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Acids
Multiple Choice
1. Enzymes that hydrolyze the internal peptide bonds (not the peptide bonds of the terminal
amino acids) of a protein are:
A) oxidoreductases.
B) lyases.
C) endopeptidases.
D) nucleases.
E) exopeptidases.
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7-1. Primary Structure Determination of Proteins
2. The positive charge on proteins in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is the result of:
A) protons fired at the gas-phase protein molecules.
B) protonated Asp and Glu residues.
C) protonated Arg and Lys residues.
D) a high pH.
E) electrons fired at the gas-phase protein molecules.
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 7-1. Primary Structure Determination of Proteins
3. A protein that has had few changes in its amino acid sequence over evolutionary history is
labeled:
A) a fibrinopeptide.
B) evolutionarily conservative.
C) random.
D) a product of pseudogenes.
E) phylogenetic.
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7-3. Chemical Evolution
4. In two homologous proteins, which residue is most likely to replace a Glu residue as a
conservative substitution?
A) Asp
B) Trp
C) Met
D) Ile
E) Lys
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7-3. Chemical Evolution
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 7-3. Chemical Evolution
7. Since there are 20 standard amino acids, the number of possible linear polypeptides of length
N can be expressed as:
A) n x 20
B) 20n
C) 20 x 10n
D) n20
E) n x 1020
Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 7-5. Chemical Synthesis of Polypeptides
8. Natural polypeptides most commonly contain linear polypeptides between 100 and 1000
residues in length. Polypeptides outside this range may be disfavored because:
A) larger polypeptides would likely be insoluble.
B) smaller polypeptides do not form stable folded structures
9. Which of the following has the most dramatic influence on the characteristics of an individual
natural protein:
A) the amino-acid sequence
B) the amino-acid composition
C) the type of intra-residue bond (amide vs. ester)
D) the stereochemistry at the alpha-carbon
E) the m-RNA sequence
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7-1. Primary Structure Determination of Proteins
13. Which of these are not commonly used to cleave amide bonds in polypeptides?
A) trypsin
B) cyanogen bromide
C) endopeptidases
D) 2-mercaptoethanol
E) pepsin
Ans: D
14. Protein sequences are customarily reconstructed from sequenced fragments since:
A) protein purification invariably results in the fragmentation of the protein of interest.
B) proteins are naturally and inevitably cleaved by proteolytic enzymes.
C) proteins are composed of multiple subunits.
D) large polypeptides cannot be directly sequenced.
E) all of the above
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7-1. Primary Structure Determination of Proteins
15. Although a proteins primary sequence can be inferred from the nucleotide sequence,
modifications such as __________ can only be determined by direct protein sequencing.
A) phosphorylation
B) disulfide crosslinks
C) the addition of carbohydrate groups
D) the addition of acetyl groups
E) all of the above
Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7-1. Primary Structure Determination of Proteins
D) Fibrinopeptides
E) none of the above
Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 7-3. Chemical Evolution