, Group 2A15% carbamide peroxide and Group
3A40% carbamide peroxide. Similarly, Group B is divided into 3 subgroups of 10
samples each as group 1B10% carbamide peroxide, Group 2B16% carbamide
peroxide and Group 3B35% carbamide peroxide. Group 1A, Group 2A, Group 1B and
Group 2B will be treated with home bleaching agents, whereas Group 3A and Group 3B
will be treated with office bleaching agents. The following tables are presented below:

Test

Number of samples in

Group

each group

Concentration of bleaching agent

Group 1A 10 samples

10%

Group 2A 10 samples

15%

Group 3A 10 samples

40%

Opalescence bleaching agent (MATERIAL A)

Ammdent bleaching agent (MATERIAL -B )

Test

Number of samples in

Group

each group

Concentration of bleaching agent

Group 1B 10 samples

10%

Group 2B 10 samples

16%

Group 3B 10 samples

35%

A total of 60 samples will be evaluated for surface roughness by using profilometer .

Samples in Group 1A, Group 2A, Group 1B and Group 2B will be kept in home
bleaching agents for 48 hours which is equivalent to treatment for 8 days, 6 hours/day
(to approximate 1 week of use in clinical situations). Group 3A and Group 3B will be
kept in office bleaching agents for 45 minutes (to approximate 30 minutes to 1 hour of
use in clinical situation). The discs will be then removed, rinsed with distilled water,
dried, and placed into separate containers clearly marked to identify the type of the
solution used.
The surface roughness (Ra) following treatment with the various solutions will be
evaluated using a profilometer. A dimond stylus (50-Micrometre tip radius) will be used
under a constant measuring force of 3.9mN. The Ra value describes the overall
roughness of a surface and is defined as the arithmetic mean value of all absolute
distances of the roughness profiles from the centre line within a measuring distance. The
surface roughness of each side of the disc will be analysed by performing 2 passes of
the profilometer, with one pass at a degree angle to the other. The mean Ra of these 2
10

readings will be used for the stastical analysis. The profilometer will be calibrated using
a standard reference specimen, then set to travel at a speed of 0.100 mm/s with a range
of 600 micrometre during testing and an amplitude transmittance set at 50%. Results
will be analysed using factorial analysis of variance for each sample, followed by
Turkeys multiple comparision test ( alpha = 0.05)

PROFORMA FOR COLLECTION OF DATA

FOR STUDY
GROUP A -- Opalescence
bleaching agent
Sample No.

Initial

Surface roughness measurement

measuremen

after immersion into the bleaching

t of surface

agent

roughness
before
immersion
into the
bleaching
agents
10%

20%

40%

1.
2.
3.

GROUP B Ammdent bleaching

11

agent
Sample No.

Initial

Surface roughness measurement

measuremen

after immersion into the bleaching

t of surface

agent

roughness
before
immersion
into the
bleaching
agents
10%

16%

35%

1.
2.
3.

INVESTIGATION DESIGN
A total of 60 Samples of porcelain material were taken.

Group B

Group A
Group
1A
(10%)

30 samples
Group
2A
(20%)

Grou
Group
p 1B
3A
Surface roughness measured
(10%
(40%)

after glazing
for by
each
sample
by
Surface treatment
done
keeping
)all
Surface treatment done by keeping
all
profilometer
samples using
in respective
bleaching solutions
samples in respective bleaching solutions

Surface
Surface roughness
roughness following
following
treatment
treatment with
with bleaching
bleaching
Statistical
analysis using
factorial
solution
solution evaluated
evaluated using
using
analysis
of variance for each
profilometer
profilometer
porcelain followed by turkeys
multiple comparision test
(alpha=0.05)

12

30 samples
Grou
Group
p 3B
2B
(35%
(16%)
)

7.3

Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be made on

patients or other humans or animals? If yes, please describe briefly
NO

7.4

Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution, if yes for 7.3
Not applicable

List of references
1) Craig J. Butler, Radi Masri, carl F. Driscoll, Geoffery A. Thompson, Dennis A.
Runyan and Joseph Anthony Van Fraunhofer: In vitro study of surface roughness of
3 different porcelains when exposed to 2 fluoride solutions, a 10% carbamide peroxide
and distilled water with the help of profilometer. J.Prosthet Dent 2004;92:179-83
2) Sebnem Begum Turker and Turan Biskin: Surface topography: three restorative
materials after treatment of bleaching agent were assessed by profilometer. J Prosthet
Dent 2003; 89: 466-733) Venessa cavalli, Marcelo Giannini, Riecardo M. carvalho:
Ultimate tensile strength of enamel after treatment with carbamide peroxide bleaching
agent at different concentrations. J.dental.2003.10.007
4) Olga Polydorou, Jurgen Schulte Monting, Elmer Hellwig, Thorsten M. Auschill:
Evaluation of the in-office bleaching technique on the microhardness of six dental
esthetic restorative materials by the repeated measures analysis of variance with three
between factors and one within. j. dental 2006.01.004
5) Q. Li, H. Yu, Y. Wang: Effect of home bleaching agents on the colour and surface
properties of four tooth coloured restorative materials. j.dent 2009.01.003

13

6) Hoo Yu, Quing Li, Yi-ning Wang, Hui Cheng: The effect of in-office bleaching
agents on surface and subsurface properties of dental materials at different
environmental temperatures. j.dent.2013.07.015

9.

Signature of the candidate

10.

Remarks of the guide

11.

11.1 Name and designation of Guide

Dr. MAYUR HEGDE

READER

11.2 Signature of the guide

12.

11.3

Head of the department

11.4

Signature

12.1 Remarks of the chairman and

14

Dr. Y. BHARATH SHETTY

principal DR.DEEPAK NAYAK U.S.

12.2 Signature

From,

Place:

Mangalore
Date:
/2013
Dr. Mayur Hegde
Reader
Department of Prosthodontics,
A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences,
Mangalore - 575004.
To,
The Member Secretary,
Ethics Committee A.J.I.M.S,

15

A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences,

Mangalore - 575004.

Respected sir,
Subject: Submission of Synopsis of Dissertation for Ethics Committee Clearance.

Herewith, I am forwarding the synopsis of the dissertation work of Dr. Sanket

Kamurti , Postgraduate Resident in the Department of Prosthodontics,
Titled: AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BLEACHING AGENTS ON
THE SURFACE OF PORCELAIN AN IN VITRO STUDY.

For ethical committee clearance of A. J. Institute of Dental Sciences.

Kindly accept the same and oblige.

Thanking you,

Signature of the Guide

Signature of the Head of the

Department
(Dr. Mayur Hegde)

16

(Dr.Y.Bharath Shetty)

Signature of the Postgraduate

(Dr. Sanket kamurti )

PLACE:
DATE

CURRICULUM VITAE

1.

Name

2.

Gender

: Dr. Sanket kamurti

: Male

3.

Date of birth

: 30/06/1988

4.

Nationality

: Indian

5.

Marital status

: Unmarried

6.

Permanent Address

: 316 telipada,
Moglaxmi niwas,
Near payal cinema ,
Bhiwandi, Dist. Thane
Maharashtra

17

Pin Code 421302

Present address

: Dr. Sanket kamurti

Post graduate student,
Department of Prosthodontics,
A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences,
Kuntikana, Mangalore- 575004

7.

Education:
Institutions :

MGM dental college, Navi Mumbai,

Maharashtra

Date:

Oct-2007 to March-2013

from(months/year)
to (months/year)
Degree(s) or

B.D.S

diploma(s) :

8. Membership of professional bodies:

Maharashtra State Dental Council,

Indian Prosthodontic Society

9. Present position
18

: Post Graduate Student,

Department of Prosthodontics,
A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences,
Mangalore

10. Workshops Attended:

CDE Programmed on IMPLANT-SOLUTION, Yenapoya,

12/08/2013

Mangalore.
Orientation programme for MDS course, Prologue 2012,

12/09/2013 to

RGUHS, Bangalore.

13/09/2013

CDE programmed on ALL CERAMIC VENEERS KEY TO

20/09/2013

IMPRESS ALL, MCODS, Mangalore

PG convention by Karnataka Prosthodontic society
conducted at Goa

28/09/2013 to
29/09/2013

Signature:
Date

19

From,
Dr. Sanket kamurti
Post Graduate in Department of Prosthodontics,

A. J. Institute Of Medical Sciences,

Mangalore- 575004
To,
The Member Secretary,
Ethics Committee A.J.I.M.S,
A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences,
Mangalore- 575004

Respected sir,
Subject: Submission of Synopsis of Dissertation for Ethical Committee
Clearance.
20

Herewith, I am submitting synopsis of my dissertation work: Evaluation of the

effect of different types of bleaching agents on the surface of porcelain
AN IN VITRO STUDY.
for ethics committee clearance of A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore.
Enclosed here with the copies of:Synopsis of dissertation
Curriculum vitae of guide
Curriculum vitae of candidate

Kindly accept the same and oblige.

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully,
( Dr. Sanket kamurti )

Place: Mangalore
Date:

21

/2013

CURRICULUM VITAE OF GUIDE

1.

Name

: Dr. Mayur Hegde

2.

Gender

: Male

3.

Date of birth

:31 /07/1978

4.

Nationality

5.

Marital status

6.

: Indian
: Married

Permanent Address

: F-1, Sangeetha Apartment

Kadri hills, Mangalore575004

7. Educational Qualification:

BDS: A. B. Shetty institute of dental

sciences, Mangalore
(1996-2002)
MDS: A. B . Shetty institute of dental sciences,
Mangalore

22

(2003-06)
8. Membership of professional bodies:

Karnataka State Dental Council,

Indian Prosthodontic

Society,
Indian Dental Association.

9.

Conferences/ CDEs attended :

1.

14th IPS NATIONAL PG CONVENTION on 27TH to 29TH July 2012, NITTE

University , Mangalore.

2.

3600 Complete Denture CDE programme on 22nd October 2012, MCODS

Mangalore.

3.

Reconstructive Implantology CDE programme, Dept. Of Oral Surgery, GYAN CDE

CELL, AJIDS, Mangalore. 15th December 2012

4.

Lasers advanced endodontics, 7th & 8th January 2013.at AJIDS

5.

Integrate 2012 MAHE, 4th 5th August 2012.

6.

Introduction to Implantology

7.

Hand Hygiene Day. May 2012 at AJIDS.

8.

40th KARNATAKA STATE DENTAL CONFERENCES-30th NOV to December 2nd

2012 B.C. Road, Bantwal, D. K. Karnataka

9.

40th KSDC Pre conference on dental implants 30th November 2012.

10.

19th National conference of the Indian society of oral implantologist 17th October
2012.

10. Publications:
1. Full Mouth Rehabilitation of a Patient with Severely Worn Molars : A Case Report -

23

International Journal of Clinical Dental Science Nov 2011, vol 2, Issue 4, 40-43

2. Complete Denture Fabrication in Old Denture Wearer in One Day - World Journal of
Dentistry Jan-March 2012, vol 3, Issue 1, 112-114

3. Radiographic evaluation in treatment planning for dental implants-journal of post

graduate dentistry, ISSN 2229-4643, vol 4 ,issue , jan - jun 2013
4. Shade selection for fixed partial dentures-journal of post graduate dentistry, ISSN 22294643, vol 4, issue 1, jan-jun2013
5. Esthetic Post-An Update journal of endodontology, ISSN 09707212, vol 22, issue 2,
december 2010
11. Present position

: Reader,
Department of Prosthodontics,
A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore

Signature:
Date:

24